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w78le812 8 - bit microcontrolle r publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 1 - revision a5 1. general descripti on the w78le812 is an 8 - bit microcontroller which can accommodate a wide range of supply voltages with low power consumption. the instruction set for the w78le812 is fully compatible with the standard 8051. the w78le812 contains an 8k b ytes flash eprom; a 256 bytes ram; four 8 - bit bi - directional and bit - addressable i/o ports; an additional 5 - bit i/o port p4; three 16 - bit timer/counters; a hardware watchdog timer and a serial port. these peripherals are supported by a fourteen sources two - level interrupt capability. to facilitate programming and verification, the flash eprom inside the w78le812 allows the program memory to be programmed and read electronically. once the code is confirmed, the user can protect the code for security. the w78 le812 microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power - down mode, both of which are software selectable. the idle mode turns off the processor clock but allows for continued peripheral operation. the power - down mode stops the crystal osci llator for minimum power consumption. the external clock can be stopped at any time and in any state without affecting the processor. 2. features fully static design 8 - bit cmos microcontroller wide supply voltage of 2.4v to 5.5v 256 bytes of on - chip scratchpad ram 8 kb electrically erasable/programmable flash eprom 64 kb program memory address space 64 kb data memory address space four 8 - bit bi - directional ports three 16 - bit timer/counters timer 2 clock - out one full duplex serial port ( uart) watchdog timer direct led drive outputs fourteen sources, two - level interrupt capability wake - up via external interrupts at port 1 emi reduction mode built - in power management code protection mechanism packages: - dip 40: w78le812 - 24 - plcc 44: w78le812p - 24 - pqfp 44: w78le812f - 24
w78le812 - 2 - 3. pin configuration s vdd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 39 40 34 35 36 37 38 30 31 32 33 26 27 28 29 21 22 23 24 25 p0.0, ad0 p0.1, ad1 p0.2, ad2 p0.3, ad3 p0.4, ad4 p0.5, ad5 p0.6, ad6 p0.7, ad7 ea,vpp ale psen,p4.6 p2.5, a13 p2.6, a14 p2.7, a15 p2.0, a8 p2.1, a9 p2.2, a10 p2.3, a11 p2.4, a12 int2,,t2, p1.0 40-pin dip (w78le812) int4,p1.2 int5,p1.3 int6,p1.4 int7,p1.5 int8,p1.6 a9ctrl,rxd, p3.0 a13ctr,ltxd, p3.1 int9,p1.7 rst a14ctrl,int0, p3.2 oectrl,int1, p3.3 t0, p3.4 t1, p3.5 ce,wr, p3.6 oe,rd, p3.7 xtal1 xtal2 vss int3,t2ex, p1.1 44-pin plcc (w78le812p) 44-pin pqfp (w78le812f) 40 2 1 44 43 42 41 6 5 4 3 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 p0.4, ad4 p0.5, ad5 p0.6, ad6 p0.7, ad7 ea,vpp ale psen,p4.6 p2.7, a15 p2.6, a14 p2.5, a13 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 10 9 8 7 14 13 12 11 16 15 x t a l 1 v s s p 2 . 4 , a 1 2 p 2 . 3 , a 1 1 p 2 . 2 , a 1 0 p 2 . 1 , a 9 p 2 . 0 , a 8 x t a l 2 p 3 . 7 , / r d p 3 . 6 , / w r p4.1 p 4 . 0 a d 3 , p 0 . 3 t 2 , p 1 . 0 p 1 . 2 v d d a d 2 , p 0 . 2 a d 1 , p 0 . 1 a d 0 , p 0 . 0 t 2 e x , p 1 . 1 p 1 . 3 p 1 . 4 p 4 . 2 , i n t 3 , i n t 6 , i n t 5 , i n t 4 , i n t 2 int7,p1.5 int8,p1.6 int9,p1.7 rst a9ctrl,rxd, p3.0 a13ctrl,txd, p3.1 a14ctrl,int0, p3.2 oectrl,int1, p3.3 t0, p3.4 t1, p3.5 p4.3 34 40 39 38 37 36 35 44 43 42 41 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 p0.4, ad4 p0.5, ad5 p0.6, ad6 p0.7, ad7 ea,vpp ale psen,p4.6 p2.7, a15 p2.6, a14 p2.5, a13 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 10 9 x t a l 1 v s s p 2 . 4 , a 1 2 p 2 . 3 , a 1 1 p 2 . 2 , a 1 0 p 2 . 1 , a 9 p 2 . 0 , a 8 x t a l 2 p 3 . 7 , / r d p 3 . 6 , / w r p 4 . 0 p4.1 a d 3 , p 0 . 3 t 2 , p 1 . 0 p 1 . 2 v d d a d 2 , p 0 . 2 a d 1 , p 0 . 1 a d 0 , p 0 . 0 t 2 e x , p 1 . 1 p 1 . 3 p 1 . 4 p 4 . 2 , i n t 3 , i n t 6 , i n t 5 , i n t 4 , i n t 2 , , / c e / o e int7,p1.5 int8,p1.6 int9,p1.7 rst a9ctrl,rxd, p3.0 a13ctrl,txd, p3.1 a14ctrl,int0, p3.2 oectrl,int1, p3.3 t0, p3.4 t1, p3.5 p4.3 , , / c e / o e
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 3 - revision a5 4. pin description symbol descriptions ea external access enable: this pin forces the processor to execute out of external rom. it shoul d be kept high to access internal rom. the rom address and data will not be present on the bus if ea pin is high and the program counter is within on - chip rom area. otherwise they will be present on the bus. psen program store enable: psen enables the external rom data onto the port 0 address/data bus during fetch and movc operations. when internal rom access is performed, no psen strobe signal outputs from this pin. this pin also serves the alternative function p4.6. ale address latch enable: ale is used to enable the address latch that separates the address from the data on port 0. rst reset: a high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. x tal1 crystal1: this is the crystal oscillator input. this pin may be driven by an external clock. xtal2 crystal2: this is the crystal oscillator output. it is the inversion of xtal1. v ss ground: ground potential v dd power supply: supply voltage for oper ation. p0.0 - p0.7 port 0: port 0 is a bi - directional i/o port which