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bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 1 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 s nrtl cus bcm ? bus converter fixed ratio dc-dc converter bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 sw1 enable / disable switch f1 v c1 1 f in pc tm -out +out -in +in bcm v out l o a d features ? 352 vdc ? 11 vdc 300 w bus converter ? high efficiency (> 95 %) reduces system power consumption ? high power density (> 1022 w/in 3 ) reduces power system footprint by >40% ? contains built-in protection features: - input overvoltage - input undervoltage - output short circuit - overtemperature ? provides enable / disable control, internal temperature monitoring ? can be paralleled to create multi-kw arrays typical applications ? high end computing systems ? automated test equipment ? high density power supplies ? communications systems description the vi chip ? bus converter is a high efficiency (> 95 %) sine amplitude converter? (sac?) operating from a 330 to 365 vdc primary bus to deliver an isolated, ratiometric output from 10.3 to 11.4 v. the sine amplitude converter offers a low ac impedance beyond the bandwidth of most downstream regulators; therefore capacitance normally at the load can be located at the input to the sine amplitude converter. since the transformation ratio of the bcm352f110t300b00 is 1/32 , the capacitance value can be reduced by a factor of 1024 x, resulting in savings of board area, materials and total system cost. the bcm352f110t300b00 is provided in a vi chip package compatible with standard pick-and-place and surface mount assembly processes. the co-molded vi chip package provides enhanced thermal management due to a large thermal interface area and superior thermal conductivity. the high conversion efficiency of the bcm352f110t300b00 increases overall system efficiency and lowers operating costs compared to conventional approaches. typical application v in = 330 ? 365 v v out = 10.3 ? 11.4 v ( no load ) p out = 300 w( nom ) k = 1/32
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 2 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 absolute maximum ratings the absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent da mage to device. electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions. operating beyond rated operating conditions for e xtended period of time may affect device reliability. all voltages are specified relative to sgnd unless otherwise noted. positive pin current represents current flowing out of the pin. parameter comments min max unit +in to ?in -1 400 v v in slew rate (operational) -1 1 v/s isolation voltage, input to output 4242 v +out to ?out -1 16 v output current transient (< = 10 ms, < = 10% dc) -3 41.0 a output current average -2 28.5 a pc to ?in -0.3 20 v tm to ?in -0.3 7 v operating ic junction temperature -40 125 c storage temperature -40 125 c part ordering information device input voltage range package type output voltage x 10 temperature grade output power revision version bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 bcm = bcm 352 = 330 to 365 v f = full vic smd t = full vic th 110 = 11 v t = -40 to 125c m = -55 to 125c 300 = 300 w b 00 = standard >00 = customer specific version standard models part number v in package type v out temperature power version bcm352f110t300b00 330 to 365 v full vic smd 11 v ( 10.3 to 11.4 v) -40 to 125c 300 w 00 = standard BCM352F110M300B00 -55 to 125c bcm352t110t300b00 330 to 365 v full vic th 11 v ( 10.3 to 11.4 v) -40 to 125c 300 w 00 = standard bcm352t110m300b00 -55 to 125c
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 3 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit powertrain input voltage range, continuous v in _ dc 330 365 v input voltage range, transient v in _ trans full current or power supported, 50 ms max, 330 365 v 10% duty cycle max quiescent power p q disabled, pc low 360 432 mw v in to v out time t on1 v in = 352 v, pc floating 380 440 500 ms no load power dissipation p nl v in = 352 v, t c = 25 oc 6.4 7.7 w v in = 352 v 3 15 v in = 330 v to 365 v, t c = 25 oc 11 v in = 330 v to 365 v 15 inrush current peak i inr _ p worst case of: v in = 365 v, c out = 1200 f, 1.7 3.5 a r load = 1.6 dc input current i in _ dc at p out = 300 w 0.9 a transformation ratio k k = v out /v in , at no load 1/32 v/ v output power (average) p out _ avg i out_avg #ref! a 300 w output power (peak) p out _ pk 10 ms max, p out _ avg 300 w 450 w output current (average) i out _ avg p out_avg < 300 w 28.5 a output current (peak) i out _ pk 10 ms max, i out _ avg 28.5 a 41.0 a v in = 352 v, i out = 28.5 a; t c = 25 c 94.5 95.5 efficiency (ambient) h amb v in = 330 v to 365 v, i out = 28.5 a; t c = 25 c 94.0 % v in = 352 v, i out = 14.25 a; t c = 25 c 94.0 94.4 efficiency (hot) h hot v in = 352 v, i out = 28.5 a; t c = 100 c 94.0 95.2 % efficiency (over load range) h 20% 5.70 a < i out < 28.5 a 90.0 % r out _ cold i out = 28.5 a, t c = -40 c 2.5 5.0 7.0 m output resistance r out _ amb i out = 28.5 a, t c = 25 c 5.4 7.7 10.7 m r out _ hot i out = 28.5 a, t c = 100 c 7.0 10.0 13.0 m switching frequency f sw 1.85 1.95 2.05 mhz output voltage ripple v out _ pp c out = 0 f, i out = 28.5 a, v in = 352 v, 200 400 mv 20 mhz bw, section 10 output inductance (parasitic) l out _ par frequency up to 30 mhz, 500 ph simulated j-lead model output capacitance (internal) c out _ int effective value at 11 v out 31.0 f output capacitance (external) c out _ ext see figure 13 for output capacitance vs. 0 1200 f startup load limits 2.0 electrical characteristics specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of -40 c < t c < 100 c (t-grade) ; all other specifications are at t c = 25 oc unless otherwise noted.
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 4 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 2.0 electrical characteristics (cont.) attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit protection input overvoltage lockout threshold v in _ ovlo + 390 v input overvoltage recovery threshold v in _ ovlo - 366 v input overvoltage lockout hysteresis v in _ ovlo _ hyst 4 v overvoltage lockout response time t ovlo 47 s fault recovery time t auto _ restart 380 440 500 ms input undervoltage lockout threshold v in _ uvlo - 275 293 315 v input undervoltage recovery threshold v in _ uvlo + 285 307 325 v input undervoltage lockout hysteresis v in _ uvlo _ hyst 14 v undervoltage lockout response time t uvlo 47 s output overcurrent trip threshold i ocp 30 40 50 a output overcurrent response time constant t ocp effective internal rc filter 4.4 ms short circuit protection trip threshold i scp 45 a short circuit protection response time t scp 1 s thermal shutdown threshold t j _ otp 125 oc output voltage (v) p (ave) p (pk), < 10ms i (ave) i (pk), < 10ms safe operating area average and peak output power (w) output current (a) 0 5 9 14 18 23 27 32 36 41 45 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.9 11.1 11.2 11.4 11.6 figure 1 ? safe operating area
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 5 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 3.0 signal characteristics specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of -40 c < t c < 100 c (t-grade) ; all other specifications are at t c = 25 c unless otherwise noted. signal type state attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit regular pc voltage v pc 4.7 5.0 5.3 v operation pc available current i pc _ op 2.0 3.5 5.0 ma analog standby pc source (current) i pc _ en 50 100 a output pc resistance (internal) r pc _ int internal pull down resistor 50 150 400 k transition pc capacitance (internal) c pc _ int section 7 4700 pf start up pc load resistance r pc _ s to permit regular operation 60 k start up pc time to start t on1 380 440 500 ms regular pc enable threshold v pc _ en 2.0 2.5 3.0 v operation digital standby pc disable duration t pc _ dis _ t minimum time before attempting re-enable 1 s input / ouput pc threshold hysteresis v pc _ hyster 50 mv transition pc enable to v out time t on2 v in = 352 v for at least t on1 ms 50 100 150 s pc disable to standby time t pc - dis 4 10 s pc fault response time t fr _ pc from fault to pc = 2 v 100 s ? the pc pin enables and disables the bcm module. when held low, the bcm module is disabled. ? in an array of bcm modules, pc pins should be interconnected to synchronize start up and permit start up into full load conditions. ? pc pin outputs 5 v during normal operation. pc pin internal bias level drops to 2.5 v during fault mode, provided v in remains in the