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page 1 rf m 69 w rf m69w is m t r ans c ei ve r mo dul e v 1 . 2 general description t he RFM69W i s a tr a nsc ei ve r module ca p a ble of o p er a t i o n ove r a wid e fr e qu e nc y r an g e , i n cl u din g th e 315, 4 33, 8 6 8 a nd 91 5 mh z lic e nse - f r e e is m (i nd u st ry sc i entifi c a nd m e dical ) f r eq u e n c y ba n ds . all major rf co m mu n ic a ti on p a r am e t e r s a re p r o g r a mma ble a nd m o s t of th em c an b e dyna m ic a ll y s e t . th e RFM69W o f f e r s t he u niq ue a d v a n t a ge o f p r og r am m abl e na r r o w - b a n d a n d wid e - b an d c o mm u nicatio n mo d e s th e RFM69W i s o p ti mi z ed fo r low p owe r co n s u mptio n whil e o f f e rin g hi g h r f outp ut p o w er a nd ch a nn e lize d o p e r atio n. compliance e tsi and fcc regulation s . in order to better use RFM69W modules, this specification also involves a large number of the parameters and functions of its core chip rf6 9 's, including those ic pins which are not leaded out. all of these can help customers gain a better understanding of t he performance of RFM69W modules, and enhance the application skills. key product fe a tures ? + 13 dbm power output capability ? high sen s itivity : down to - 120 dbm at 1 . 2 kb p s ? high sele c tivit y : 16 - t a p fir c hannel filter ? bullet - p r oo f f r o nt e nd : iip 3 = - 1 8 db m , iip 2 = +3 5 d b m, 8 0 db bl o ckin g i m mu ni t y , n o im a g e f r e q ue n c y r espo n se ? l ow c u r r e n t: rx = 16 m a, 1 0 0 n a re gis t er r e t e n ti o n ? pr o g r amm a bl e po ut: - 18 t o + 13 db m i n 1 d b ste p s ? cons t a nt r f p e rfo r ma n c e ov e r vol t a g e r an ge o f module ? f sk bit r a t es up t o 3 0 0 k b /s ? fu lly i n t e g r a t ed s yn t h e si z er wi t h a r e s ol u ti o n of 6 1 hz ? fsk, gfsk, msk, gmsk a n d o o k mo d u l a tio n s ? b u ilt - in bit s y n c h r o n iz e r p e r f o r mi n g cl o ck r e c o ve r y ? i ncoming s y nc w o rd recognition ? 1 15 db+ dynamic range rssi ? automa t ic rf s ense wi t h ultra - fast afc ? packet engine with crc - 16, aes - 128, 66 - byte fifo ? built - i n te m pe r atu re se n s or ? module size:19.7x16mm applic a t ions applications ? auto m ate d m e t er ea d ing ? wireless sensor n etwor k s ? homeand building automation ? wir e les s ala rm a nd secu ri t y systems ? ind u st ri a l mo ni tori ng a nd contr ol ? wireless m - bus ordering info RFM69W t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 2 rf m 69 w t a ble of con t en t s page 1. general descrip t ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 8 1 . 1. simpli f ied block diagram . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . . ......... 8 1 . 2. pin and marking diagra m . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . 9 1 . 3. pin descrip t ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. ..... .. 10 2. electrical chara c teris t ic s .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . 11 2 . 1. esd notic e .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . 11 2 . 2. absolute maximum r a t in g s .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . 11 2 . 3. operating rang e . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . 11 2 . 4. module spec i f ica t ion . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ..... . .. . .. . ..... . .. 12 2.4.1. p ower con s umption ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 12 2.4.2. frequency synthe s i s .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 12 2.4.3. r e c eiver . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... .. 13 2.4.4. transmit t er . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 14 2.4.5. d igi t al s pecifi c a t ion ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 1 5 3. module descrip t i o n .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . 16 3 . 1. power supply stra t eg y . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... .. 16 3 . 2. frequen c y s y nthesi s . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... .. 16 3.2.1. r e f erence o scillator ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 16 3.2.2. c lk o ut ou tput . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . 1 7 3.2.3. p ll arc hite c ture .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 17 3.2.4. lock time ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... .. 18 3.2.5. lock de t e c t i ndicato r .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 18 3 . 3. tran s mi t ter d e s cription .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . 19 3.3.1. a rchitecture d e s cription . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 19 3.3.2. b i t rate set t ing . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 19 3.3.3. fsk modulation . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 20 3.3.4. oo k modula t ion .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 20 3.3.5. modulation s hapin g . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... .. 21 3.3.6. p ower ampli f iers . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . 21 3.3.7. h igh power se t tings .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 22 3.3.8. ou tput p ower summary . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. .. . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 22 3.3.9. o ver current protection . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 22 3 . 4. receiver d e s cription . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. 23 3.4.1. b l ock diagram .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 23 3.4.2. lna - s ingle to di f ferential buf f er . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 23 3.4.3. a utoma t ic ga in c ontrol . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 24 3.4.4. c ontinuous - time da g c . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 25 3.4.5. qu adrature mixer - a dcs - de c imator s . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 26 3.4.6. c hannel filter . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 26 3.4.7. d c c ancella t ion .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 27 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 3 rf m 69 w 3.4.8. c omplex filter - o ok . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 27 3.4.9. r ssi . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 27 3.4.10. cordic . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 28 3.4.11. fsk d emodula t or . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 2 9 3.4.12. o ok demodulator . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 29 3.4.13. bit synchroni z er . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 3 1 3.4.14. frequen c y error indi c ato r .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 31 3.4.15. automatic frequen c y correction . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 32 3.4.16. o p t imi z ed setup for low m o dula t ion i ndex sy s tems .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... 33 3.4.17. temperature sensor . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 34 3.4.18. timeout func t io n .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 3 4 4. operating modes . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . .. . . ... 35 4 . 1. basic mode s . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 35 4 . 2. automatic s e quencer and wake - up times . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... 35 4.2.1. transmit t er star t up time . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 3 6 4.2.2. tx start procedure . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 36 4.2.3. r e c eiver star t up tim e . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 36 4.2.4. r x s t art p rocedure . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 38 4.2.5. op timized frequency hopping s equences . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 38 4 . 3 . li s ten mod e . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. .. . ... 39 4.3.1. timings . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 39 4.3.2. c riteria . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 40 4.3. 3. e nd of c ycle ac t ions .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 40 4.3.4. s topping listen mod e . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 41 4.3.5. r c timer a c curacy . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 41 4 . 4. automodes .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. .. . .. . .. . ... 42 5. data proces s in g .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. .. . .. . ... 43 5 . 1. o v erview .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. .. . .. . ... 43 5.1.1. b l ock diagram .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 43 5.1.2. d a t a opera t ion modes .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 43 5 . 2. con t rol block descrip t ion . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 44 5.2.1. s pi i nterfac e .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. .. . .. . ... 44 5.2.2. fifo . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. ... 45 5.2.3. s ync word r ecogni t ion . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 46 5.2.4. p ac k et handler . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 47 5.2.5. c ontrol . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . 47 5 . 3. digital io pins mappin g ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 47 5.3.1. d io pins mapping in c ontinuous mode .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... 48 5.3.2. d io pins mapping in pac k et mode .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 48 5 . 4. con t inuous mode . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 49 5.4.1. ge neral d es c riptio n . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . 49 5.4.2. tx processin g . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . 49 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 4 rf m 69 w 5.4.3. r x pro c e s sing .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 50 5 . 5. packet mode ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . . .. . . . . ... 50 5.5.1. ge neral d es c riptio n . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . . ... 50 5.5.2. p ac k et format .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 51 5.5.3. tx processing ( w ithout aes ) ................................ . ............... . ............... . ............... . ............ . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 53 5.5.4. r x pro c e s sing (w ith o ut aes) ........... . ............... . ................ . ............... . ............... . ............... . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 54 5.5.5. a es .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . ... 54 5.5.6. h andling large pac k e t s . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 56 5.5.7. p ac k et filterin g . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . ... 56 5.5.8. d c - free data mechani s ms . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 58 6. con f iguration and status regis t ers . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 60 6 . 1. general descrip t ion . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 60 6 . 2. common con f iguration regi s ters . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 63 6 . 3. tran s mi t ter r egis t e rs . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 66 6 . 4. receiver r egister s . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . 67 6 . 5. irq and pin mapping regis t er s ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 69 6 . 6. packet e ngine r egisters . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 71 6 . 7. tempera t ure sensor reg i s ters . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. 74 6 . 8. te s t registers . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 74 7. application information . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 75 7 . 1. crys t al r e s ona t or specification ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 75 7 . 2. reset of the module .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . 7 6 7.2.1. p o r .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... .. 7 6 7.2.2. manual reset . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. ... 76 7 . 3. referen c e design . . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 76 8. packaging information .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 7 7 8 . 1. package ou tline d rawin g . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 7 7 9 . order ing information .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 7 8 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 5 rf m 69 w index of figures p age figure 1. block d iagram .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. 8 figure 2. pin diagram ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. 9 figure 3. marking d ia gram . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. 9 figure 4. tcxo connection .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 16 figure 5. tran s mi t ter block diagram .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 19 figure 6. output power curves . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . ..... . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 22 figure 7. receiver block diag r am . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 figure 8. a g c thresholds set t ings . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 24 figure 9. rssi dynamic cur v e . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 28 figure 10. c ordic ex t raction .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 28 figure 11. oo k peak demodulat o r descrip t ion . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 29 figure 12. floor threshold o p t imi z a t ion ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 30 figure 13. b it s y nchronizer d e s cription . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 31 fi gure 14. fei process . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 32 figure 15. op timized afc ( a fclo w be t a o n=1) . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 33 figure 16. temperature sensor r espon s e .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 34 figure 17. tx star t up, fsk an d o ok . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 36 figure 18. r x s t artup - n o ag c , no afc .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 37 figure 19. r x s t artup - a gc, no afc . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 37 figure 20. r x s t artup - a gc and afc .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 37 figure 21. lis t en mode sequen c e (no wanted signal is received) .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... 39 figure 22. lis t en mode sequen c e (wanted s ignal is re c ei v ed) . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 41 figure 23. a uto modes of packet h andler . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 42 figure 24. RFM69W data proces s ing conceptual v i ew . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . ....... .. 43 figure 25. s pi timing d iagram ( s ingle a c cess) . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 44 figure 26. f i fo and shift regi s ter (sr) ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 45 figure 27. fifole v el irq source behavior . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 46 figure 28. s ync word r ecogni t ion .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 47 figure 29. c ontinuous mode concep t ual view .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. .. . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 49 figure 30. tx processing in con t inuous mode . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 49 figure 31. r x pro c e s sing in c ontinuous mode .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 50 figure 32. p ac k et mode con c eptual view . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 51 figure 33. fixed leng t h pa c ket format . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 52 figure 34. v ariable leng t h p ac k et format . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 52 figure 35. u nlimited leng t h pa c ket format . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 53 figure 36. c rc implementation ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 58 figure 37. man c hes t er encodin g/ decoding .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 58 figure 38. d a t a whi t ening .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 59 figure 39. p or timing diagram .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 75 figure 40. manual reset timing d iagram . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 76 figure 41. + 13dbm schematic . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 76 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 6 rf m 69 w figure 42. packaging outline drawing . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . .... 77 i n dex of t a bl e s page table 1. RFM69W pinou t s .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ....... . . .. . .. . .. . ... 10 table 2. absolu t e maximum ra t ings . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 11 table 3. o perating range . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 11 table 4. power c onsump t ion spe c ification . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 12 table 5. frequen c y s y n t hesizer speci f ication .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 12 table 6. receiver s pecifi c a t ion . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . ... 13 table 7. transmitter specifi c a t ion . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 14 table 8. digital spe c ification .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 15 table 9. bit rate examples . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 2 0 table 10. po w er ampli f ier mode s e le c tion tru t h table . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 21 table 11. high p ower settings .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 22 table 12. l n a g ain settings .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 table 13. recei v er per f ormance summary . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 25 table 14. available rxbw settings . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 26 table 15. available dcc cutoff frequencies . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 27 table 16. ba s ic transceiver modes . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 35 table 17. range of durations in listen mode .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .... 39 table 18. signal ac c eptan c e cri t eria in lis t en mode . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 40 table 19. end of lis t en c ycle ac t ions . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 40 table 20. status of f i fo when swit c hing between d iff e rent modes of the module . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . 46 table 21. dio mapping, continuous mode . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 48 table 22. dio mapping, pa c ket mode . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .... 48 table 23. regis t ers s ummary . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 60 table 24. common configuration regis t ers .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 table 25. transmit t er registers . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 66 table 26 . recei v er registers . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 67 table 27. irq and pin mapping r egis t ers . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 69 table 28. pa c ket engine registers .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 71 table 29. temperature s ensor r egis t ers ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 74 table 30. test regi s ters .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 74 table 31. cr y stal specification .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 75 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 7 rf m 69 w acronyms b o m bil l o f m ateria l s ls b lea s t si g nif i ca n t bit b r bi t rat e m s b m os t signif i ca n t bit b w band w i dt h n r z n o n r e tur n t o z ero cci t t comit con s ul t ati f in t e r nat i o n a l t lph o n iqu e e t t l g r ap h iq u e - i t u o o k on o f f k e y in g crc c y cli c r e dun d anc y c h e c k p a po w e r ampli f ier dac d igit a l t o a na l o g c onver t e r pc b printe d c irc u i t b o ard e t s i europe a n t ele c o m m u n ic a t i on s sta n dar d s inst i t ute p l l phas e - lo c ke d lo o p f cc feder a l c o m m u ni c at i o n s c o m mi s s i o n po r po w e r o n r eset fde v frequ e n c y d e v ia t io n r b w r eso l u ti o n ba n d w i dth fi f o firs t i n f i rs t o u t rf r adi o f r eq u ency fi r fini t e impu l s e r e sp o n s e r ss i r eceive d s ig n a l st r e ng t h in di cator f s frequ e n c y s y nth e si z e r r x r eceiver fs k frequ e n c y sh i f t ke y i ng s a w surfac e ac o us t i c w a v e g ui g r aphica l u s e r i n terf a c e sp i seria l p eri p her a l in t e rf a c e i c integr a t e d c irc u i t s r shif t re g is t er i d i d enti f i c a t o r st b y stand b y i f inter m e d i at e f r eq u e n c y t x t r ans m it t er ir q interr u p t re q u e s t u c m icro c ontr o ller i t u intern a t i o na l t el e c o m m un i cat i o n u n i o n vc o volta g e c ont r ol l e d o s ci l lator lfs r linea r f e e db a c k s hif t r eg i st e r x o cr y st a l o s c il l ator l na lo w n o is e a m pl i f ie r x o r e x clu s i v e o r l o loc a l o s ci l lator t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 8 rf m 69 w t h is p r o d u c t da t a s h e et c on t a i n s a d e t a il e d d e sc r ip t ion o f t h e RFM69W p e r f o rm a nc e a nd f u nction a lit y . 