also provides a multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external memory. the pins of port 0 can be individually configured to open - drain or standard port with internal pull - ups. p1.0 - p1.7 port 1: port 1 is a bi - directional i/o port with internal pull - ups. the bits have alternate functions which are described below: t2(p1.0): timer/counter 2 external count input t2ex(p1.1): timer/counter 2 reload/capture control int2 - int9 (p1.0 - p1.7): external interrupt 2 to 9 p2.0 - p2.7 port 2: port 2 is a bi - directional i/o port with internal pull - ups. this port also provides the upper address bits for accesses to external memory. p3.0 - p3.7 port 3: port 3 is a bi - direction al i/o port with internal pull - ups. the pins p3.4 to p3.7 can be configured with high sink current which can drive led displays directly. all bits have alternate functions, which are described below: rxd(p3.0): serial port receiver input txd(p3.1): serial port transmitter output int 0 (p3.2): external interrupt 0 int 1 (p3.3): external interrupt 1 t0(p3.4): timer 0 external input t1(p3.5): timer 1 external input wr (p3.6): external data memory write strobe rd (p3.7): external data memory read strobe p4.0 - p4.6 port 4: a 5 - bit bi - directional i/o port which is bit - addressable. pins p4.0 to p4.3 are available on 44 - pin plcc/qfp package. p4.6 is the alternative function corresponding to psen .
w78le812 - 4 - 5. block diagram p3.0 p3.7 p1.0 p1.7 alu port 0 latch port 1 latch timer 1 timer 0 timer 2 port 1 uart xtal1 psen ale vss vcc rst xtal2 oscillator interrupt psw instruction decoder & sequencer reset block bus & clock controller sfr ram address power control 256 bytes ram & sfr stack pointer b addr. reg. incrementor pc dptr temp reg. t2 t1 acc port 3 latch port 4 latch port 3 port 2 latch p4.0 p4.6 port 4 port 0 port 2 p2.0 p2.7 p0.0 p0.7 int2~9 watchdog timer 6. functional descri ption the w78le812 architecture consists of a core controller surrounded by various registers, five general purpose i/o ports, 256 bytes of ram, three timer/counters, and a serial port. the processor supports 111 different opcodes and references both a 64k program address space and a 64k data storage space. timers 0, 1, and 2 timers 0, 1, and 2 each consist of two 8 - bit data registers. these are called tl0 and th0 for timer 0, tl1 and th1 for timer 1, tl2 and th2 for timer 2. the tcon and tmod registers provide control functions for timers 0 and 1. the t2con register provides control functions for timer 2. rcap2h and rcap2l are used as reload/capture registers for timer 2. the operations of ti mer 0 and timer 1 are the same as in the w78c51. timer 2 is a special feature of the w78le812: it is a 16 - bit up/down counter that is configured and controlled by the t2con and t2mod registers. like timers 0 and 1, timer 2 can operate as either an external event counter or as an internal timer, depending on the
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 5 - revision a5 setting of bit c/t2 in t2con. timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto - reload, and baud rate generator. the clock speed at capture or auto - reload mode is the same as that of timers 0 and 1. i n the auto - reload mode, timer 2 performs a up counter which is similar with standard 8052. when counting up, an overflow in timer 2 will cause a reload from rcap2h and rcap2l registers. the timer 2 also provides a programmable clock - out mode as a clock gen erator. to enable this mode, timer 2 has to be configured with a 16 - bit auto - reload timer (c/t2 = 0, cp/rl2 = 0) and bit t2oe (t2mod.1) must be set to 1. this mode produces a 50% duty cycle clock output and timer 2 roll - overs will not generate an interrupt . the clock - out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and the reload value of registers rcap2h and rcap2l. the clock - out frequency is determined by following equation: clock - out frequency = oscillator frequency / [4 (65536 - rcap2h, rcap2l)] osc 1/2 t2 (p1.0) t2con.6 tr2 (t2con.2) t2ex (p1.1) exen2 (t2con.3) exf2 timer 2 interrupt th2 tl2 rcap2h rcap2l 1/2 timer 2 clock-out mode timer 2 mode control bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - - - t2oe - mnemonic: t2mod address: c9h t2oe: timer 2 output enable. this bit enables/disables the timer 2 clock - out function. i/o port options the port 0 and port 3 of w78le812 may b e configured with different types by setting the bits of the port options register por that is located at 86h. the pins of port 0 can be configured with either the open drain or standard port with internal pull - up. by the default, port 0 is an open drain bi - directional i/o port. when the pup bit in the por register is set, the pins of port 0 will perform a quasi - bi - directional i/o port with internal pull - up that is structurally the same as port 2. the high nibble of port 3 (p3.4 to p3.7) can be selected to serve the direct led displays drive outputs by setting the hdx bit in the po register. when the hdx bit is set, the corresponding pin p3.x can sink about 20ma current for driving led display directly. after reset, the por register is cleared and the pins of ports 0 and 3 are the same as those of the standard 80c31. the por register is shown below.