valid range. primary control : pc signal type state attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit tm voltage range v tm 2.12 4.04 v regular tm voltage reference v tm _ amb t j controller = 27 c 2.95 3.00 3.05 v analog operation tm available current i tm 100 a output tm gain a tm 10 mv/c tm voltage ripple v tm _ pp c tm = 0 pf, v in = 352 v, i out = 28.5 a 120 200 mv digital transition tm capacitance (external) c tm _ ext 50 pf output tm fault response time t fr _ tm from fault to tm = 1.5 v 10 s (fault flag) standby tm voltage v tm _ dis 0 v tm pull down (internal) r tm _ int internal pull down resistor 25 40 50 k ? the tm pin monitors the internal temperature of the controller ic within an accuracy of 5 c. ? can be used as a "power good" flag to verify that the bcm module is operating. ? is used to drive the internal comparator for overtemperature shut down. temperature monitor : tm reserved for factory use. no connection should be made to this pin. reserved : rsv
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 6 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 4.0 bcm module timing diagram 12 3 4 5 6 v uvlo + pc 5 v 3 v ll ? k a: t on1 b: t ovlo* c: t auto_restart d:t uvlo e: t on2 f: t ocp g: t pcCdis h: t scp** 1: controller start 2: controller turn off 3: pc release 4: pc pulled low 5: pc released on output sc 6: sc removed vout tm 3 v @ 27c 0.4 v v in 3 v 5 v 2.5 v 500ms before retrial v uvlo C a b e h i ssp i out i ocp g f d c v ovlo + v ovlo C v ovlo + nl notes: C timing and signal amplitudes are not to scale C error pulse width is load dependent *min value switching off **from detection of error to power train shut down c
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 7 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 5.0 application characteristics the following values, typical of an application environment, are collected at t c = 25 oc unless otherwise noted. see associated figures for general trend data. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 330 334 338 342 346 349 353 357 361 365 input voltage (v) no load power dissipation vs. line -40 ? 25 ? 100 ? power dissipation (w) 94.0 94.5 95.0 95.5 96.0 96.5 97.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 case temperature (oc) 330 v 352 v 365 v v in : full load efficiency (%) full load efficiency vs. t case 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 load current (a) efficiency (%) efficiency and power dissipation, -40 c case power dissipation (w) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 p d 70 v : in 330 v 352 v 365 v 330 v 352 v 365 v 0.0 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 14.0 16.8 19.6 22.4 25.2 28.0 figure 2 ? no load power dissipation vs. v in figure 3 ? full load efficiency vs. temperature; v in figure 4 ? efficiency and power dissipation at t c = -40 c 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 load current (a) efficiency (%) efficiency and power dissipation, 25 c case power dissipation (w) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 70 0.0 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 14.0 16.8 19.6 22.4 25.2 28.0 v : in 330 v 352 v 365 v 330 v 352 v 365 v p d 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 load current (a) efficiency (%) efficiency and power dissipation, 100 c case power dissipation (w) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 70 0.0 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 14.0 16.8 19.6 22.4 25.2 28.0 v : in 330 v 352 v 365 v 330 v 352 v 365 v p d figure 5 ? efficiency and power dissipation at t c = 25 c figure 6 ? efficiency and power dissipation at t c = 100 c case temperature (c) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 r out vs. t case at v in = 352 v r out (m) i out : 28.5 a figure 7 ? r out vs. temperature
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 8 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 figure 10 ? start up from application of pc; v in pre-applied c out = 1200 f figure 9 ? full load ripple, 2.2 f c in ; no external c out . board mounted module, scope setting : 20 mhz analog bw 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 v oltage (mv pk-pk ) load current (a) output voltage ripple vs. load v in : 330 v 365 v 352 v figure 8 ? v ripple vs. i out ; no external c out . board mounted module, scope setting : 20 mhz analog bw figure 12 ? 28.5 a ? 0 a tran sient response: c in = 2.2 f, no external c out figure 11 ? 0 a? 28.5 a transient response: c in = 2.2 f, no external c out safe operating area startup load current vs output capacitance load current (%) output capacitance (%) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 10 0 figure 13 ? start up load current vs. output capacitance