1. general description the RFM69W is a transceiver module ide a lly suited for tod a y' s high performance ism band rf a p plica t ions. i t i s inten d ed f or us e a s hi g h - pe r for m anc e, low - c o s t fs k an d oo k r f t r a n s c eive r f or r ob u s t fre q u e nc y a gile , h a lf - d u ple x bi - di r ecti o n al r f l i nks , a nd wh e r e s t abl e a nd cons t a n t r f p e rfo r ma n c e i s r e qui r e d ove r t he ful l o p e r a ti ng r an ge of th e d e vic e dow n to 1.8 v . t h e RFM69W i s inten d e d f or ap p lic a ti o n s ov er a wid e f r eq u e n c y r an g e , incl u din g t he 315mhz, 4 3 3 mh z , 8 68 mh z and 915mhz is m b a n d s . c o upl e d wit h a link budget in e x cess of 1 33 db, the advanced system features of the RFM69W include a 66 byte tx/rx fifo, c on fi g u r a b le a u t om atic p a ck e t ha n d l e r , li s t e n mo d e , t e mp e r a t u r e sensor and configura b le dios which greatly enhance system flexibility whilst at the s a me time significantly reducing mcu r e q u ir em e n t s. t h e RFM69W co m plie s wit h b o t h ets i a n d fc c r eg u lato ry r e q u ire m en t s 1.1. simplified block diagram fi g ure 1. block dia g ram t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 9 rf m 69 w 1.2. pin and marking diagram the following dia g r a m shows the pin arrangeme n t, top vie w . figure 2 . pin diagram t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 10 rf m 69 w 1.3. pin description t a ble 1 RFM69W pin o u t s number n a me t y p e d e sc r iption d e s c ri p ti o n s t an d a l o n e mo d e 1 reset i/o res e t tr i gg e r i n put 2 dio0 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 3 dio1 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 4 dio2 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 5 dio3 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 6 dio4 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 7 dio5 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 8 3.3v - su p p ly vol t ag e 9 gnd - gr o und 10 ana rf signal output /i nput. 11 gnd - gr o und 12 sck i spi c l ock i nput 13 miso o spi d a t a o u t p ut 14 mosi i spi d a t a i n put 15 nss i spi c h ip sel e ct in p u t 16 nc - co n n ect to gnd t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 11 rf m 69 w 2. elec trical characteristics 2.2. a b sol u te maximum ratings s tr e s s es a b o v e t he v a l u es list e d be low m a y c a u se p er m an e n t d e vic e fail u r e. exp o s u r e t o absol u te maxim um r ating s for extended periods may a f fect device reliabilit y . t a ble 2 absolute maximum rati n g s symbol des c ription min max unit vddmr su p ply v o l t age - 0.5 3.9 v t m r t emperature - 55 + 1 1 5 c tj ju n ct i on t e m p erature - + 1 2 5 c pmr rf in p u t l e v e l - + 6 d b m dc _ 13dbm d u ty cycle of tra n sm i ss i on at + 13dbm o u t p ut - 1 % vswr _ 13dbm maxim u m vswr at anten n a port - 3:1 - 2.3. operating ran g e t a ble 3 o p e rating range symbol de s c ription m in max u n it vddop sup p ly v o l t a g e 1.8 3.6 v t o p o p e ratio n al t e m p erature ran g e - 20 + 70 c clop lo a d c a p a ci t ance o n dig i t a l p o r t s - 2 5 pf ml rf inp u t lev e l - 0 dbm t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 12 rf m 69 w 2.4. module consu m ption t h e t a bl e s b e lo w gi v e th e electric a l spe c ific at ion s of t he t r ansceive r u nd er t he foll o win g c o nditi o ns : sup p l y v o l t a ge vb a t 1 = vb a t 2=vdd=3. 3 v , tem p e r atu re = 2 5 c , pout = +13dbm, 2 - level fsk modulation without pre - filte r ing , fda = 5 khz, bit rate = 4.8 kb/s a n d t e rmi n ate d i n a m atc h e d 5 0 o hm i m pe d ance , unl e s s o t h e r w i s e specified. note unless otherwise specified, the performances in t h e o t h e r f r e q u en cy b a n d s a r e si m ilar o r be tt e r . 2 .4.1. power consu m ption t a ble 4 power cons u m ption specification symbol d e sc r i p ti on conditions min t y p max unit id d sl s u pply current in sle e p m o de - 0 .1 1 u a id d i d l e s u pply current in idle mode rc osci l lator ena b led - 1.2 - ua id d st s u pply current in s t a n dby mode crys t a l oscill a t o r e n ab l ed - 1 .25 1 .5 ma id d f s s u pply current in synthesiz e r mode - 9 - ma id d r s u pply current in rec e ive m o de - 1 6 - ma id d t s u pply c u rr e n t in t ransmit mode w i th a ppro p riate m a tc h ing, s t a - b le across vdd r a nge rfop = + 1 3 dbm, on rfio pin rfop = + 1 0 dbm, on rfio pi n r f o p = 0 d b m , o n r f i o p in rfop = - 1 dbm, on rfio pin - - - - 45 33 20 16 - - - - ma ma ma ma 2 .4.2. fr e quency s y nthesis t a ble 5 frequ e ncy synt h esizer specification symbol des c ription con d it i o n s min t y p max unit fr sy n t h e sizer fr e que n cy r a n ge 315mhz module 433mhz module 868mhz module 915mhz module 290 424 862 890 340 510 890 1020 mhz mhz mhz mhz fxosc crys t al osc i llator fr e que n cy for all module - 32 - mhz ts_osc cry s t a l oscillator wake - up time - 2 50 500 u s ts_fs f re q uency synthesiz e r w a k e - up ti m e to plllock signal from s t an d by mo d e - 8 0 1 5 0 u s ts_hop fre q uency synthesiz e r h o p time at most 1 0 khz a way from t h e t a r g e t 200 khz step 1 mhz step 5 mhz step 7 mhz step 12 mhz step 20 mhz step 25 mhz step - - - - - - - 20 20 50 50 80 80 80 - - - - - - - us us us us us us us t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 13 rf m 69 w fstep f requency synthesizer step fstep = fxosc/2 19 - 6 1. 0 - hz frc rc oscil l ator fre q uency a f t e r ca l ibrati o n - 6 2 .5 - khz brf bit rate, fsk program m a ble 1 .2 - 3 00 kb p s bro bit rate, ook pro g ramm a b le 1.2 - 32.7 6 8 k b p s fda f re q uency dev i a tion, fsk pro g ramm a ble fda + brf/2 =< 5 00 khz 0.6 - 3 0 0 khz 2 .4.3. re c eiver all receiver tes t s are performed with r x b w = 10 k hz (si n gle s ide b an dwi d t h ) as p r o g r a mme d in reg r xb w , receiving a pn15 sequence with a ber of 0.1% (bit syn c h r o n izer is e nabled ) , u n less oth e rwise specified. the lna imp e dance is set to 200 ohm s , by setting bit l n a z in in r e gl na t o 1. bl o c k ing t e s t s a re p e r f o r m e d wi t h a n u nm o du lat e d i n t e r f e r e r . th e wanted signal power for the blocking immunit y , ac r , i ip2, ii p 3 an d am r t e s t s i s s et 3 d b ab o v e th e n omi n a l s e nsitivity level. t a ble 6 r e c eiver sp e c i f ica t ion symbol d e scription con d it i o n s min t y p max unit r f s_f fsk se n s i t i vit y , hig h est l n a g a in fda = 5 k h z, br = 1.2 kb/s fda = 5 k h z, br = 4.8 kb/s fda = 40 k hz, br = 38.4 kb/s - - - - 1 18 - 1 14 - 105 - - - dbm dbm dbm fda = 5 k h z, br = 1.2 kb/s * - - 1 2 0 - d bm r f s_o ook s e nsitivit y , h igh e st lna g a in br = 4.8 kb/s - - 1 1 2 - 109 d bm c cr c o - c han n el re j e ct i o n - 13 - 10 - d b acr ad j acent cha n nel r e jection o f f se t = + / - 25 k h z o f f set = + / - 50 k h z - 37 42 42 - - db db bi blo c king immunity o f f set = + / - 1 m h z o f f set = + / - 2 m h z o f fse t = + / - 1 0 m h z - - - 66 71 79 - - - db db db blo c ki n g i mm u ni t y w a n t ed s i gnal a t sens i t iv i t y + 16db o f f set = + / - 1 m h z o f f set = + / - 2 m h z o f fse t = + / - 1 0 m h z - - - 62 65 73 - - - db db db amr am r e jection , am mod u lated i n t e rfer e r with 1 0 0% modu l ation d e pth, fm = 1 khz, s q uare o f f set = + / - 1 m h z o f f set = + / - 2 m h z o f fse t = + / - 1 0 m h z - - - 66 71 79 - - - db db db iip2 2 n d order inp ut i n t e rc e p t po i n t u n wanted ton e s are 2 0 mhz a b ov e t h e lo l o w e st lna g a in hi g hest l na g a in - - + 7 5 + 3 5 - - dbm dbm t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 14 rf m 69 w iip3 3 rd order input intercept point u n wanted ton e s are 1 m hz a n d 1.9 9 5 mhz a b ove t h e lo l o w e st lna g a in hi g hest l na g a in - - 23 + 13 - 18 - - dbm dbm b w _ssb si n g le side c h ann e l f i lt e r bw pro g ramm a b le 2.6 - 5 0 0 khz imr_ook image rej e ct i on in ook m o de w a n t e d s i gn a l level = - 1 0 6 dbm 2 7 3 0 - d b ts _ re re c eiv e r w a k e - up t im e , f rom p l l loc k ed s t ate to rxrea d y r x b w = 10 khz, br = 4.8 kb/s r x b w = 2 0 0 k h z, br = 100 kb/s - - 1.7 96 - - ms us ts _ re _ agc re c eiv e r w a k e - up t im e , f rom p l l l o ck e d s t ate, agc en a bl e d r x b w = 10 khz, br = 4.8 kb/s r x b w = 2 0 0 k h z, br = 100 kb/s - 3 .0 1 6 3 ms us ts_re_agc &afc r e c e iver wake - u p time, fr o m pll l o ck s t ate, agc a nd afc e nab l ed r x b w = 10 khz, br = 4.8 kb/s r x b w = 2 0 0 k h z, br = 100 kb/s 4.8 2 6 5 ms us ts_fei fei sampl i ng t i me r e ceiver is ready - 4 . t bit - - ts_afc afc r e spo n se t i me r e ceiver is ready - 4 . t bit - - ts_rssi rssi r e spo n se t i me r e ceiver is ready - 2 . t bit - - d r_rssi rssi d y n a mic ran g e agc ena b led m i n m a x - - - 1 15 0 - - dbm dbm * set sensitivityboost i n reg t est l n a t o 0x2 d t o r e duc e th e n ois e f l oo r i n t he r e c e iv er 2 .4.4. t r a nsmitt e r t a ble 7 t r a nsmitter s p ecific a tion symbol d e scription c o nd i ti o ns m in t y p max unit r f_ op rf o u t pu t p o w e r in 5 0 o h ms on r f io pin programmab l e with 1db ste p s max m i n - - +13 - 18 - - dbm dbm - rf_op rf o u tput p o w e r s t a b i l ity f r o m vdd = 2.4 v to 3.6v - +/ - 0.3 - d b phn t ra n s mitter p h ase no i s e 50 khz o f fset from c a rr i e r 86 8 / 915 m hz bands 434 / 315 m hz bands - - - 95 - 99 - - db c / hz acp t ra n s mitter adj a cent c h ann e l p o wer (m e a sured at 25 khz o f f - set) bt = 0 .5 . me a s u rement con d it i ons as defi n ed by en 3 00 22 0 - 1 v 2 . 1 .1 - - - 3 7 d bm ts_tr t ran s mitter wake up time, to the fi rst risi n g edge o f dc l k fre q ue n cy synthes i z e r e nab l ed, paramp = 1 0 u s, b r = 4 .8 kb/s. - 120 - u s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 15 rf m 69 w 2 .4.5. di g i t al s pe c ification conditio n s: t e mp = 25c, vdd = 3 . 3 v , fxosc = 32 mhz, u n less otherwise specified. t a ble 8 d igi t al s p ecification symbol de s c ription c o n dit i o ns min t y p max unit v ih dig i t al i nput level h igh 0.8 - - vdd v il dig i t al i nput level l o w - - 0 .2 vdd v oh dig i t al o u t p ut l e vel h i gh imax = 1 ma 0.9 - - vdd v ol dig i t al o u t p ut l e vel l o w imax = - 1 ma - - 0.1 vdd f sck sck freq u enc y - - 1 0 mhz t ch sck h igh time 50 - - n s t cl sck low time 50 - - ns t r is e sck rise time - 5 - n s t fall sck fall time - 5 - n s t setup mosi setup time from mosi ch a nge to sck ris i ng e dge 30 - - n s t hold m osi hold time from s c k rising edge to m o si ch a nge 60 - - n s t nsetup nss setup time from nss f a l l ing e d ge to sck risi n g e dge 30 - - n s t nhold nss h o ld time from s c k fal l ing e d ge to n s s risi n g e dge, normal mo d e 30 - - n s t nhigh nss h igh time betwe e n spi accesses 20 - - n s t _ d at a d a t a hold a nd se tup time 2 5 0 - - n s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 16 rf m 69 w 3. module descrip tion t h is se c ti o n d e sc r ib e s in d e p t h t h e a r c h ite c t u re o f t he RFM69W l o w - p o w e r , hi gh ly i n t e g ra ted t r a n s c e ive r . 