w78le812 - 6 - port options register bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ep6 - - hd7 hd6 hd5 hd4 pup mnemonic: por address: 86h pup : enable port 0 weak pull - up. hd4 - 7: enable pins p3.4 to p3.7 individually with high drive outputs. ep6 : enable p4.6. to set this bit shifts psen pin to the alternate function p4.6 port 4 the w78le812 has one additional bit - addressable i/o port p4 in which the port address is d8h. the port 4 contains seven bits; p4.0 to p4.3 are only available on 44 - pin plcc/qfp package; p4.6 is the alternate function corresponding to pin psen . when program is running in the internal memory without any access to exte rnal memory, psen may be individually configured to the alternate functions p4.6 that serve as general purpose i/o pins. to enable i/o port p4.6, the bit ep6 in the por register must be set. during reset, the, psen perform as in the standar d 80c32. the alternate functions p4.6 must be enabled by software. care must be taken with the ale pins when configured as the alternate functions. port 4 bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - p4.6 - - p4.3 p4.2 p4.1 p4.0 mnemonic: p4 address: d8h i nterrupt system the w78le812 has fourteen interrupt sources: 0 int and int 1 ; timer 0,1 and 2; serial port; int2 to int9. each interrupt vectors to a specific location in program memory for its interrupt service routine. each of these sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the corresponding bit in special function register ie0 and ie1. the individual interrupt priority level depends on the interrupt priority register ip0 and ip1. additional exter nal interrupts int2 to int9 are level sensitive and may be used to awake the device from power down mode. the port 1 interrupts can be initialized to either active high or low via setting the interrupt polarity register ix. the irq register contains the fl ags of port 1 interrupts. each flag in irq register will be set when a interrupt request is recognized but must be cleared by software . note that the interrupt flags have to be cleared before the interrupt service routine is completed, or else another inte rrupt will be generated.
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 7 - revision a5 interrupt enable register 0 bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ea - et2 es et1 ex1 et0 ex0 mnemonic: ie address: a8h ea : global enable. enable/disable all interrupts. et2: enable timer 2 interrupt. es : enable serial port interrupt. e t1: enable timer 1 interrupt ex1: enable external interrupt 1 et0: enable timer 0 interrupt ex0: enable external interrupt 0 interrupt enable register 1 bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ex9 ex8 ex7 ex6 ex5 ex4 ex3 ex2 mnemonic: ie1 address: e8 h ex9: enable external interrupt 9 note: 0 = interrupt disabled, 1 = interrupt enabled. ex8: enable external interrupt 8 ex7: enable external interrupt 7 ex6: enable external interrupt 6 ex5: enable external interrupt 5 ex4: enable external interrupt 4 ex3: enable external interrupt 3 ex2: enable external interrupt 2 interrupt priority register 0 bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - pt2 ps pt1 px1 pt0 px0 mnemonic: ip0 address: b8h ip.7: unused. ip.6: unused. pt2: this bit defines the timer 2 interrupt prio rity. pt2 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. ps: this bit defines the serial port 0 interrupt priority. ps = 1 sets it to higher priority level. pt1: this bit defines the timer 1 interrupt priority. pt1 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px1: th is bit defines the external interrupt 1 priority. px1 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. pt0: this bit defines the timer 0 interrupt priority. pt0 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px0: this bit defines the external interrupt 0 priority. px0 = 1 sets it to higher priority level.
w78le812 - 8 - interrupt priority register 1 bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 px9 px8 px7 px6 px5 px4 px3 px2 mnemonic: ip1 address: f8h px9: this bit defines the external interrupt 9 priority. px9 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. p x8: this bit defines the external interrupt 8 priority. px8 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px7: this bit defines the external interrupt 7 priority. px7 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px6: this bit defines the external interrupt 6 priority. px6 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px5: this bit defines the external interrupt 5 priority. px5 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px4: this bit defines the external interrupt 4 priority. px4 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px3: this bit defines the external interrupt 3 priority. px3 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. px2: this bit defines the external interrupt 2 priority. px2 = 1 sets it to higher priority level. interrupt polarity register bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 il9 il8 il7 il6 il 5 il4 il3 il2 mnemonic: ix address: e9h il9: external interrupt 9 polarity level. il8: external interrupt 8 polarity level. il7: external interrupt 7 polarity level. il6: external interrupt 6 polarity level. il5: external interrupt 5 polarity l evel. il4: external interrupt 4 polarity level. il3: external interrupt 3 polarity level. il2: external interrupt 2 polarity level. note: 0 = active low, 1 = active high. interrupt request flag register bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 iq9 iq8 iq7 iq6 iq5 iq4 iq3 iq2 mnemonic: irq address: c0h iq9: external interrupt 9 request flag. iq8: external interrupt 8 request flag. iq7: external interrupt 7 request flag. iq6: external interrupt 6 request flag. iq5: external interrupt 5 request flag. iq4: extern al interrupt 4 request flag. iq3: external interrupt 3 request flag. iq2: external interrupt 2 request flag.