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 9 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 attribute symbol conditions / notes min typ max unit mechanical length l 32.25 / [1.270] 32.50 / [1.280] 32.75 / [1.289] mm/[in] width w 21.75 / [0.856] 22.00 / [0.866] 22.25 / [0.876] mm/[in] height h 6.48 / [0.255] 6.73 / [0.265] 6.98 / [0.275] mm/[in] volume vol no heat sink 4.81 / [0.294] cm 3 /[in 3 ] weight w 14.5 / [0.512] g/[oz] nickel 0.51 2.03 lead finish palladium 0.02 0.15 m gold 0.003 0.051 thermal bcm352f110t300b00 (t-grade) -40 125 c operating temperature t j BCM352F110M300B00 (m-grade) -55 125 c thermal resistance f jc isothermal heat sink and 1 c/w isothermal internal pcb thermal capacity 9 ws/c assembly peak compressive force supported by j-lead only 6 lbs applied to case (z-axis) 5.41 lbs / in 2 bcm352f110t300b00 (t-grade) -40 125 c storage temperature t st BCM352F110M300B00 (m-grade) -55 125 c esd hbm human body model, 2000 "jedec jesd 22-a114c.01" class 1c esd withstand esd cdm charge device model, 500 v "jedec jesd 22-c101-d" soldering peak temperature during reflow msl 4 (datecode 1528 and later) 245 c peak time above 217 c 60 90 s peak heating rate during reflow 1.5 3 c/s peak cooling rate post reflow 1.5 6 c/ s safety working voltage (in ? out) v in _ out 500 v dc isolation voltage (hipot) v hipot 4,242 v dc isolation capacitance c in _ out unpowered unit 500 660 800 pf isolation resistance r in _ out at 500 vdc 10 m mtbf 3.15 mhrs 6.64 mhrs ctuvus agency approvals / standards curus ce marked for low voltage directive and rohs recast directive, as applicable 6.0 general characteristics specifications apply over all line and load conditions , unless otherwise noted; boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of -40 oc < t c < 100 oc (t-grade) ; all other specifications are at t c = 25 c unless otherwise noted. telcordia issue 2 - method i case iii; 25c ground benign, controlled mil-hdbk-217plus parts count - 25c ground benign, stationary, indoors / computer profile
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 10 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 7.0 using the control signals pc, tm primary control (pc) pin can be used to accomplish the following functions: ? logic enable and disable for module: once t on 1 time has been satisfied, a pc voltage greater than v pc _ en will cause the module to start. bringing pc lower than v pc _ dis will cause the module to enter standby. ? auxiliary voltage source: once enabled in regular operational conditions (no fault), each bcm module pc provides a regulated 5 v, 3.5 ma voltage source. ? synchronized start up: in an array of parallel modules, pc pins should be connected to synchronize start up across units. this permits the maximum load and capacitance to scale by the number of paralleled modules. ? output disable: pc pin can be actively pulled down in order to disable the module. pull down impedance shall be lower than 60 . ? fault detection flag: the pc 5 v voltage source is internally turned off as soon as a fault is detected. ? note that pc can not sink significant current during a fault condition. the pc pin of a faulted module will not cause interconnected pc pins of other modules to be disabled. temperature monitor (tm) pin provides a voltage proportional to the absolute temperature of the converter control ic. it can be used to accomplish the following functions: ? monitor the control ic temperature: the temperature in kelvin is equal to the voltage on the tm pin scaled by 100. (i.e. 3.0 v = 300 k = 27 oc). if a heat sink is applied, tm can be used to protect the system thermally. ? fault detection flag: the tm voltage source is internally turned off as soon as a fault is detected. for system monitoring purposes microcontroller interface faults are detected on falling edges of tm signal.