3.1. power supply s t rategy t h e RFM69W em pl oy s a n adva n ce d p owe r sup p l y sc h em e, whic h provid e s s t able o p e r ating cha r acteristics over the full t e mp e rat u r e a nd vol t a ge r a n ge o f o p e rati o n . t hi s i n cl u d es t he full output power of + 13 d bm main t a ined from 1.8 to 3.6 v . t h e RFM69W ca n b e p owe r e d f r o m a n y low - n ois e vol t a g e so u rc e vi a pi n s vb a t 1 a n d vb a t 2 . d e cou p lin g c a p a cito rs s h oul d b e c o nn e cte d, a s s u gg e st ed i n th e r e f e r e nc e d esign , o n v r _ p a, v r_ d ig a n d v r_ a na p ins t o en s u re a c o r r e ct o p e r a ti on o f t he built - in v o l t a ge r e gul a t o rs. 3.2. frequency synthesis t h e lo g en e r a t ion on t h e RFM69W is b a s e d on a s t a t e - o f - the - a rt f r action a l - n pl l. t h e p ll i s f u ll y integ r ate d with automatic calibration. 3 .2.1. re f er e nce oscill a tor the crys t al oscillator is the main timing referen c e of the RFM69W . it is used as a reference f o r the frequency s y nthesizer a n d as a clock for the digi t a l processing. the xo s t artup time, ts_osc, depends on the actual x t al b e i n g c o n n e c t e d o n p i n s x t a a n d x tb. w h en u s ing t h e bu ilt - i n s e q u ence r , t he RFM69W optimize s th e s t a r t up tim e a n d a u tom a ticall y trig g e rs th e p ll whe n t he x o sign a l i s s t a b le . t o manua lly control the s t artup time, the u s er s hould either wait for ts_osc max, or monitor the signal clko u t which will only be made a v ailable on the output bu f fer when a s t able xo os c illation is achieved. a n ext e r n a l cloc k ca n b e u s ed t o r e pl a c e t he c r ys t al o sci l l a t o r , fo r ins t a n c e a ti g h t t o le r anc e t cxo . t o d o s o, bit 4 at a d d r e s s 0x59 should be set to 1, and the external clo c k has to be p r o vi de d on x t a. x t b s h ou ld be l e f t o p e n . t h e p e ak - p e ak am p lit u d e of t he in p u t sig n a l mus t n eve r e xc e ed 2.4 v . pl e a s e c o n s u lt y o ur t c x o s u p p lier f or a n a p p r o pri ate v a lu e of d e c o u p lin g ca p acito r , c d . xt a xtb t c xo 3 2 m hz nc op v cc v cc gnd c d figure 4. tcxo c o nnection t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 17 rf m 69 w f = xo s c 3 .2.2. clkout out p ut t h e r e fer e nc e f r e q ue n c y , o r a fr a ctio n of it , c an be p r ovide d on di o 5 b y m odifyin g bi t s c lk o ut in r egdiomapping 2 . t wo typical applic a t ions of the clkout o u tput inclu d e: ? t o provide a c lo c k output for a c om p anion processo r , thus s a ving the c o s t of an additio n al os c illato r . clkout can be m a d e a v a ila b le i n a ny o p e r atio n m o d e e xce pt sle ep mode and is a u tomatically enabl e d at power on r e set. ? t o provide an oscillator referen c e outpu t . mea s urement of the clkout signal ena b les s imple so f tware trimming of the initial cr y s t al tolerance. n o t e t o mi nimiz e th e c u r r e nt c onsu m ptio n o f t he RFM69W , ple a s e e nsu re t h a t t h e c l k o ut s ig n al is di s a b led w h en no t r e q u ire d. 3 .2.3. pll arc h itecture t h e f r e q ue n c y synth e size r g en e r a ti ng th e l o fre q u e nc y f or b ot h the r e ceiver and the transmitter is a fractional - n sigma - d e l t a p l l. t he p l l i n c o r p o r a t e s a t h i r d o r d e r lo o p c a p ab le of f a st a u t o - c a l i br ati on , an d it h a s a fa s t swit c hi n g - ti me . th e vc o an d th e loo p filt er ar e b o t h full y int e gr at ed , r em o vi ng th e n e e d f or a n ext e r n a l tig h t - tole r a n c e, hig h - q in d uct or i n the vc o t a n k cir c ui t. 3.2.3.1. vco t h e vc o r u n s a t 2, 4 or 6 time s th e r f f r e q u e nc y ( res p ectivel y i n th e 9 15 , 4 34 an d 31 5 m h z b a nds ) t o r ed u c e an y lo leakage in recei v er mod e , to improve the quadratu r e precision of the recei v e r , and to redu c e the pulling e f fec t s on the v co during transmission. th e vco cali b ration is fully a u tom a ted. a coarse adjustment i s c a r r ie d o ut a t p o w er o n r e s e t , a n d a fi ne tu ni n g is p e r f o r m e d e a c h tim e th e RFM69W pl l i s activated. automatic calibr a tion times a r e fully trans p arent to the e n d - u s e r , as their p r oce s sing time is inclu d ed in the ts _t e an d ts_re specifications. 3.2.3.2. pll bandwi d th t h e b an d wi d th o f t he RFM69W fr a ctio n al - n pl l i s wid e e n o u g h t o all o w fo r: ? hig h s p ee d f s k m o dul a t ion , u p t o 3 00 k b /s , insid e th e p ll ba n dwi d th ? v e r y f a s t pl l loc k ti m es , e n a b lin g b o t h s h o rt s t a r t up an d f a s t ho p tim es r e q uir ed fo r fr e q u enc y a gil e a pplic a ti o ns 3. 2.3.3 . ca r ri er f r eq u e n c y an d r e s o lution t h e RFM69W p ll em b ed s a 1 9 - bi t sig m a - del t a m o d u lato r a n d i t s frequency r e soluti o n , con s t ant o v er the whole frequency r a n g e, a nd i s gi v en by : f st e p --------- - ---- - - 2 19 t h e ca r ri er fre q u e nc y i s pr o g r am m e d th r ou gh reg f r f , spli t acr o s s a d dr es s es 0x 07 t o 0 x 0 9 : f r f = f ste p ? fr f (2 3 , 0 ) note the frf s etting is split acro s s 3 bytes. a c hange in the center frequency will only be t a k en into account when the lea s t signifi c ant b y te frfl s b i n r e gf rf ls b i s w r itt e n . t h i s all o w s fo r m or e co m ple x m od u latio n sc h em es suc h as m - a ry fsk , w h e re f r e q ue n c y m o dul a ti on i s a c hi eve d by ch a ngi ng t he p r o g ra m me d r f fr e qu e nc y . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 18 rf m 69 w 3 .2.4. lock t ime pll lock time ts _ f s i s a f u nct i o n o f a nu m be r of tech ni c al facto r s , such as synthe s ized frequenc y , frequency step, e t c. w h e n u si ng th e b u ilt - i n se q u e nce r , th e RFM69W o ptimize s t he s t art up ti me a nd a u t o maticall y s t a r t s t he r eceive r or the t r ansmitte r wh en t he pl l h as locked . t o m a n u all y co n t r o l th e s t a r t up tim e, th e us er s h oul d ei t h e r wai t f or ts_f s max given in the spe c ificatio n , or monitor the signal pll l ock dete c t indi c ato r , which is set when t h e pll has is within i t s locking r a n g e. wh e n p e r f o r m ing a n a f c, w h ich u s u a lly c o r r e c t s v e ry s m all f r e q u en cy e r r o rs, t h e p l l r e s p o n se ti m e is a pp r o xi m a t ely: = -------- - -- - - in a frequency hopping sch e me, t he timin g s ts_ho p given in the t able of specific a tions gi v e a n o r d er of ma g nitu de fo r the expected lock tim e s. 3 .2.5. lock dete c t indic a tor a loc k in di c a ti on sig n a l c an be m ad e avail a bl e o n som e o f the dio p i ns, and is toggled high when the pll reaches i t s l o cki ng r a ng e. ple a s e r e f er t o t a bl e 21 an d t a bl e 2 2 t o m ap thi s i n t e r r u pt t o th e d e si r e d pi ns. note the lock dete c t block may indicate an unlock condition (signal toggling low) when t h e transmitter is f s k modula t ed wit h l a r ge f r e q u e nc y d e vi at io n set tings. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 19 rf m 69 w = x o s c 3.3. t ransmitter descri p tion t h e tr a nsmitt er o f RFM69W c o mp ri se s th e f r eq u e n c y synt h esiz e r , mo d ul a t or a nd pow e r am p lifie r bl ocks. 3 .3.1. archit e cture descript i on lna r f i o r e ce i v e r ch a i n pa0 pa1 l ocal o sc ill at or p a _ b o ost pa2 f igure 5. t ransmitter block diagram 3 .3.2. bit ra t e setting w h e n usin g t he RFM69W i n co nt inu o u s m o de , th e d a t a str e a m t o b e t r a n s m it t ed c a n b e i n p u t di re ctly to t h e mo d u la t or via the dio2/d a t a pin i n an asy n c h r o n o u s m a nn e r , un l es s g a ussi an f ilte r in g i s us ed , i n wh i c h cas e t he dc lk sign a l on the d io1/dc lk pin i s u s ed t o synch r o n iz e t he da t a str e am . se e sectio n 3 . 3 . 5 f or de t a il s on t he g a ussi an filt e r . i n pack et mo de o r i n c o ntin u ou s m od e wit h g a ussi an filte r in g en a ble d ( r efe r t o sec t ion 5.5 for de t a ils), the bit r ate ( b r) is controlled by bi t s bitrate in regbitrat e : f b r --- - ------------- - - b i tra t e amongst others, the fo l lowing bit rates are accessible: t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 20 rf m 69 w t a ble 9 bit rate exam p les t y pe bitrate (15:8) bitrate (7:0) (g)fsk (g)msk ook actual br ( b/ s ) classic a l m o dem b a ud rates (m u lt i pl e s of 1.2 k b p s) 0x 6 8 0x 2 b 1.2 kb p s 1.2 kb p s 1 20 0 .0 1 5 0x 3 4 0x15 2.4 kb p s 2.4 kb p s 2 40 0 .0 6 0 0x1a 0x 0 b 4.8 kb p s 4.8 kb p s 4 79 9 .7 6 0 0x0d 0x05 9.6 kb p s 9.6 kb p s 9 60 0 .9 6 0 0x 0 6 0x83 19.2 kb p s 19.2 k b p s 1 9 1 9 6. 1 6 0x 0 3 0x41 38.4 kb p s 3 84 1 5. 3 6 0x 0 1 0xa1 76.8 kb p s 7 67 3 8. 6 0 0x 0 0 0 x d0 15 3 .6 k b p s 1 53 8 46.1 classic a l m o dem b a ud rates (m u lt i pl e s of 0.9 k b p s) 0x 0 2 0 x 2 c 57.6 kb p s 5 75 5 3. 9 5 0x 0 1 0x16 1 15.2 kb p s 1 1 5 10 7 .9 rou n d bit r a tes (m u lt i pl e s of 12.5, 2 5 and 50 kb p s) 0x0a 0x00 12.5 kb p s 12.5 k b p s 1 25 0 0. 0 0 0x 0 5 0x00 25 kb p s 25 kb p s 2 50 0 0. 0 0 0x 0 2 0x80 50 kb p s 5 00 0 0. 0 0 0x 0 1 0x40 1 00 kb p s 1 00 0 00.0 0x 0 0 0 x d5 1 50 kb p s 1 50 2 34.7 0x 0 0 0xa0 2 00 kb p s 2 00 0 00.0 0x 0 0 0x80 2 50 kb p s 2 50 0 00.0 0x 0 0 0x 6 b 3 00 kb p s 2 99 0 65.4 w a tch x t al fr e qu e ncy 0 x 0 3 0 x d 1 3 2. 7 68 kb p s 3 2 . 7 68 kb p s 3 27 5 3. 3 2 3 .3.3. fsk modula t ion fsk mo d ul a ti on i s pe r fo r me d insid e th e pl l b an d wi d t h , by cha n gi ng th e fr a cti o na l divid e r rati o i n t he f e e d bac k lo op o f the p l l . t h e la r g e r esoluti on of th e sigm a - d el t a m o dul a t o r , a llo w s f or v e r y n a r r ow f r e qu e nc y d e vi at ion . th e fr e qu e ncy d e vi a ti o n f d ev is gi v en b y: no t e n o c o ns t r a int a p p li e s to t he mo d u la t ion i nd ex of t h e t r a n s m it t e r , b ut t h e f r e q u en cy d e vi a ti o n m u st e x c e ed 6 00 h z. 3 .3.4. ook modul a tion oo k m od u latio n i s a p p lie d b y switchin g o n an d o f f th e p o w e r am p lifi e r . d igi t a l c o n t r o l a n d s m oo t h ing a r e a v a ila b le t o i m p r ov e t he tr a nsien t p o w er r e s p o n s e of th e oo k t r a n s m itte r . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 21 rf m 69 w 3 .3.5. modul a tion shapi n g m od u latio n sh a pin g ca n b e a ppli e d i n b ot h oo k an d fs k m od u latio n m o des , t o imp r ov e t he na r r o wba n d r esp o ns e o f the t r ansmitte r . b o t h sh a pi ng f e atu r e s a r e co nt rol l e d wit h paramp bi t s in r e g p ar am p . ? in f sk mo d e , a ga u s si a n f ilt e r w ith bt = 0 . 3, 0 . 5 or 1 is u s ed to f ilt e r t he mo d u la t ion s tr e a m, a t t h e i n p u t o f t h e sig ma - d el t a m o du l ato r . i f th e gaussia n filte r i s en a bl ed w h e n th e RFM69W i s i n c ontinuous mod e , dclk sign a l on the d io1/ d clk pin w ill trigger an interrupt on the uc each time a new bit has to be transmitted. p l ease refer to section 5.4.2 fo r de t a ils. ? when ook modulation is used, the p a bias vol t ages a r e r a mped up and down smoothly when the p a is tur n ed on and o f f, to reduce spectral splatte r . n o t e th e tr a nsmitt er m u s t b e r es t a r t ed i f th e p a r a m p settin g i s ch a n g ed , i n o r d er t o rec a l ibr a t e t he bu i lt - in filt e r . 