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 9 - revision a5 table.1 priority level for simultaneous requests of the same priority interrupt sources source flag priority level vector address external int errupt 0 ie0 (highest) 0003h serial port ri + ti 0023h external interrupt 5 iq5 0053h timer 0 overflow tf0 000bh external interrupt 6 iq6 005bh external interrupt 1 ie1 0013h external interrupt 2 iq2 003bh external interrupt 7 iq7 0063h tim er 1 overflow tf1 001bh timer 2 overflow tf2 + exf2 002bh external interrupt 3 iq3 0043h external interrupt 8 iq8 006bh external interrupt 4 iq4 004bh external interrupt 9 iq9 (lowest) 0073h watchdog timer the watchdog timer is a free - running t imer which can be programmed by the user to serve as a system monitor, a time - base generator or an event timer. it is basically a set of dividers that divide the system clock. the divider output is selectable and determines the time - out interval. when the time - out occurs, a system reset can also be caused if it is enabled. the main use of the watchdog timer is as a system monitor. this is important in real - time control applications. in case of power glitches or electro - magnetic interference, the processor m ay begin to execute errant code. if this is left unchecked the entire system may crash. the watchdog time - out selection will result in different time - out values depending on the clock speed. the watchdog timer will de disabled on reset. in general, softwar e should restart the watchdog timer to put it into a known state. the control bits that support the watchdog timer are discussed below. watchdog timer control register bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 enw clrw widl - - ps2 ps1 ps0 mnemonic: wdtc address: 8fh en w : enable watch - dog if set. clrw : clear watch - dog timer and prescaler if set. this flag will be cleared automatically widl : if this bit is set, watch - dog is enabled under idle mode. if cleared, watch - dog is disabled under idle mode. default is clea red.
w78le812 - 10 - ps2, ps1, ps0: watch - dog prescaler timer select. prescaler is selected when set ps2 - 0 as follows: ps2 ps1 ps0 prescaler select 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 8 0 1 1 16 1 0 0 32 1 0 1 64 1 1 0 128 1 1 1 256 the time - out period is obtained using the following equation: 1 2 1000 12 14 osc prescaler ms before watchdog time - out occurs, the program must clear the 14 - bit timer by writing 1 to wdtc.6 (clrw). after 1 is written to this bit, the 14 - bit timer, prescaler and this bit will be reset on the next instruction cycle. the watchdog timer is cleared on reset. osc 1/12 prescaler 14-bit timer clear clrw external reset internal reset widl idle enw watchdog timer block diagram typical watch - dog time - out period when osc = 20 mhz ps2 ps1 ps0 watchdog time - ou t period 0 0 0 19.66 ms 0 0 1 39.32 ms 0 1 0 78.64 ms 0 1 1 157.28 ms 1 0 0 314.57 ms 1 0 1 629.14 ms 1 1 0 1.25 s 1 1 1 2.50 s
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 11 - revision a5 clock the w78le812 is designed to be used with either a crystal oscillator or an external clock. internally, the clock is divided by two before it is used. this makes the w78le812 relatively insensitive to duty cycle variations in the clock. the w78le812 incorporates a built - in crystal oscillator. to make the oscillator work, a crystal must be connected across pins xtal1 and xtal2. in addition, a load capacitor must be connected from each pin to ground. an external clock source should be connected to pin xtal1. pin xtal2 should be left unconnected. the xtal1 input is a cmos - type input, as required by the crystal oscillator. power management idle mode the idle mode is entered by setting the idl bit in the pcon register. in the idle mode, the internal clock to the processor is stopped. the peripherals and the interrupt logic continue to be clocked. the processor will exit idle mode when either an interrupt or a reset occurs. power - down mode when the pd bit in the pcon register is set, the processor enters the power - down mode. in this mode all of the clocks are stopped, including the oscillator. auxr - auxiliary register bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - - - - - - - ao mnemonic: auxr address: 8eh ao: turn off ale signal. reduce emi emission because of the on - chip rom, when a program is running in intern al rom space, the ale will be unused. the transition of ale will cause noise, so it can be turned off to reduce the emi emission if it is not needed. turning off the ale signal transition only requires setting the bit 0 of the auxr sfr, which is located at 08eh. when ale is turned off, it will be reactivated when the program accesses external rom/ram data or jumps to execute an external rom code. the ale signal will turn off again after it has been completely accessed or the program returns to internal rom code space. reset the external reset signal is sampled at s5p2. to take effect, it must be held high for at least two machine cycles while the oscillator is running. an internal trigger circuit in the reset line is used to deglitch the reset line when the w78le812 is used with an external rc network. the reset logic also has a special glitch removal circuit that ignores glitches on the reset line. during reset, the ports are initialized to ffh, the stack pointer to 07h, pcon (with the exception of bit 4) to 00h, and all of the other sfr registers except sbuf to 00h. sbuf is not reset.
w78le812 - 12 - 7. on - chip rom chara cteristics the w78le812 has several modes to program the on - chip rom. all these operations are configured by the pins rst, ale, psen , a9ctr l (p3.0), a13ctrl (p3.1), a14ctrl (p3.2), oectrl (p3.3), ce (p3.6), oe (p3.7), a0 (p1.0) and v pp ( ea ). moreover, the a15 - a0 (p2.7 - p2.0, p1.7 - p1.0) and the d7 - d0 (p0.7 - p0.0) serve as the addres s and data bus respectively for these operations. read operation this operation is supported for customer to read their code and the security bits. the data will not be valid if the lock bit is programmed to low. output disable condition when the oe is set to high, no data output appears on the d7 ? d0. program operation this operation is used to program the data to flash eprom and the security bits. program operation is done when the v pp is reach to v cp (12.5v) level, ce set to low, and oe set to high. program verify operation all the programming data must be checked after program operations. this operation should be performed after each byte is programmed; it will ensure a substantial program margin. er ase operation an erase operation is the only way to change data from 0 to 1. this operation will erase all the flash eprom cells and the security bits from 0 to 1. this erase operation is done when the v pp is reach to v ep level, ce set to low, and oe set to high. erase verify operation after an erase operation, all of the bytes in the chip must be verified to check whether they have been successfully erased to 1 or not. the erase verify operation automatically ensures a s ubstantial erase margin. this operation will be done after the erase operation if v pp = v ep (14.5v), ce is high and oe is low. program/erase inhibit operation this operation allows parallel erasing or programming of mult iple chips with different data. when p3.6 ( ce ) = v ih , p3.7 ( oe ) = v ih , erasing or programming of non - targeted chips is inhibited. so, except for the p3.6 and p3.7 pins, the individual chips may have common inputs.