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 11 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 + vout -vout modulator +vin fast current limit vref tm pc temperature dependent voltage source enable -vin 2.5v 100ua 5v, 2ma min 150k 40k 1000pf 9.5v gate drive supply 3.1v primary current sensing temp_vref start up & fault logic one shot delay t on1 ?ake-up power and logic pc pull-up & source overtemperature protection short circuit protection adaptive soft start c1 c2 c3 c4 q1 q2 q3 q4 q6 q8 cout primary gate drive secondary gate drive cr cr lr lr primary stage & resonant tank synchronous rectification power transformer lp1 lp2 uvlo ovlo vin vcc 2.5v 100 ohm 8.0 bcm module block diagram
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 12 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 9.0 sine amplitude converter? point of load conversion the sine amplitude converter (sac?) uses a high frequency resonant tank to move energy from input to output. (the resonant tank is formed by cr and leakage inductance lr in the power transformer windings as shown in the bcm module block diagram. see section 8). the resonant lc tank, operated at high frequency, is amplitude modulated as a function of input voltage and output current. a small amount of capacitance embedded in the input and output stages of the module is sufficient for full functionality and is key to achieving power density. the bcm352f110t300b00 sac can be simplified into the preceeding model. at no load: v out = v in ? k (1) k represents the ?turns ratio? of the sac. rearranging eq (1): k= v out (2) v in in the presence of load, v out is represented by: v out = v in ? k ? i out ? r out (3) and i out is represented by: i out = i in ?i q (4) k r out represents the impedance of the sac, and is a function of the r dson of the input and output mosfets and the winding resistance of the power transformer. i q represents the quiescent current of the sac control, gate drive circuitry, and core losses. the use of dc voltage transformation provides additional interesting attributes. assuming that r out = 0 and i q = 0 a, eq. (3) now becomes eq. (1) and is essentially load independent, resistor r is now placed in series with v in . the relationship between v in and v out becomes: v out = (v in ?i in ? r) ? k (5) substituting the simplified version of eq. (4) (i q is assumed = 0 a) into eq. (5) yields: v out = v in ? k ? i out ? r ? k 2 (6) + + v out c out v in v?i k + + c in i out r c out i q r out r c in 20.0 ma 1/32 ? i out 1/32 ? v in 7.7 m r cin 9.2 m 108 nh 480 m r cout 570 31.0 f l out = 500 ph 0.0625 f i q l in = 5.7 nh i out r out v in v out r sac k = 1/32 vin vout + ? v in v out r sac? k = 1/32 figure 15 ? k = 1/32 sine amplitude converter? with series input resistor figure 14 ? bcm module ac model c out c in
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 13 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 this is similar in form to eq. (3), where r out is used to represent the characteristic impedance of the sac?. however, in this case a real r on the input side of the sac is effectively scaled by k 2 with respect to the output. assuming that r = 1 , the effective r as seen from the secondary sideis 1.0 m ,withk= 1/32 . a similar exercise should be performed with the additon of a capacitor or shunt impedance at the input to the sac. a switch in series with v in is added to the circuit. this is depicted in figure 15. a change in v in with the switch closed would result in a change in capacitor current according to the following equation: i c (t) = c dv in (7) dt assume that with the capacitor charged to v in , the switch is opened and the capacitor is discharged through the idealized sac. in this case, i c =i out ? k (8) substituting eq. (1) and (8) into eq. (7) reveals: i out = c ? dv out (9) k 2 dt the equation in terms of the output has yielded a k 2 scaling factor for c, specified in the denominator of the equation. a k factor less than unity results in an effectively larger capacitance on the output when expressed in terms of the input. with a k = 1/32 as shown in figure 16, c = 1 f would appear as c = 1024 f when viewed from the output. low impedance is a key requirement for powering a high- current, low-voltage load efficiently. a switching regulation stage should have minimal impedance while simultaneously providing appropriate filtering for any switched current. the use of a sac between the regulation stage and the point of load provides a dual benefit of scaling down series impedance leading back to the source and scaling up shunt capacitance or energy storage as a function of its k factor squared. however, the benefits are not useful if the series impedance of the sac is too high. the impedance of the sac must be low, i.e. well beyond the crossover frequency of the system. a