3 .3.6. power amplif i ers t h r e e p o w er a m plifie r bl ock s a re em b e d de d i n t he RFM69W . t h e fi rst o n e , h e r ei n r efe r re d t o as p a 0 , ca n g e ne r at e u p to + 13 db m int o a 5 0 oh m l o ad . p a0 sha r e s a c o mm on f r o n t - e nd pi n rfi o wit h t he r e c e iv er lna. ? a l o w po wer mo d e , wh er e - 2 d b m < p ou t < 13 d b m , w ith p a1 e na bl e d all p a settings are controlled by regp a leve l , and the truth t able of settings is given in t able 1 0. t a ble 1 0 power amplifi e r mo d e sel e cti o n t ruth t able pa0on pa1on pa2on mode po wer range pout formula 1 0 0 p a0 output on pin r f io - 18 to +13 d bm - 18 dbm + outpu t power ot h e r c o m b inati o ns res e rv e d notes - t o ensu r e cor r e c t operation at the highest power lev e ls, please make sure to adjust the over c ur r e n t protection limit accor d ingly in reg o cp, n ot u s ed (+1 3 db m a p plicatio ns a nd less) , t he pi n ca n be le f t floati n g. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 22 rf m 69 w p o u t o n pa 0 [ d b m ] p o u t o n pa 1 [ d b m ] p o u t o n pa 1 +pa 2 [ d bm ] p o u t o n p a 1 + p a 2 wi t h 2 0 d b m s e tt i n g s [ d b m ] p ou t [d b m ] 3 .3.8. output p o wer sum m ary the cur v es b e low summarize the p o ssible p a options on the RFM69W : p o u t vs . p r o g r a m me d p o w e r 22 18 14 10 6 2 - 2 - 6 - 1 0 - 1 4 - 1 8 - 2 2 - 1 8 - 1 4 - 1 0 - 6 - 2 2 6 1 0 1 4 1 8 p r o g r a m m e d p o w e r [ d b m ] fi g ure 6. out p ut power curves 3 .3.9. over current protecti o n an over cur r e n t protection block is built - in the module . it h el p s p r eve n tin g s u rg e cu r re n t s r e qui red when the transmitter is used at i t s hi g h e st p ow e r l e v e l s , t h u s p r o t e c ti n g t h e b a tt e ry t hat may p o wer the applica t ion. the cur r e n t clamping va l ue is c o ntr o lle d b y o c p t ri m bi t s in regoc p , and is calculated with the fol lo w ing formula: ima x = 45 + 5 ? ? ? note imax se t s a limit on the current drain of the pow e r amplifie r o nl y , he n c e t he maxim um c u r r e nt d r ai n of the RFM69W is equal to imax + i fs t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 23 rf m 69 w d e c i m a t o r p r o c e s s i ng 3.4. receiver descripti o n t h e RFM69W f e atu r e s a di gi t a l r ec eive r wit h t he an a lo g t o d i gi t a l c o nve r si on p r oces s b e i ng performed directly following t he lna - mix e r s bl ock . t he ze r o - i f r e c e iv er i s a b l e t o h a n d le ( g ) f sk a nd ( g ) m sk mo d u l a tio n . a s k a n d oo k m od ul a ti o n is, h o w ev e r , d em o du lat e d by a l o w - i f a r c h i t e c t u r e . all t h e fil te r in g, d em o dul a t ion , g a i n co n t r ol , sy nc hr o nizatio n a nd p acket h a n d li n g is p e r f o r m e d di g i t all y , which allows a very wide range of bit r a tes and frequency d e viatio n s to be selecte d . the r eceiv er i s al s o ca p a bl e o f a u t o m atic gain calibration in order to i mp r ov e p r ecisio n o n rss i m easu r e m en t s. 3 .4.1. bl o ck diagram r x c a l i b r a t i o n r e f e r en c e r f i o f r o m p a 1 ln a s i n g l e t o d i f f e r en t i a l mi x e r s ? ? ? ? m od u l a t o r s c hannel f i l t e r dc c an c e l l at i on c o m p l e x f i l t e r c o rd i c p ha s e o u t p u t m od u l e o u t put r s s i f s k d e m odu l a t or o o k d emodu l a t or lo c al o s c i l l a t or a f c b y pa s s e d i n f s k a g c figure 7. receiver block di a gram the following sections give a brief d e scription of e a ch of the receiver blocks. 3 .4.2. lna - sin g le to different i al buffer t h e l n a us es a co m mo n - g at e t o p o log y , whic h all o w s fo r a f l at ch a r a cte ri sti c ove r t he wh ole f r e q ue n c y r an g e . i t is d esig n e d t o h a v e a n i n pu t imp e d a nc e o f 5 0 o h m s o r 2 0 0 ohm s ( as sel e cte d wit h bit l n azi n in r e g l na ) , and the p ar asitic ca p aci t ance at the lna inp u t port is can c e lle d wit h th e ext e r n a l r f c h oke . a sin g l e t o di f f e r e ntia l b u f f e r i s impl e me n te d to i m p r ov e t he secon d or d e r li n e a rit y of th e r eceive r . the lna gain, inclu d ing the single - t o - di f fe r ential b u f f e r , is p ro g r a mm a b l e ove r a 48 db dyn a mi c r a ng e, an d cont r o l i s ei t h er m an u a l o r auto m ati c wit h t he em b ed d e d ag c functio n. note in the s pecific case where the lna g a in is manually set by the use r , the receiver w ill not be able to properly handle fs k si g nal s wit h a m od u lat io n i n d ex small er tha n 2 at an input p o wer g r e a ter than the 1db com p r e ssion point, t a b u lated in section 3.4.3. t a ble 1 2 lna gain settings lnagainselect lna gain ga i n sett i ng 0 0 0 any of the b e lo w , s e t by t h e agc lo o p - 0 0 1 m a x g a in g1 0 1 0 max g a in - 6 db g2 0 1 1 max ga i n - 12 d b g3 1 0 0 max ga i n - 24 d b g4 1 0 1 max ga i n - 36 d b g5 1 1 0 max ga i n - 48 d b g6 1 1 1 r e s e r v e d - t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 24 rf m 69 w 3 .4.3. aut o matic gain control by default ( l n ag ai ns el ec t = 0 0 0 ), the lna gain is c ontrolled by a digi t a l agc lo op i n o r d er t o ob t ain th e o p t i ma l sensitiv i ty/ l i nearity trade - o f f. re ga r d le s s of t h e d a t a t r a n s f er m od e ( pa c ket or c o n t in u o u s ) , th e f o llowin g s e ri es of even t s t a k es plac e w h e n th e r e ceiver is enabl e d : ? the receiver s t ays in w ait mode, until r s si v a lue exceeds rssit h r e shold f or t wo c o n s ec u ti v e sa mp le s . i t s p o w er co n s u mpti on i s th e r eceive r p owe r c o nsum p ti o n. ? when this condition is satisfied, the receiver automatically sele c t s the most s ui t able l n a gain, optimizing the sensiti v i t y/ li n ea r it y tr a de - o f f. ? t he p r o g r a mme d ln a g ai n, r ea d - a cc e ssibl e wit h l nacu r r e ntg a i n in re g ln a , i s car r ie d o n fo r t he whol e d u r atio n of the p a cket, until one of the follo wi ng conditions is fulfilled: ? packet mode: if autorx r e s t art o n = 0, the lna gain will remain the s ame for t h e reception of the followi ng p a c ket. if a u t o r x re s t a r t on = 1 , a f ter the controller has empti e d the fifo the receiver will re - enter the w ait mode described above, a f ter a del a y of inter p ac k e t rxdela y , allo w ing f or the di s t ant transmitter to r am p d own , he n c e av oidi n g a false rssi d e t e c t io n . i n b o th c a s e s (a u t o rx r es t a r t o n = 0 or a u t o rx r es t a r t o n = 1 ) , t he r e c ei v er c a n al s o r e - e n t er t h e wa i t m o d e by settin g restartrx bit t o 1 . th e u s er ca n d e cid e t o d o so , t o m an u all y lau n c h a ne w ag c pr oc ed u r e. ? continuous mode: upon reception of valid d a t a, the user can decide to e i t h e r leav e t he r eceive r e n abl e d wit h th e s a me l n a g a in , or t o r es t a rt th e p r oce d u r e , by setti ng r e s t a r trx bit t o 1, resuming the w ait mode of the r e ceive r , d e scribed a bove. n o t es - th e ag c p r oce d u re mus t be p e rfo r me d w h il e r e c e ivi ng p r e a mbl e i n f s k m o de - in ook mode, the agc will give better resul t s if performed while receiving a cons t ant 1 sequen c e the follo w ing figure illustrates the agc behavior: t o w a r d s - 1 2 5 d b m 16db 7db 11db 9db 1 1 db pin [ d b m] g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 h i gher sen si t i v ity low e r li n ear i t y l o wer no is e fi g ure l ower sen s i t i v ity hi g her l i ne a r i ty h i gher n oi s e f i gure figure 8. agc thresholds settings t h e foll o wi ng t a ble s u mm a rize s t he p e rfo r ma n c e (t y p ica l fi g u r es ) o f t he com p let e r e c e iv e r : t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 25 rf m 69 w t a ble 1 3 r e ceiver per f orma n c e summ a ry i n p u t p o wer pin gain setting r e ceiver pe r for m a n c e (t y p ) p - 1 db [ d bm] nf [db] iip3 [ d bm] i i p2 [dbm] pin < ag c thresh1 g1 - 3 7 7 - 18 +35 agcthresh1 < p i n < a g cthr e sh2 g2 - 3 1 1 3 - 15 + 4 0 agc thresh2 < p i n < a g cthr e sh3 g3 - 2 6 1 8 - 8 +48 agcthresh3 < p i n < a g cthr e sh4 g4 - 1 4 2 7 - 1 +62 agcthresh4 < p i n < a g cthr e sh5 g5 > - 6 3 6 + 1 3 + 6 8 agcthresh5 < p i n g6 >0 4 4 + 2 0 + 7 5 3.4.3.1. rssit h reshold setting f o r corr e ct operation of the agc, r s sithre s ho ld in regr s sithre s h must be set to the sensi t ivity of the receive r . the receiver will remain in w ait mode until r ssithreshold is e x c e e d e d . no t e w he n afc is e n a b l e d a n d p e r f o rm ed a u t o ma tic a lly at t h e r e c e iver s t a r t u p, t h e c h a n n e l f ilt e r u s e d by t h e r e c e iv e r during the afc and the agc is rxbwafc instead of the s t an d ard r x bw s etting. this may im p a c t the sensiti v ity of the r e ceive r , and the setting of rssithreshold accor d ingly 3.4.3.2. agc reference t h e ag c r e f e r e nc e leve l i s auto m atic a ll y co m pute d i n t he RFM69W , acco r di ng t o: ag c r e f e ren ce [ d bm ] = - 1 74 + n f + dem o dsn r + 1 0.log ( 2* rxb w ) + f a dingm ar gi n [ db m] with: ? nf = 7db : ln a ? s n oi s e figure at maximum gain ? de m ods nr = 8 db : snr needed by the demodulator ? rxbw : si n gl e sid e ba nd c h a n ne l filte r b a n d wi d th ? f a di n gm a r g i n = 5 d b : fa di n g m a r g in 3 .4.4. co n tinuous - t ime dagc i n a d ditio n t o t he auto m ati c g a i n c o ntr ol d esc ri b ed i n secti on 3. 4 . 3, t he RFM69W i s c a p a bl e of continuously adjusting i t s g a in in the digi t a l d o main, a f ter the analog to digi t a l conversion h a s occured. this fea t u r e, n a med dagc, is fully t r ans p a r e nt t o t he e nd use r . t he di gi t a l g a i n adj u stm e n t i s r ep e ate d e v e r y 2 bi t s, a n d h as th e foll o win g b e nefi t s: ? f u ll y tr a ns p a r en t t o t he en d us er ? im p rov es th e fa di n g m a r g i n o f th e rec e iv er d u ri ng t he r e c eptio n of a p a cket, even if the g a in of the lna is fro z en ? imp r oves the r e ceiver r o b u stn e ss in fast fading signal con d i t ions, by q u ickly adjusting the r e ceiver g a in ( e very 2 bi t s ) ? w o rks in continuous, packet, and unlimited len g th packet modes t h e dag c i s e n ab l e d b y s e tti ng r e g t estd a g c to 0x20 for low modulation index sy s tems (i . e. when a fc l o w be t ao n =1, r efe r t o s e ctio n 3 . 4. 16 ), a n d 0x3 0 f or oth er sys t ems. it is recommended to always e n a b le the dagc. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 26 rf m 69 w 3 .4.5. quadrat u r e mix e r - adcs - dec i mators t h e mixe r i s in s e rte d b e twe en outp ut o f th e r f b u f f er s t a g e and the input of the analog to digi t al conve r ter ( a dc) of the r e ceiver section. t h is blo c k is d e signed to translate the spectrum o f th e in p u t r f sig n a l t o b ase - b a nd , a n d o f f er b ot h hi gh iip 2 a nd iip 3 r espo n s e s. i n th e lowe r ba n d s o f o p er at io n ( 29 0 t o 51 0 mhz ), t he multi - phase mixing a r ch i t e c ture with weig h t ed phases imp r oves the r e jection of the lo harmonics in receiver mod e , hence inc r e a si n g t h e r e c e iv e r i mmu nity to out - o f - band i n terfe r ers. t h e i a n d q di gi t aliz atio n i s m ad e by tw o 5 t h o r d er c o ntin u ous - ti me si g ma - del t a an a l o g t o di g i t a l c o nve r t e r s (a dc ). t h eir g a in is n o t c o n s t a n t o v er t e mp e r a t u r e, bu t t he w h ole r e c ei v er is c a li b r a t e d b e f o re r e c e p t io n , so t ha t t h is i na cc u r a cy h as n o im p act on t h e r s si p re cisi o n. th e a d c o u t pu t is o ne bit pe r cha n n e l . i t n e e ds t o b e d ecim a t ed a n d filte r e d a f te r w a r d s . t h is ad c c an als o b e u s ed fo r tem p e r atu re me a s u r e me n t , pl e as e r e f er t o s e cti on 3.4.1 7 fo r mo re d e t ails. t h e d e cimato rs d ecr e as e t he sam p l e rat e of th e inc o min g s i g n a l i n o r d er t o o ptimiz e th e a r e a a n d p owe r co n s u mptio n of the f ollowing receiver blocks. 3 .4.6. ch a nnel fi l ter the r o le of the channel filter is to f ilte r ou t t he n o is e an d inte r f e r e r s ou t si de o f t he cha n nel . cha n n e l filtering on the RFM69W i s impl e me n t ed wit h a 1 6 - t ap fi nit e im p uls e resp o ns e (fir) filte r , providi n g an o u t s t a n d ing adjacent cha n nel r e jecti on p e rfo r ma n c e, e v en f or n a r r owb a n d a pplicati o ns. no t e to r e s p e ct o v e r s am pli n g r u les in t h e d e ci ma ti o n c h a in o f th e r eceive r , th e bi t r a t e c a nn ot b e s et a t a hi g he r v a lue than 2 times the single - s ide recei v e r b an d wi d t h (b it rate < 2 x rxb w ) t h e sin g le - si de c h a n ne l filt er b a n d wi d th r x bw is controlled by the p arameters rx b wmant an d rxbwexp in reg r xbw: ? when fsk mod u lation is enabl e d : ? wh en oo k m o d u latio n i s en a ble d : r xb w = - - ---------------- - ---- - f --- - x --- - o --- - s --- - c ------------ - ---------- - - rx b wman t ? 2 rxbw e x p + 2 r xb w = - - ---------------- - ---- - f --- - x --- - o --- - s --- - c ------------ - ---------- - - rx b wman t ? 2 rxbw e x p + 3 the follo w ing channel filt er b and w i d ths are ac c e s sible (o s cill a tor is mandated at 32 mhz): t a ble 1 4 a v aila b le rxbw settings rxbwmant (bin a ry/valu e ) r x bwe x p (decimal) rxbw ( k hz) fsk modulation t y pe=00 o ok modulation t y pe=01 1 0 b / 24 7 2 .6 1 . 3 0 1 b / 20 7 3 .1 1 . 6 0 0 b / 16 7 3 .9 2 . 0 1 0 b / 24 6 5 .2 2 . 6 0 1 b / 20 6 6 .3 3 . 1 0 0 b / 16 6 7 .8 3 . 9 1 0 b / 24 5 1 0 . 4 5 .2 0 1 b / 20 5 1 2 . 5 6 .3 0 0 b / 16 5 1 5 . 6 7 .8 1 0 b / 24 4 2 0 . 8 10.4 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 27 rf m 69 w 0 1 b / 20 4 2 5 . 0 12.5 0 0 b / 16 4 3 1 . 3 15.6 1 0 b / 24 3 4 1 . 7 20.8 0 1 b / 20 3 5 0 . 0 25.0 0 0 b / 16 3 6 2 . 5 31.3 1 0 b / 24 2 8 3 . 3 41.7 0 1 b / 20 2 100.0 50.0 0 0 b / 16 2 125.0 62.5 1 0 b / 24 1 166.7 83.3 0 1 b / 20 1 200.0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 b / 16 1 250.0 1 2 5 .0 1 0 b / 24 0 333.3 1 6 6 .7 0 1 b / 20 0 400.0 2 0 0 .0 0 0 b / 16 0 500.0 2 5 0 .0 3 .4.7. dc canc e llation dc c ancellati on is required in z e r o - i f a r c h it e ct u re t r a n s c e i v e r s t o r em ove an y d c o f fse t g en e r a t e d thr o u gh s e lf - r ecepti o n. it is built - in the RFM69W and i t s a d jus t a b le cuto f f frequency f c is controlled in regrxb w : t a ble 15 a v ailable dcc cutoff frequencies d ccfreq i n regrxbw fc in % of rxbw 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 8 010 (defa u lt) 4 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 .5 1 1 0 0 .2 5 1 1 1 0 .125 t h e d efa ult va l u e of dccfreq cuto f f f r e q ue n c y i s ty pi c a ll y 4 % o f th e rxb w (channel filter bw). the cuto f f frequency of the dcc can ho w e v er be increased to slightly i m prove the s ensitivit y , under wider modulation condition s . it is advi s ed to adjust the d cc setting while monitoring the re c eiver sen s itivit y . 3 .4.8. co m plex f i lter - ook in ook mode the RFM69W is modified to a low - if archite c tur e . the if f requency is a u tomatically set to h a lf the single side b a n d wi d th of the channel filter ( f if = 0 . 5 x r x b w ). the local o s cillator is automatical l y o f fset by the if in the ook receive r . a com p le x filte r i s im pl em e nte d on t he module t o att e nuat e t he r e s u ltin g i m a g e fr e q u enc y by typicall y 30 db. note this filter is a u tomatically by p assed when r e ceivi n g f s k sign a l s ( mo d ul a ti o n t y pe = 00 in r e gda t a mo d ul ). 3 .4.9. rssi t h e rss i bloc k e v al u a t es th e a m ou nt o f e n e r gy avail a ble within the receiver channel bandwi d th. i t s r e soluti o n is 0.5 db, a n d i t ha s a wid e dyn a mi c r a n g e t o accom m od a t e b ot h smal l a n d large signal levels that may be present. i t s acquisition time is very short, t a king o n ly 2 bit period s . the rssi sampli n g mus t occu r d u ri ng th e r e c e ptio n o f p r e a mbl e i n fs k , a n d cons t ant 1 reception in ook. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 28 rf m 69 w rs s i v a l u e [ d b m ] no t e - rs s i v al u e c a n o n ly b e r e a d w h en it e x c e e d s r ssi th r e s h old - th e r eceive r i s ca p a ble of a u t o mati c g a i n c a lib r ation , i n o r d e r t o i m p r o v e t h e p r e cisi o n o f i t s rssi me as ur e me n t s. th i s function injec t s a kno w n r f signal at the lna input, and calibrates the r e ceiver gain accordingl y . this calibr a tion is automatically performed d u ring the pll s t a rt - u p , m akin g i t a t r a n s p a r e nt p r oces s t o th e e n d - u s er - rss i accu r ac y d ep e nd s o n a l l c o mp o ne n t s loc a t ed betwe en t he a n t e nn a po rt a n d pi n rfio , a nd i s th e r e f o r e limited to a few db. board - level calibr a tion is advised to fur t h e r improve accuracy 0 . 0 r s si c h a r t - w i t h a g c - 2 0 . 0 - 4 0 . 0 - 6 0 . 0 - 8 0 . 0 - 1 0 0 . 0 - 1 2 0 . 0 - 1 2 0 - 1 10 - 100 - 90 - 8 0 - 70 - 60 - 50 - 4 0 - 30 - 20 - 1 0 0 p i n [ d b m ] figure 9. rssi dyn a mic curve 3 .4.10. c o rd i c the c ordic t a s k is to e x tract the phase and the amplitude of the modulation vector (i + j.q). this information, still in the di g i t al d om ain is u s e d : ? p h as e outp u t : use d by th e fsk d e mo d ul a t or a nd t he af c bl ocks. ? a m pli t u d e o u t p u t : u s e d by t h e rssi b lo c k, f or f sk d em o d u latio n , ag c an d a utom a ti c g a i n calib r atio n p u r pos e s . r e a l - t i m e m a g n i t u d e q ( t ) r e a l - t i m e p h a s e i ( t) figure 10. co r dic extraction t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 29 rf m 69 w 3 .4. 1 1. fsk d e modulat o r t h e fs k d e mo d ulat or of t he RFM69W i s d esig n e d t o d e mo d ul a t e fsk , gfsk , ms k a n d gms k m od u late d si g n al s . i t is m o st e f ficient when the mod u lation index of t he sign a l i s g r e a t er tha n 0 . 5 an d b el ow 1 0: 0.5 ? ? t h e o u t p u t o f th e fs k de m od u lato r ca n b e fe d t o th e bi t sy n c h r o n iz e r ( de sc r ib e d in s e c ti o n 3 . 4 . 1 3 ), t o p r o vi d e t h e c o m p ani o n p r ocesso r wit h a sy n c h r o no us d a t a st r e am i n c o ntin u ou s mo d e . 3 .4.12. ook d e modula t or t h e oo k d e mo d ulat or p e rfo r m s a com p a r iso n of th e rss i outp u t a n d a t h r e s h o ld v al ue . t h re e d i f f er e n t t h r e s h o ld mo d e s a r e av a il a bl e , co n fi gu r e d t h r o u g h bi t s o o kth r esh t y pe in regookpea k . the recommended m o de of operation is the "peak" thre s hold mode, illustrated in figure 1 1: r s s i [db m ] ? ? p eak - 6db?? t h r esh o l d ?? f loo r ?? t hre s h o l d d e f i n e d b y o o kf i x edth r e s h noise f l o or of re c e i v er t i me z o om de ca y in db as de f i n ed in o o k pea k th r e sh s t e p f i x ed 6 db di f fe r en c e pe r iod as de f in e d in o o k p ea k th r e s h d ec figure 1 1. ook peak d e mod u lator descripti o n i n pe ak t h r e s h ol d mo de th e c o m p a r i s on th r esh old l e v el i s th e p e ak v a lu e of t he rssi , r e d uce d b y 6 d b . i n t he a b senc e of an in p u t sig n al , o r d u ri ng t he r e c e ptio n of a lo gi ca l " 0 " , th e a c q ui r e d p e a k va l u e i s d ecr e me n t ed b y o n e ookpe a k t hr es h s te p e v e r y ookpe a kth r eshde c pe r io d. when the rssi o u tput is null for a long time (for ins t ance a f ter a lon g st ri n g o f "0 " r e ceived , or i f n o t r a n s m itt er i s p r ese nt), the peak threshold level will continue falling until it reaches the " f loor threshold", programmed in ookfixed t hr es h . t h e d e f a ul t settin gs o f th e oo k d em o dul a t o r le ad t o th e p e rfo r ma nce s t a ted in t h e el e c t ric a l specification. howeve r , in a p p lic a ti o n s i n whic h su d de n sig n a l d ro p s a re awaite d d u r i ng a r e c e p ti o n, t he t h r e e p a r a me t e rs s ho uld be o p ti m iz e d ac c o r d ingl y . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 30 rf m 69 w 3.4.12.1. optimizing the f loor thr e shold ookfixedthresh determin e s the sensitivity of the ook r e ceive r , as it s e t s th e com p a r iso n th r esho l d f or w e a k inp u t sign a ls (i.e. those close to the n o ise floor). significant sen s iti v it y im p rov e me n t s ca n be ge n e r ate d i f c o nfig u re d c o r r ectl y . n o t e th at th e n ois e floo r o f th e r eceiv er a t t he de m od u lato r inp u t d e p e nd s on: ? t he n oi s e fig ur e o f t h e r e c e ive r . ? t he g a i n o f t he r e c e iv e c h ai n fr om ante n n a t o b a s e ba n d. ? t he m a t c h ing - i n clu d i n g s a w f ilter if a n y . ? the bandwi d th of the channel filte r s. it is therefore imp o r t ant to n o te that the setting of oo kfixedthresh will be application dependant. the following procedure is recommended to optimize ookfixedthresh . s et RFM69W i n ook rx m o de a djust b i t r a te, chann e l f il t er b w d e f au l t ook f i xe dth r e s h s e t t i n g no in p ut s i gnal c o n t i n u o us m o de m o n i tor di o 2/d a t a p i n i n c r e m e n t ookf i x e d t h r e sh g li t c h a c t i vi t y on d a t a ? o p t i m iz a t i o n co m p l ete fi g ure 12. flo o r threshold op t imization t h e n e w flo or th r eshol d v a lu e fo u n d d u ri ng t h i s tes t s h oul d be use d fo r oo k r eceptio n w ith tho s e receiver s e t tings. 3.4.12.2. optimizing ook demodula t or fo r f a s t f a din g si g nals a s u dd en dr op i n sig n a l str e ngt h c an c a us e th e bi t e r r o r r a t e to i n c r e a s e . f or a p pli c a t io n s w h e r e t he ex pe ct e d s i gn al d r o p c an be e stim a t e d , th e f o llowin g oo k d e mo d ulato r p a r am e t e r s ookpeakt h r e s h st ep a n d ookpe a k t h r eshde c can be o ptimize d a s d esc ri b ed b elo w fo r a give n nu m be r of t h res h ol d dec r em e n t s p er bi t . refe r t o r e go o kp e a k to a c cess tho s e se t ting s . 