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 13 - revision a5 ope rations p3.0 (a9 ctrl) p3.1 (a13 ctrl) p3.2 (a14 ctrl) p3.3 (oe ctrl) p3.6 ( ce ) p3.7 ( oe ) ea ( v pp ) p2, p1 (a15 ? a0 ) p0 (d7 ? d0 ) notes read 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 address data out output disable 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 x hi - z program 0 0 0 0 0 1 v cp address data in program verify 0 0 0 0 1 0 v cp address data out @3 erase 1 0 0 0 0 1 v ep a0:0, others: x data in 0ffh @4 erase verify 1 0 0 0 1 0 v ep address data out @5 program/erase inhibit x 0 0 0 1 1 v cp/ v ep x x notes: 1. all these operations happen in rst = v ih , ale = v il and psen = v ih . 2. v cp = 12.5v, v ep = 14.5v, v ih = v dd , v il = v ss . 3. the program verify operation follows behind the program operation. 4. this erase operation will erase all t he on - chip flash eprom cells and the security bits. 5. the erase verify operation follows behind the erase operation. security bits during the programmer operation mode, the flash eprom can be programmed and verified repeatedly. until the code inside the r om is confirmed ok, the code can be protected. the protection of rom and those operations on it are described below. the w78le812 has a special setting register, the security register, which can not be accessed in normal mode. the register can only be acce ssed from the on - chip rom operation mode. those bits of the security registers can not be changed once they have been programmed from high to low. they can only be reset through erase - all operation. the security register is addressed in the flash eprom ope ration mode by address #0ffffh.
w78le812 - 14 - b0 b1 b0 : lock bit, logic 0 : active b1 : movc inhibit, logic 0 : the movc instruction in external memory cannot access the code in internal memory. logic 1 : no restriction. default 1 for all security bits. special setting register d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 security bits 8kb flash eprom program memory reserved security register 0ffffh 0000h 1fffh reserved b2 b2 : encryption logic 0 : the encryption logic enable logic 1 : the encryption logic disable reserved bits must be kept in logic 1. lock bit this bit is used to protect the customer's program code in the w78le812. it may be set after the programmer finishes the programming and verifies sequence. once this bit is set to logic 0, both the on - chip rom data and special setting registers can not be accessed again. movc inhibit this bit is used to restrict the accessible region of the movc instruction. it can prevent the movc instruction in external program memory from reading the int ernal program code. when this bit is set to logic 0, a movc instruction in external program memory space will be able to access code only in the external memory, not in the internal memory. a movc instruction in internal program memory space will always be able to access the rom data in both internal and external memory. if this bit is logic 1, there are no restrictions on the movc instruction. encryption this bit is used to enable/disable the encryption logic for code protection. once encryption feature is enabled, the data presented on port 0 will be encoded via encryption logic. only whole chip erase will reset this bit. p1 p3.0 p3.1 p3.2 p3.3 p3.6 p3.7 x'tal1 x'tal2 p0 ea/vpp ale rst psen p2 vss a0 to a7 v cp v il v ih v il v il v il v il v il a8 to a15 pgm data v ih v ih +5v programming configuration p1 p3.0 p3.1 p3.2 p3.3 p3.6 p3.7 x'tal1 x'tal2 p0 ea/vpp ale rst psen p2 vss a0 to a7 v cp v il v ih v il v il v il v il v il a8 to a15 pgm data v ih v ih +5v programming verification v dd v dd
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 15 - revision a5 8. absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol min. max. unit dc power supply v dd - v ss - 0.3 +7.0 v input voltage v in v ss - 0.3 v dd +0.3 v operating temperature t a 0 70 c storage temperature t st - 55 +150 c note: exposure to conditions beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may adversely affect the life and reliability of the device. 9. dc characteristic s v ss = 0v, ta = 25 c, unless otherwise specified. parameter sym. specification test conditions min. max. unit operating voltage v dd 2.4 5.5 v operating current i dd - 20 ma v dd = 5.5v, 20 mhz, no load, rst = 1 - 3 ma v dd = 2.4v, 12 mhz, no load , rst = 1 idle current i idle - 7 ma v dd = 5.5v, 20 mhz, no load - 1.5 ma v dd = 2.4v, 12 mhz, no load power down current i pwdn - 50 m a v dd = 5.5v, no load - 30 m a v dd = 2.4v, no load input input current p1, p2, p3, p4 i in - 50 +10 m a v dd = 5.5v v in = 0v or v dd input leakage current p0, ea i lk - 10 +10 m a v dd = 5.5v v ss < v in < v dd input current rst i in2 - 10 +0 m a v dd = 5.5v 0 < v in < v dd input leakage current p0, ea i lk1 - 60 +300 m a v dd = 5.5v 0v < v in < v dd lo gic 1 - to - 0 transition current p1, p2, p3, p4 - 500 - m a v dd = 5.5v v in = 2v input low voltage 0 0.8 v v dd = 5.5v p1, p2, p3, p4 0 0.5 v v dd = 2.4v input low voltage 0 0.8 v v dd = 5.5v rst [*3] 0 0.3 v v dd = 2.4v