solution for keeping the impedance of the sac low involves switching at a high frequency. this enables small magnetic components because magnetizing currents remain low. small magnetics mean small path lengths for turns. use of low loss core material at high frequencies also reduces core losses. the two main terms of power loss in the bcm module are: - no load power dissipation (p nl ): defined as the power used to power up the module with an enabled powertrain at no load. - resistive loss (r out ): refers to the power loss across the bcm module modeled as pure resistive impedance. p dissipated = p nl + p r out (10) therefore, p out = p in ?p dissipated = p in ?p nl ?p r out (11) the above relations can be combined to calculate the overall module efficiency: h = p out = p in ?p nl ?p r out (12) p in p in = v in ? i in ?p nl ?(i out ) 2 ? r out v in ? i in =1 ? ( p nl + (i out ) 2 ? r out ) v in ? i in c s sac k = 1/32 vin vout + ? v in v out c sac? k = 1/32 figure 16 ? sine amplitude converter? with input capacitor s
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 14 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 10.0 input and output filter design a major advantage of sac? systems versus conventional pwm converters is that the transformers do not require large functional filters. the resonant lc tank, operated at extreme high frequency, is amplitude modulated as a function of input voltage and output current and efficiently transfers charge through the isolation transformer. a small amount of capacitance embedded in the input and output stages of the module is sufficient for full functionality and is key to achieve power density. this paradigm shift requires system design to carefully evaluate external filters in order to: 1. guarantee low source impedance: to take full advantage of the bcm module?s dynamic response, the impedance presented to its input terminals must be low from dc to approximately 5 mhz. the connection of the bus converter module to its power source should be implemented with minimal distribution inductance. if the interconnect inductance exceeds 100 nh, the input should be bypassed with a rc damper to retain low source impedance and stable operation. with an interconnect inductance of 200 nh, the rc damper may be as high as 1 f in series with 0.3 . a single electrolytic or equivalent low-q capacitor may be used in place of the series rc bypass. 2. further reduce input and/or output voltage ripple without sacrificing dynamic response: given the wide bandwidth of the module, the source response is generally the limiting factor in the overall system response. anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the module multiplied by its k factor. this is illustrated in figures 11 and 12. 3. protect the module from overvoltage transients imposed by the system that would exceed maximum ratings and cause failures: the module input/output voltage ranges shall not be exceeded. an internal overvoltage lockout function prevents operation outside of the normal operating input range. even during this condition, the powertrain is exposed to the applied voltage and power mosfets must withstand it. a criterion for protection is the maximum amount of energy that the input or output switches can tolerate if avalanched. total load capacitance at the output of the bcm module shall not exceed the specified maximum. owing to the wide bandwidth and low output impedance of the module, low-frequency bypass capacitance and significant energy storage may be more densely and efficiently provided by adding capacitance at the input of the module. at frequencies <500 khz the module appears as an impedance of r out between the source and load. within this frequency range, capacitance at the input appears as effective capacitance on the output per the relationship defined in eq. 5. c out = c in eq. 6 k 2 this enables a reduction in the size and number of capacitors used in a typical system. 11.0 thermal considerations vi chip ? products are multi-chip modules whose temperature distribution varies greatly for each part number as well as with the input /output conditions, thermal management and environmental conditions. maintaining the top of the bcm352f110t300b00 case to less than 100 oc will keep all junctions within the vi chip module below 125 oc for most applications. the percent of total heat dissipated through the top surface versus through the j-lead is entirely dependent on the particular mechanical and thermal environment. the heat dissipated through the top surface is typically 60%. the heat dissipated through the j-lead onto the pcb surface is typically 40%. use 100% top surface dissipation when designing for a conservative cooling solution. it is not recommended to use a vi chip module for an extended period of time at full load without proper heat sinking.