w78le812 - 16 - dc characteristics, continued param eter sym. specification test conditions min. max. unit input low voltage v il3 0 0.8 v dd = 5.5v xtal1 [*3] 0 0.6 v v dd = 2.4v input high voltage v ih1 3.5 v dd +0.2 v v dd = 5.5v p1, p2, p3, p4, ea 1.6 v dd +0.2 v v dd = 2.4v input high voltage v ih2 3.5 v dd +0.2 v v dd = 5.5v rst 1.7 v dd +0.2 v v dd = 2.4v input high voltage v ih3 3.5 v dd +0.2 v v dd = 5.5v xtal1 [*4] 1.6 v dd +0.2 v v dd = 2.4v output output low voltage v ol1 - 0.45 v v dd = 4.5v, i ol = +2 ma p1, p2, p3, p4 - 0.25 v v dd = 2.4v, i ol = +1 ma output low voltage v ol2 - 0.45 v v dd = 4.5v, i ol = +4 ma p0, ale, psen [*4] - 0.25 v v dd = 2.4v, i ol = +2 ma output low voltage p3 [*6] v ol3 - 0.22 v v dd = 4.5v, i ol = +2 ma sink current i sk1 4 12 ma v dd = 4.5v, v ol = 0.45v p1, p2, p3 [5] , p4<0:4> 1.8 5.4 ma v dd = 2.4v, v ol = 0.4v sink current i sk2 10 18 ma v dd = 4.5v, v ol = 0.45v p0, ale, psen , p4.6 4.5 9 ma v dd = 2.4v, v ol = 0.4v sink current p3.4 to p3.7 i sk3 12 24 ma v dd = 4.5v, v ol = 0.45 v in high - drive mode output high voltage v oh1 2.4 - v v dd = 4.5v, v oh = - 100 m a p1, p2, p3, p4 1.4 - v v dd = 2.4v, v oh = - 20 m a output high voltage v oh2 2.4 - v v dd = 4.5v, i oh = - 400 m a p0, ale, psen [*4] 1.4 - v v dd = 2.4v, i oh = - 200 m a source current i sr1 - 120 - 250 m a v dd = 4.5v, v oh = 2.4v p1, p2, p3, p4<0:4> - 20 - 40 m a v dd = 2.4v, v oh = 1.4v source current i sr2 - 10 - 14 ma v dd = 4.5v, v oh = 2.4v p0, ale, psen , p4.6 - 1.9 - 3.3 ma v dd = 2.4v, v oh = 1.4v no tes: *1. rst pin has an internal pull - down. *2. pins of p1 and p3 can source a transition current when they are being externally driven from 1 to 0. *3. rst is a schmitt trigger input and xtal1 is a cmos input. *4. p0, p2, ale and psen are tested in the external access mode. *5. p3.4 to p3.7 are in normal mode. *6. p3 (p3.4 - p3.7) is used led driver port by set sfr.
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 17 - revision a5 10. ac characteristi cs the ac specifications are a function of the particular process used to manufacture the part, the ratin gs of the i/o buffers, the capacitive load, and the internal routing capacitance. most of the specifications can be expressed in terms of multiple input clock periods (t cp ), and actual parts will usually experience less than a 20 ns variation. the numbers below represent the performance expected from a 0.6micron cmos process when using 2 and 4 ma output buffers. clock input waveform t t xtal1 f ch cl op, t cp parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit notes operating speed f op 0 - 24 mhz 1 clock perio d t cp 41 - - ns 2 clock high t ch 20 - - ns 3 clock low t cl 20 - - ns 3 notes: 1. the clock may be stopped indefinitely in either state. 2. the t cp specification is used as a reference in other specifications. 3. there are no duty cycle requirements on the xtal1 input. program fetch cycle parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit notes address valid to ale low t aas 1 t cp - d - - ns 4 address hold from ale low t aah 1 t cp - d - - ns 1, 4 ale low to psen low t apl 1 t cp - d - - ns 4 psen low to data valid t pda - - 2 t cp ns 2 data hold after psen high t pdh 0 - 1 t cp ns 3 data float after psen high t pdz 0 - 1 t cp ns ale pulse width t alw 2 t cp - d 2 t cp - ns 4 psen pulse width t psw 3 t cp - d 3 t cp - ns 4 notes: 1. p0.0 - p0.7, p2.0 - p2.7 remain stable througho ut entire memory cycle. 2. memory access time is 3 t cp . 3. data have been latched internally prior to psen going high. 4. " d " (due to buffer driving delay and wire loading) is 20 ns.
w78le812 - 18 - data read cycle parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit notes ale low to rd lo w t dar 3 t cp - d - 3 t cp + d ns 1, 2 rd low to data valid t dda - - 4 t cp ns 1 data hold from rd high t ddh 0 - 2 t cp ns data float from rd high t ddz 0 - 2 t cp ns rd pulse width t drd 6 t cp - d 6 t cp - ns 2 notes: 1. data memory access time is 8 t cp . 2. " d " (due to buffer driving delay and wire loading) is 20 ns. data write cycle parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit ale low to wr low t daw 3 t cp - d - 3 t cp + d ns data valid to wr low t dad 1 t cp - d - - ns data hold from wr high t dwd 1 t cp - d - - ns wr pulse wid th t dwr 6 t cp - d 6 t cp - ns note: " d " (due to buffer driving delay and wire loading) is 20 ns. port access cycle parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit port input setup to ale low t pds 1 t cp - - ns port input hold from ale low t pdh 0 - - ns port output to ale t pda 1 t cp - - ns note: ports are read during s5p2, and output data becomes available at the end of s6p2. the timing data are referenced to ale, since it provides a convenient reference.
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 19 - revision a5 program operation parameter symbol min. typ. max. unit v pp setup time t vps 2.0 - - m s data setup time t ds 2.0 - - m s data hold time t dh 2.0 - - m s address setup time t as 2.0 - - m s address hold time t ah 0 - - m s ce program pulse width for program operation t pwp 290 300 310 m s oectrl setup time t ocs 2.0 - - m s oectrl hold time t och 2.0 - - m s oe setup time t oes 2.0 - - m s oe high to output float t dfp 0 - 130 ns data valid from oe t oev - - 150 ns note: flash data can be accessed only in flash mode. the rst pin must pull in v ih status, the ale pin must pull in v il status, and the psen pin must pull in v ih status. 11. timing waveforms program fetch cycle s1 xtal1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 ale port 2 a0-a7 a0-a7 data a0-a7 code t a0-a7 data code port 0 psen pdh, t pdz t pda t aah t aas t psw t apl t alw
w78le812 - 20 - timing waveforms, continued data read cycle s2 s3 s5 s6 s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s1 s4 xtal1 ale psen data a8-a15 port 2 port 0 a0-a7 rd t ddh, t ddz t dda t drd t dar data write cycle s2 s3 s5 s6 s1 s2 s3 s4 s1 s5 s6 s4 xtal1 ale psen a8-a15 data out port 2 port 0 a0-a7 wr t t daw dad t dwr t dwd
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 21 - revision a5 timing waveforms, continued port access cycle xtal1 ale s5 s6 s1 data out t t port input t sample pda pdh pds program operation p2, p1 (a15... a0) address stable v ih v il address valid p3.6 (ce) v ih v il v ih v il v ih v il data in data out vpp d out read verify vcp v ih program program verify t vps t ds t dh t as t ah t pwp t oes t dfp t oev t ocs v ih v il t och p3.7 (oe) p0 (a7... a0) p3.3 (oectrl)
w78le812 - 22 - 12. typical applicat ion circuits expanded external program memory and crystal ad0 a0 a0 a0 10 a1 9 a2 8 a3 7 a4 6 a5 5 a6 4 a7 3 a8 25 a9 24 a10 21 a11 23 a12 2 a13 26 a14 27 a15 1 ce 20 oe 22 o0 11 o1 12 o2 13 o3 15 o4 16 o5 17 o6 18 o7 19 27512 ad0 d0 3 q0 2 d1 4 q1 5 d2 7 q2 6 d3 8 q3 9 d4 13 q4 12 d5 14 q5 15 d6 17 q6 16 d7 18 q7 19 oc 1 g 11 74373 ad0 ea 31 xtal1 19 xtal2 18 rst 9 int0 12 int1 13 t0 14 t1 15 p1.0 1 p1.1 2 p1.2 3 p1.3 4 p1.4 5 p1.5 6 p1.6 7 p1.7 8 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 wr p0.0 p0.1 p0.2 p0.3 p0.4 p0.5 p0.6 p0.7 p2.0 p2.1 p2.2 p2.3 p2.4 p2.5 p2.6 p2.7 rd 16 psen 29 ale 30 txd 11 rxd 10 w78le812 10 u 8.2 k dd crystal c1 c2 r ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 ad5 ad6 ad7 a8 ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 ad5 ad6 ad7 gnd a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 ad5 ad6 ad7 a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 a15 gnd a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 a15 v dd v figure a crystal c1 c2 r 16 mhz 30p 30p - 24 mhz 15p 15p - above table shows the reference values for crystal applications. note: c1, c2, r components refer to figure a.