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 15 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 bcm 1 r 0_1 z in_eq1 z out_eq1 z out_eq2 vout z out_eqn z in_eq2 z in_eqn r 0_2 r 0_n bcm 2 bcm n load dc vin + figure 17 ? bcm module array 12.0 current sharing the performance of the sac? topology is based on efficient transfer of energy through a transformer without the need of closed loop control. for this reason, the transfer characteristic can be approximated by an ideal transformer with a positive temperature coefficient series resistance. this type of characteristic is close to the impedance characteristic of a dc power distribution system both in dynamic (ac) behavior and for steady state (dc) operation. when multiple bcm modules of a given part number are connected in an array they will inherently share the load current according to the equivalent impedance divider that the system implements from the power source to the point of load. some general recommendations to achieve matched array impedances include: ? dedicate common copper planes within the pcb to deliver and return the current to the modules. ? provide as symmetric a pcb layout as possible among modules ? apply same input / output filters (if present) to each unit. for further details see an:016 using bcm bus converters in high power arrays . 13.0 fuse selection in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems vi chip ? modules are not internally fused. input line fusing of vi chip products is recommended at system level to provide thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure. the fuse shall be selected by closely matching system requirements with the following characteristics: ? current rating (usually greater than maximum current of bcm module) ? maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage) ? ambient temperature ? nominal melting i 2 t ? recommend fuse: 2.5 a bussmann pc-tron or 3.15 a soc type 36cfa. 14.0 reverse operation bcm modules are capable of reverse power operation. once the unit is started, energy will be transferred from secondary back to the primary whenever the secondary voltage exceeds vin ? k. the module will continue operation in this fashion for as long as no faults occur. the bcm352f110t300b00 has not been qualified for continuous operation in a reverse power condition. furthermore fault protections which help protect the module in forward operation will not fully protect the module in reverse operation. transient operation in reverse is expected in cases where there is significant energy storage on the output and transient voltages appear on the input. transient reverse power operation of less than 10 ms, 10% duty cycle is permitted and has been qualified to cover these cases.
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 16 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 inch mm notes: 1. dimensions are . 2. unless otherwise specified, tolerances are: .x / [.xx] = + /-0.25 / [.01]; .xx / [.xxx] = + /-0.13 / [.005] 3. product marking on top surface dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com inch mm notes: 1. dimensions are . 2. unless otherwise specified, tolerances are: .x / [.xx] = + /-0.25 / [.01]; .xx / [.xxx] = + /-0.13 / [.005] 3. product marking on top surface dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com 15.2 bcm module j-lead package recommended land pattern mm ( inch ) 15.1 bcm module j-lead package mechanical drawing
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 17 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 top view ( component side ) bottom view notes: 1. dimensions are 2. unless otherwise specified tolerances are: x.x [x.xx] = ?.25 [0.01]; x.xx [x.xxx] = ?.13 [0.005] 3. rohs compliant per cst-0001 latest revision dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com inch ( mm ) . notes: 1. dimensions are 2. unless otherwise specified tolerances are: x.x [x.xx] = ?.25 [0.01]; x.xx [x.xxx] = ?.13 [0.005] 3. rohs compliant per cst-0001 latest revision dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com inch ( mm ) . recommended hole pattern ( component side shown ) 15.4 through-hole package recommended land pattern 15.3 through-hole package mechanical drawing