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 23 - revision a5 typical application circui ts, continued expanded external d ata memory and oscillator 10 u 8.2 k dd oscillator ea 31 xtal1 19 xtal2 18 rst 9 int0 12 int1 13 t0 14 t1 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 p1.0 p1.1 p1.2 p1.3 p1.4 p1.5 p1.6 7 p1.7 8 p0.0 39 p0.1 38 p0.2 37 p0.3 36 p0.4 35 p0.5 34 p0.6 33 p0.7 32 p2.0 21 p2.1 22 p2.2 23 p2.3 24 p2.4 25 p2.5 26 p2.6 27 p2.7 28 rd 17 wr 16 psen 29 ale 30 txd 11 rxd 10 w78le812 ad0 ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 ad5 ad6 ad7 ad0 ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 ad5 ad6 ad7 a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 d0 3 q0 2 d1 4 q1 5 d2 7 q2 6 d3 8 q3 9 d4 13 q4 12 d5 14 q5 15 d6 17 q6 16 d7 18 q7 19 oc 1 g 11 74373 a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 ad0 ad1 ad2 ad3 ad4 ad5 ad6 ad7 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 25 24 21 23 26 1 20 2 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 ce gnd a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 gnd 22 27 oe wr 20256 v dd v figure b
w78le812 - 24 - 14. package dimensio ns 40 - pin dip seating plane 1. dimension d max. & s include mold flash or tie bar burrs. 2. dimension e1 does not include interlead flash. 3. dimension d & e1 include mold mismatch and are determined at the mold parting line. 6. general appearance spec. should be based on final visual inspection spec. . 1.372 1.219 0.054 0.048 notes: symbol min. nom. max. max. nom. min. dimension in inch dimension in mm 0.050 1.27 0.210 5.334 0.010 0.150 0.016 0.155 0.018 0.160 0.022 3.81 0.406 0.254 3.937 0.457 4.064 0.559 0.008 0.120 0.670 0.010 0.130 0.014 0.140 0.203 3.048 0.254 3.302 0.356 3.556 0.540 0.550 0.545 13.72 13.97 13.84 17.01 15.24 14.986 15.494 0.600 0.590 0.610 2.286 2.54 2.794 0.090 0.100 0.110 a b c d e a l s a a 1 2 e b 1 1 e e 1 a 2.055 2.070 52.20 52.58 0 15 0.090 2.286 0.650 0.630 16.00 16.51 protrusion/intrusion. 4. dimension b1 does not include dambar 5. controlling dimension: inches. 15 0 e a a a c e base plane 1 a 1 e l a s 1 e d 1 b b 40 21 20 1 2 44 - pin plcc 44 40 39 29 28 18 17 7 6 1 l c 1 b 2 a h d d e b e h e y a a 1 seating plane d g g e symbol min. nom. max. max. nom. min. dimension in inch dimension in mm a e h e l y b c d a a 1 2 e b 1 h d g g d e notes: on final visual inspection spec. 4. general appearance spec. should be based 3. controlling dimension: inches protrusion/intrusion. 2. dimension b1 does not include dambar flash. 1. dimension d & e do not include interlead 0.020 0.145 0.026 0.016 0.008 0.648 0.590 0.680 0.090 0.150 0.028 0.018 0.010 0.653 0.610 0.690 0.100 0.050 bsc 0.185 0.155 0.032 0.022 0.014 0.658 0.630 0.700 0.110 0.004 0.508 3.683 0.66 0.406 0.203 16.46 14.99 17.27 2.296 3.81 0.711 0.457 0.254 16.59 15.49 17.53 2.54 1.27 4.699 3.937 0.813 0.559 0.356 16.71 16.00 17.78 2.794 0.10 bsc 16.71 16.59 16.46 0.658 0.653 0.648 16.00 15.49 14.99 0.630 0.610 0.590 17.78 17.53 17.27 0.700 0.690 0.680 q
w78le812 publication release date: october 15, 2001 - 25 - revision a5 package dimensions, continued 44 - pin pqfp seating plane 11 22 12 see detail f e b a y 1 a a l l 1 c e e h 1 d 44 h d 34 33 detail f 1. dimension d & e do not include interlead flash. 2. dimension b does not include dambar protrusion/intrusion. 3. controlling dimension: millimeter 4. general appearance spec. should be based on final visual inspection spec. 0.254 0.101 0.010 0.004 notes: symbol min. nom. max. max. nom. min. dimension in inch dimension in mm a b c d e h d h e l y a a l 1 1 2 e 0.006 0.152 --- 0.002 0.075 0.01 0.081 0.014 0.087 0.018 1.90 0.25 0.05 2.05 0.35 2.20 0.45 0.390 0.025 0.063 0.003 0 7 0.394 0.031 0.398 0.037 9.9 0.80 0.65 1.6 10.00 0.8 10.1 0.95 0.398 0.394 0.390 0.530 0.520 0.510 13.45 13.2 12.95 10.1 10.00 9.9 7 0 0.08 0.031 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.5 --- --- --- --- --- q 2 q 0.025 0.036 0.635 0.952 0.530 0.520 0.510 13.45 13.2 12.95 0.051 0.075 1.295 1.905 headquarters no. 4, creation rd. iii, science - based industrial park, hsinchu, taiwan tel: 886 - 3 - 5770066 fax: 886 - 3 - 5792766 http://www.winbond.com.tw/ voice & fax - on - demand: 886 - 2 - 27197006 taipei office 11f, no. 115, sec. 3, min - sheng east rd., taipei, taiwan tel: 886 - 2 - 27190505 fax: 886 - 2 - 27197502 winbond electronics (h.k.) ltd. unit 9 - 15, 22f, millennium city, no. 378 kwun tong rd; kowloon, hong kong tel: 852 - 27513100 fax: 852 - 27552064 winbond electronics north america corp. winbond memory lab. winbond microelectronics corp. winbond systems lab. 2727 n. first street, san jose, ca 95134, u.s.a. tel: 408 - 9436666 fax: 408 - 5441798 headquarters no. 4, creation rd. iii, science - based industrial park, hsinchu, taiwan tel: 886 - 3 - 5770066 fax: 886 - 3 - 5792766 http://www.winbond.com.tw/ voice & fax - on - demand: 886 - 2 - 27197006 taipei office 11f, no. 115, sec. 3, min - sheng east rd., taipei, taiwan tel: 886 - 2 - 27190505 fax: 886 - 2 - 27197502 winbond electronics (h.k.) ltd. unit 9 - 15, 22f, millennium city, no. 378 kwun tong rd; kowloon, hong kong tel: 852 - 27513100 fax: 852 - 27552064 winbond electronics north america corp. winbond memory lab. winbond microelectronics corp. winbond systems lab. 2727 n. first street, san jose, ca 95134, u.s.a. tel: 408 - 9436666 fax: 408 - 5441798 note: all data and specifications are subject to change without notice.

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