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 18 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 notes: 1. maintain 3.50 (0.138) dia. keep-out zone free of copper, all pcb layers. 2. (a) minimum recommended pitch is 39.50 (1.555). this provides 7.00 (0.275) component edge-to-edge spacing, and 0.50 (0.020) clearance between vicor heat sinks. (b) minimum recommended pitch is 41.00 (1.614). this provides 8.50 (0.334) component edge-to-edge spacing, and 2.00 (0.079) clearance between vicor heat sinks. 3. vi chip module land pattern shown for reference only; actual land pattern may differ. dimensions from edges of land pattern to push?in holes will be the same for all full-size vi chip products. 4. rohs compliant per cst?001 latest revision. (no grounding clips) (with grounding clips) 5. unless otherwise specified: dimensions are mm (inches) tolerances are: x.x (x.xx) = ?.3 (0.01) x.xx (x.xxx) = ?.13 (0.005) 6. plated through holes for grounding clips (33855) shown for reference, heat sink orientation and device pitch will dictate final grounding solution. 15.5 bcm mo dule recommended heat sink push pin location -in pc rsv tm + in -out + out -out + out bottom view a b c d e f g h j k l m n p r t 4 3 2 1 a b c d e h j k l m n p r t 15.6 bcm module pin configuration signal name designation +in a1-e1, a2-e2 ?in l1-t1, l2-t2 tm h1, h2 rsv j1, j2 pc k1, k2 +out a3-d3, a4-d4, j3-m3, j4-m4 ?out e3-h3, e4-h4, n3-t3, n4-t4
bcm ? bus converter rev 1.1 vicorpower.com page 19 of 19 07/2015 800 927.9474 bcm 352 x 110 y 300 b 00 vicor?s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density ac-dc and dc-dc modules and accessory components, fully configurable ac-dc and dc-dc power supplies, and complete custom power systems. information furnished by vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by vicor for its use. vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. information published by vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. testing and other quality c ontrols are used to the extent vicor deems necessary to support vicor?s product warranty. except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all pa rameters of each product is not necessarily performed. specifications are subject to change without notice. vicor?s standard terms and conditions all sales are subject to vicor?s standard terms and conditions of sale, which are available on vicor?s webpage or upon request. product warranty in vicor?s standard terms and conditions of sale, vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its standard specifications (the ?express limited warranty?). this warranty is extended only to the original buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date o f shipment and is not transferable. unless otherwise expressly stated in a written sales agreement signed by a duly authorized vicor signatory, vicor disclaims all representations, liabilities, and warranties of any kind (whether arising by implication or by operation of law) with respect t o the products, including, without limitation, any warranties or representations as to merchantability, fitness for particular purpose, infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right, or any other matter. this warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. vico r shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. buyers are responsible for their products and applications using vicor products and components. prior to using or distributing any products that include vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. for service under this warranty, the buyer must contact vicor to obtain a return material authorization (rma) number and shipping instructions. products returned without prior authorization w ill be returned to the buyer. the buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. life support policy vicor?s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express prior written approval of the chief executive officer and general counsel of vicor corporation. as used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant inj ury to the user. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. per vicor terms and conditions of sale, the user of vicor p roducts and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies vicor against all liability and damages. intellectual property notice vicor and its subsidiaries own intellectual property (including issued u.s. and foreign patents and pending patent applications ) relating to the products described in this data sheet. no license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual p roperty rights is granted by this document. interested parties should contact vicor's intellectual property department. the products described on this data sheet are protected by the following u.s. patents numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187, 263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; d496,906; d505,114; d506,438; d509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965. vicor corporation 25 frontage road andover, ma, usa 01810 tel: 800-735-6200 fax: 978-475-6715 email customer service: custserv@vicorpower.com technical support: apps@vicorpower.com

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