3. 4.12.3 . alte r n a tiv e oo k d e mo d ul a t or th r es h old m o des i n a dditio n t o th e p e a k oo k thr e shol d m od e, th e u s er ca n al t e r n a ti v ely s e le c t t wo o t h e r ty pe s o f t h r e s h o ld d e t e c t o r s: ? fix ed th r esh ol d : t h e val ue i s sel e cte d th r o u g h ookfixedthresh ? a v e r a ge th r esh ol d : da t a s u ppli e d b y t he rss i bloc k i s ave r a g e d, a nd t h i s o pe r atio n m od e s h oul d o nl y b e us ed with dc - fr ee e n c o d ed da t a. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 31 rf m 69 w 3 .4.13. b i t synchronizer the bit synchroniz e r is a block that provides a clean a n d synchronized digi t a l o u tpu t , free of glitche s . i t s output is made av aila b le o n pi n dio1/dcl k i n co n ti n u o u s m o d e a nd c an b e d i sa bl e d th r ou gh r e gist er setti n gs . howeve r , fo r o ptimum r e ceiver performan c e i t s use when runni n g continuous mode is strongly advised. t h e bi t synch r o n iz er i s a uto m atic a ll y activ a t ed in pac k et mode. i t s bit rate is controlled by bitratemsb a n d bitratelsb in regbitrate. r a w d e m odul a t or out p ut (f s k or oo k ) b i ts y nc o ut p ut t o p i n d a t a and dclk in c on t in u ous m ode da t a d c lk f igure 13. bit synchronizer description t o e n s u re c o r r e ct o pe r a ti o n o f t h e bit s y n c h r o n iz e r , the fol l owing con d itions have to be satisfied: ? a preamble ( 0 x55 or 0xaa) of 12 bi t s is r e q u ired for synchr o nization (fr o m the r x ready interrupt) ? the subsequent p a yload bit stream m u st h a ve at least one transition form '0' to '1' or '1' to '0 e v e r y 16 bi t s during da t a transmission ? t he bi t r a t e m atc hi n g b etw e e n th e t r ansmitte r a n d th e r eceive r mus t be b e tte r t h a n 6. 5 %. notes - if the bit r ates of t r ansmitter and re c ei v er are known to be the s ame, the RFM69W w ill be able to receive an infinit e u nb a lanc ed s e qu e nc e ( al l 0 s or all 1s) w ith no restriction. - if there is a dif f erence in bit rate b e twe e n tx and rx, the amount of adja c e n t bi t s at the same level that the bitsync can withs t and can be estimated as follows: - this implies appro x imately 6 c on secut iv e un b al a nce d b yte s w h e n th e bi t r a t e pr ec isi on i s 1 % , whic h i s e asily achi e v a bl e (c rys t a l t o le r anc e i s i n t he r a ng e o f 50 t o 10 0 p pm ). 3 .4.14. frequen c y error in d icator this function provides information about the frequency error of the lo c al osc illator (lo) c om p ared with the carrier frequency of a modul a ted signal at the inp u t of the r e ce i v e r . when the fei bl oc k i s l a u n c h ed , th e f r e q ue n c y e r r o r i s me a s u r ed a nd the si g ne d r e s u l t i s l o ad ed i n fei v al u e i n reg f e i , in 2 ? s complement for m at. the time r e q u ired for an fei evalu a tion is 4 tim e s the bit p e riod. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 32 rf m 69 w sx 1 2 3 9 t o e nsu re a p r op er b e h a vi or o f t he fei: ? t he o p e r atio n m u s t b e d on e d u ri n g th e r ece p ti on o f p r ea m ble the frequency e r r o r , in hz, can be calculated with the following formula: RFM69W i n r x m o d e p re a m b le - m o d ul a t e d i n p u t s i g n al s i g n a l l e v el > s e n s i t i v i t y s et f e i s t art = 1 f e i d o ne no = 1 y es r e ad f e i v a l ue figure 1 4. fei process 3 .4.15. a u tomatic fr e quency c o rrect i on t h e af c i s b ase d on t he f e i block , a nd t h e r efo re t he s a m e inp u t sign a l a n d r e ceiver setting conditions a p pl y . when the a fc p r oced u r e i s d on e, afc v alue i s di r ectl y s u btr a cte d t o t he r e gi ste r th at d e fi n e s th e fr e qu e nc y o f o pe r atio n of t he module , f r f . t he a fc c a n be l a u n c he d: ? ea c h time the receiver is enabled, if afc a uto o n = 1 ? upon user reque s t, by setting bit afc s t a r t in r e ga fc fe i , if a f cauto o n = 0 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 33 rf m 69 w when the afc is automatically triggered ( afcautoon = 1 ) , the user h a s the option to: ? cle a r th e fo r me r a fc co r r e ctio n v a lue , i f af c au t o c le a r o n = 1 ? s t a r t th e af c e v al u a ti on fr om th e pr ev iousl y co r recte d f r e q ue n c y . this may be useful in sy s tems in which the lo k ee p s on dri f ting in the s a m e dir e ction. a g ein g c o mp e nsatio n i s a go od exa m ple. t h e RFM69W o f fe rs a n al t e r n at e r eceive r ba n dwi d t h s e ttin g du r in g t he af c ph a se , t o acc o mm o dat e l a r ge l o dr i ft s . i f the us e r c o n si d e r s t h at t h e r e c e iv e d s ig n al ma y be o u t o f t h e r e ceive r b a ndwi d t h, a hi gh er c h an n e l filte r b a ndwi d t h ca n be p r o g r am m e d in reg a fcb w , at the expense of the re c eiver noise floo r , which will im p a ct upon sen s itivi t y . 3 .4.16. opti m ized s e tup for low mo d ulation i ndex sy s tems ? f or wid e ba nd systems , w h e re af c i s usu a ll y n o t r e qui r e d (x t a l inaccur a cies do n o t typically im p a ct the sensitivity), it i s r e c o mm e nd ed t o o f fse t t he l o f r eq u enc y o f th e r eceiv er to avoid dese nsitiz a tion. t hi s c an b e sim p l y d o n e by m o difyin g frf in r e g f r f l s b . a good rule of thumb is to o f fset the r e c e iv e r ? s l o by 1 0% of t h e e x p e ct e d t r a n s m it t er f r e q u en cy d e vi a ti o n. ? f or n a r r o w ba nd systems , i t i s r ecom m en d e d t o p e rfo r m afc . t he RFM69W h a s a de d i cate d afc , e na b le d wh en afclowbe t aon in reg a fcctrl i s s et t o 1 . a fre q u e nc y o f fset , p r og r a m ma ble th r ou gh lowbe t aafc o ff s et in reg t estaf c , is added and is calcul a t ed as follows: o f fs et = l owbe t aa f co f f s e t x 4 8 8 hz t h e us er s h ou l d ensu re tha t t he p r og r am m e d o f fse t e xce e d s t he d c c a ncell e r ? s cuto f f f r eq u e n c y , s et th r ou gh d ccfreqafc in r e ga f cb w . rx tx rx & tx f e ivalue standard a f c afclowbet a on = 0 af cv alue f f rx tx t x rx f e ivalue opt im i zed a f c afclowbet a on = 1 af cv alue lowbet a a f c o ffs e t f f b e fo r e a f c a f t er afc f igure 15. optimized afc (afclowbe t a on= 1 ) a s sh o w n o n fi g ur e 15 , a s t a n d ar d af c seq u e n c e use s th e r e s u l t o f th e fe i t o c o r r ec t t h e lo f r eq u e n c y a nd a lig n b o th local oscillator s . when the optimi z ed afc is enabled ( afclowbe t aon= 1 ), t he r e c e ive r ? s l o i s co r r e cte d b y fei v alue + l o wb e t aa f c o ff s e t . when the o p timized afc routine is e n a b led, the r e ceiver s t a r tup time can be computed as follows (refer to section 4.2 . 3 ) : ts_re_ag c &afc (opti m ized afc) = t a na + 4. t cf + 4.tdcc + 3 . t rssi + 2. t afc + 2.tpllafc t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 34 rf m 69 w 3 .4.17. t e mperature sen s or w h e n tem p er a t u r e i s m eas u re d, th e r e c e i v e r ad c i s use d t o di gi tiz e th e sen s or response. most r e c e ive r bl o ck s a r e di sabl e d , a n d te m pe r atu re m e asu r em e n t ca n onl y b e tri g g e re d i n s t a n d b y or f r e q ue n c y sy n t h esize r m o d e s. t h e r esp o ns e o f t he tem p e r atu re s e nso r i s - 1 c / lsb . a cmo s temperature sensor is n o t ac c u r a t e b y natu r e , t h e r efo re it should be calibr a ted at a m bie n t temperature for p r e c ise temperature readi n g s. t e mp v a lue - 1 c/lsb t e mp v a lu e(t ) te m pvalue ( t) - 1 re t urns 150d (typ . ) nee d s calib r ation - 4 0 c t t +1 a m bient + 8 5 c figure 16. t empera t ure sensor res p onse it t a kes less than 1 0 0 microseconds for the RFM69W t o e v al u a t e th e te m pe r atu re ( f r o m settin g t em p me a s s t a r t t o 1 to t e m pm e asr u n n in g reset). 3 .4.18. t im e out fun c tion t h e RFM69W inclu d e s a t i m e o ut f u ncti o n , which allows it to automatically s h u t - d own th e r e c e ive r a f te r a r ece i v e s e qu e nc e a nd t h e r efo re s a v e en e r g y . ? t i me o u t in t e r r u pt is g e n e r a t e d t imeoutr x s t a rt x 16x tbit a f ter switching to r x mode if rssit h r e shold f lag do es n o t raise within this time frame ? t i me o u t in t e r r u pt is g e n e r a t e d t i me o u tr s si t h r e s h x 1 6 x tb it a f te r rssit h r e shold flag has been r a ised. t hi s tim e o ut inte rr up t c an b e u s ed t o w a r n t he c o m p ani o n p r ocesso r t o sh ut d o w n t he r e c e iv er a nd r e tur n t o a l o we r p ower m od e. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 35 rf m 69 w 4. o p erati n g m o des 4.1. basic modes t h e circu i t ca n b e s et i n 5 di f f e r e nt b a si c mo d e s w h ic h ar e descri b e d i n t a ble 16. b y defa u lt , whe n switchi n g f r o m a m o d e t o an o t h e r o ne , t he s u b - bl o ck s a r e woke n up ac c o r d in g t o a p r e - d efin ed a n d o ptimize d seq u e n c e. alt e r n ativ el y , t h es e op e r a ti ng m od es c an be s e lect ed di r e ctl y by disabli n g t he a utom a ti c se q u e ncer ( se q ue n c e rof f in regopmo d e = 1 ). t a ble 1 6 basic t ransceiver modes listenon i n r eg o pm o d e m o de i n r eg o p m o d e s e l e c t ed mo d e e n a b l e d b l o c ks 0 0 0 0 sl e ep mode no n e 0 0 0 1 s t an d - by mo d e t o p regu l ator a nd crys t al o s c i llator 0 0 1 0 f s mode freq u ency synt h esizer 0 0 1 1 t ra n s m i t mode frequ e ncy sy n th e sizer and transmitt e r 0 1 0 0 r e c e ive mode fre q uency synthesizer a n d r e ceiver 1 x listen mode see l i sten mo d e , s e cti o n 4.3 4.2. a u tomatic se q uencer and w ake - up t i mes b y defa u lt , whe n switchi n g f r o m o n e o p e r a t ing mode to a n o t h e r , the circuit t a kes care o f t he s e qu e nc e o f e v e n t s i n s u c h a way that the transition timing is o p timized. f o r example, when switchi n g from sleep mode to t r a n smit mod e , the RFM69W g o es fi r s t t o s t a nd by mo de ( x o s t a r t e d ), th en t o f r eq u enc y sy n t h esize r mo d e , a nd fin a ll y , wh en th e pl l ha s l o cke d, to transmit mod e . entering tra n smit mode is also made a c cor d ing t o a p r ed e fi n e d se q ue n c e s t a rtin g wit h th e wake - u p of the p a r e g ulato r befo re a p plyin g a r a m p - u p o n th e p a a n d g en e r a ti ng t he dc lk clock. ? the crys t al os c i l lator wake - up time, ts_osc, is dire c tly related to the time for t h e cr y s t a l oscillator to rea c h i t s steady s t ate. it depends no t a b ly on the crys t al characteristics. ? t he fr e qu e nc y synthesize r w a k e - up ti m e , ts_fs, is direc t ly related to the time needed by the pll to reach i t s steady s t ate. the signal pll_lock, provid e d on an external pin, giv e s an indication of the lock s t atus. it goes high when the pll re ac he s i t s lo c ki n g r a n g e. f ou r s p ecifi c case s c an b e hi ghli g hte d: ? t r a n s mi t t er w a ke u p ti me f r o m sl e e p m o d e = ts_ o sc + ts_fs + t s _tr ? receiver w a ke up t ime f rom sleep mode = ts_osc + t s _fs + ts_ r e ? receiv e r w a ke up time from sleep mode, agc enabled = ts_osc + ts_fs + ts_re_agc ? receiv e r w a ke up time from sleep mode, agc a n d afc enabled = ts_osc + ts_fs + ts_re_agc&afc t he se ti m in g s a r e d e t a il e d in sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.3. i n applicatio n s where the t a rget a v e r age pow e r consump t ion, or th e t a r ge t s t a r tu p ti m e , d o n ot re q ui re settin g th e RFM69W i n th e l o w e s t p owe r m o d es (sl e e p o r s t a n dby ), t he res p ectiv e timin gs ts_os c an d ts _ f s i n th e f o r m e r e q uatio ns ca n be o m it t e d . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 36 rf m 69 w 4 .2.1 . t r a nsmitt e r s t a r t u p t i m e t h e tr a nsmitt er wake - u p tim e, ts_ t r , i s gi v en b y t he s e qu e nc e c ontr o lled by the digi t al p a rt. it is a pure digi t a l delay wh i c h d e p en ds on t he bi t rat e a n d th e r am p - up ti m e . i n fs k mo d e , t h i s tim e ca n be de r ive d fr om t he followin g eq u atio n. , where p ar am p i s t he r a mp - u p tim e p r o g r amm ed i n r eg pa r a m p a nd tbit is the bit time. in o o k mode, this equation c an b e si mp l i fi ed t o the f o llowin g : t x s t a rt u p r e q u e st ( s e q u e n c er or u s er) ts_ t r x o st a rt e d a nd p l l is l o c ked a n a log g ro u p d e l a y 0.5 x t b it 1. 2 5 x par am p (o n ly in f sk m o d e) t r a n s m i ss i o n o f p a c k et 5 us mo d e re a dy t x r e a dy fi g ure 17. tx s t artup, fsk and ook 4 .2.2. tx s t art procedure as descri b ed in the for m er section, mo d e r e a d y a n d txrea dy int e r r up t s w a r n th e uc tha t t he t r a n smitte r i s r e ad y to transmit da t a ? in conti n uo us m o de , t h e p r e a mb le bi t s p r e c e d i n g the p a y lo a d c a n be a p p li e d on t h e d i o 2 /d at a p in i mme di a t e ly a f t e r a n y of these inter r u p t s have fired. the dclk signal, activa t ed o n pi n dio1/dcl k c a n als o be use d t o s t a r t tog g lin g the d a t a pi n , as d esc ri b ed o n fi g u re 3 0. ? in packet mode , the RFM69W will automati c ally modulate the rf s ignal with preamble bytes as soon as txr e ad y or m o d e r e ad y happen. the actual p a cket tra n smission (s t ar t in g wit h t he nu m be r of p r e a mbl es sp e cifie d i n preamblesiz e ) will s t art w hen the t x s t a r tco n ditio n is fulfil l ed. 4 .2.3. re c eiver s t a r tup t ime it is hig h ly r e com m ended to use the b u ilt - in sequencer of t h e RFM69W , t o o p ti mi z e th e d el a y s w h e n settin g th e module in r e ceive mo de. it g u a r antees the sho r test s t artup tim e s, h e nc e t he l owes t p o ssibl e e ne r g y us ag e, fo r b a tte ry o p e r ated sys t ems. t h e s t a r t up time s o f th e rec e iv er ca n b e c a lc ul ate d fr om t he followi n g: t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 37 rf m 69 w rx s tartup r eque s t ( s equen c er or use r ) ts_re x o s tarte d a nd pll is lo c k e d a nalog f e ?s g roup delay c h annel filter?s group d e l a y dc c utoff?s group delay r s si sa m pling r s si s a m pling r e c eption of p a c ket ta n a t c f td c c tr s si tr ssi mo d e rea d y r x r eady r e cei v ed p a c k et p r ea m ble m ay sta r t f igure 18. rx s t art u p - no agc, n o afc r x s tart u p reque s t ( s eque n cer or u s e r ) ts_re_agc the l n a g ain is a d j u sted by the a g c , a c c o rding to the r ssi res u lt x o s tarted a nd pll i s lo c k e d a nalog f e ?s g r oup delay cha n nel filter?s g roup delay dc c u toff?s group d e l a y r ssi s a m pling r ssi s a m pling cha n nel filter?s g roup delay dc cut o ff?s group del a y r ssi s a m pling r e c eption of p a c ket tana tcf t dcc tr s si tr s si t cf t dcc t r s si mo d erea d y r x r eady r e c ei v ed pa ck et pr e a m b le m ay s tar t fi g ure 19. rx s t artup - a gc, no afc r x s tartup reque s t ( s equen c er or us e r ) ts_re _a gc & afc the l n a g a i n is a d j u sted by the a gc , a c co r ding to the r ssi r esult ca r rier f r equen c y is adju s ted by the a fc x o s tarted and pll is lo c ked analog fe?s g r oup delay chan n el filter?s g ro u p delay d c cutof f ? s g r oup delay r s si s a m p l i ng r s si s a mpling c hann e l filter?s gr o up delay d c c utoff?s group delay r s si s a m pling a f c pll lock cha n nel filter?s g roup delay dc cut o ff?s g roup delay r e ception of pa ck et tana t c f t dcc t r s s i t r s s i t c f td c c t rs s i tafc tpllafc t c f t dcc m ode r eady r x r e ady r e c eived pa c ket prea m ble m ay s t art f igure 20. rx s t art u p - agc a n d afc t h e di f f e r e nt ti m i n gs s h o w n a b o v e a r e as f o llo w s: ? g r o u p d el a y o f t h e a n al o g f r o n t e n d: t a na = 2 0 us ? channel filte r ? s g r oup delay in fsk mode: t c f = 21 / (4. r xbw) ? channel filte r ? s g r oup delay in ook mode: t c f = 34 / (4. r xbw) ? dc cuto f f ? s group delay: t d c c = m a x( 8 , 2^( r o u nd ( lo g 2 ( 8.rxb w . tbit)+ 1 ) ) / ( 4 .rxbw) ? pll lock time a f t er afc adjustment: tpll a f c = 5 / p l lb w (p llb w = 3 0 0 khz) ? afc s ample t ime: t afc = 4 x tbit (al s o denoted t s _ a fc in the general specification) ? rssi sample time: t r s si = 2 x int(4 . rxb w . tbit)/(4 . rxb w ) (aka ts_rssi) n o t e th e ab o v e timi n g s r e pr es en t maxim um s e ttlin g tim e s , a n d s h o r t er settlin g time s ma y b e obser v ed in real cases t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 38 rf m 69 w 4 .2.4. rx s t art pr o cedure as d e s c r ib e d in t h e f o rm er s e c t io n s, t h e rxready in t errupt warns the uc that the receiver is read y . ? in c o ntinu o us m o de with bit synch r on i z e r , the re c ei v er will s t art locking i t s bit synchronizer on a m inimum or 12 bi t s of r e c e iv e d p r e am ble ( s e e se c ti o n 3. 4 . 1 3 f o r d e t a il s ), b e f or e t he r e c e ptio n of co r r e c t d a t a , o r syn c w o r d (if e na b led ) c an o c c u r . ? in conti n uo us m o de witho u t bit sync h ro n ize r , valid da t a will be available on d io2/ d a t a right a f ter the rx r ea dy i n t e r r u p t. ? in packet mode , the receiver w ill s t art lo c king i t s bit synchroni z er on a minimum or 12 bi t s of received preamble (see sectio n 3 . 4 . 13 f or d e t ails ), b e f o r e th e r ece pt io n o f c o r r ec t da t a , or sy nc w o rd (if e n abl e d ) c an occ u r . 4 .2.5. optim i zed f r e quency ho p ping sequ e nces in a frequency hopping - like applicatio n , it is req u ired to turn o f f th e tr a nsmitte r w h e n h op p in g f r o m o ne ch a nn el t o an o t h e r , t o a v oid s p ectr al spl a tt er a nd ob t ain th e b e s t spectr al p u ri t y . ? t r a n s mi t t er h op f r om ch a to ch b : it is a d vi s ed to s t e p th ro u g h t h e rx mo d e : (0) RFM69W is in tx mode in c h a ( 1 ) p r o g r am t he RFM69W i n r x mo de ( 2 ) c h an ge th e ca r ri er fre q u e nc y i n th e regfrf registers ( 3 ) t u rn t h e t r a n s c eiv e r b a ck to t x m od e ( 4 ) r e s p ec t th e tx s t a rt p r oce d u r e , d escri b e d i n s ectio n 4. 2 . 2 ? receiver hop from ch a to ch b: (0) RFM69W is in rx mode in ch a ( 1 ) c h an ge th e ca r ri er fre q u e nc y i n th e regfrf registers ( 2 ) p r o g r am t he RFM69W i n f s m ode ( 3 ) t u rn t h e t r a n s c eiver back to rx mode (4) r e s pect the rx s t art proced ur e, d e sc ri be d i n s e cti on 4.2.4 n o t e al l seq u e n c es d e sc ri b ed ab o v e ar e ass u min g t h a t th e s e qu e nce r i s t u r n e d on (se q u e nce r off= 0 i n re g o p mod e ). t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 39 rf m 69 w 4.3. listen mode the circuit can be set to listen mod e , by setting liste n on in r e go p mo de to 1 while in s t andby mode. in this mode, RFM69W s pends most of the t i me in idle mode, during which only the r c o s cill a tor run s . periodi c ally the receiver is woken up a nd li s te n s f o r a n rf s ig n al. if a w a n t ed s ig n al is d e t ected, the r e ceiver is kept on and the d a t a is demodulated. othe r wis e, i f a w a nte d sig n a l has n't b e e n d e tecte d a f te r a p r e - d efin ed p e rio d o f tim e , the r e ceiver is disa b led u n til the n e xt time period. t hi s pe r io di c al r x wake - u p r eq u irement is very common in low p owe r ap p lic at ions . o n RFM69W i t i s h a n d le d l o c a ll y by the l is t en mo de b lo c k w it h o u t u si n g uc r e s ou rc e s or e n e r g y . t h e simp l i fi ed ti mi n g di a g r a m o f thi s p r o c e du re i s i llust r ate d i n fi gu re 2 1. t l i st en i dle r x idle r x t i m e t l ist e nrx t l ist e nrx f igure 21. l ist e n m o de seq u ence (no want e d signal is re ceive d ) 4 .3.1. t imin g s t h e d u r atio n of th e i d l e p h as e i s give n b y t listenidle . t h e tim e du r in g w h ic h t he r e ceive r i s o n a nd wai t s f or a sig n a l i s given by t listen r x . t listen r x inclu d e s th e wake - u p ti me o f th e r e c e iv e r , described in section 4.2.3. th i s d u r a tion can be p r o g r a mmed in the con f iguration reg i sters via the serial interface. b o t h ti me pe r io ds t list e nrx a n d t lis t enidle ( d e note d t listenx in the following te x t) are fix e d by tw o p ar a met e r s f r o m the c o nfigu r atio n r e gi st er a nd a re c a lc ul ate d as foll o ws: t l i s t enx ? listenco e f x ? l ist en r e solx where li s ten r esolx i s th e r x o r idl e r e s o lutio n a nd i s i n de p e n de n tl y p r o g r am m abl e o n th r e e v a lu es ( 6 4us , 4.1 ms or 2 6 2 m s ) , wh er e a s l is t e n c o e f x is an i n t e g e r b e t w e e n 1 a n d 2 55 . all p a r a m e t e rs a re l o c a t e d in r e g li s t e n r e gi s t e r s. t h e timin g ra n g es a re t a b ul a t ed i n t a bl e 17 b e lo w . t a ble 1 7 r a nge of d u rati o ns in listen mode listenresolx m i n d u r a ti o n ( l i s tencoef = 1 ) m a x d u rat i on ( listenco e f = 2 5 5 ) 01 6 4 us 1 6 ms 10 4. 1 ms 1. 04 s 11 0.2 6 s 6 7 s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 40 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet notes - the a c curacy of the typical timings given in t able 1 7 w ill depend in the rc o s cillator calibration - rc o s cillator c alibration is requir e d, and mu s t be performed at power up. see section 4.3.5 for de t ails 4 .3.2. criteria t h e c r ite r i a t a k en fo r d etect i n g a wa n t ed si g na l an d h e n c e d e ci d ing to ma in t a in t h e re cei v er on is de fi n ed by listenc ri t e ria in r e gliste n 1. t a ble 1 8 signal accep t ance criteria in lis t en mode l i st en c r i t e r i a input signal pow e r >= rssit h r e shold sy n ca d d r es s m a tch 0 r e q ui r e d n o t req u ir ed 1 r e q ui r e d r e qu i red 4 .3.3. end of cycle act i ons the a c tion t aken a f ter detection of a p a cket, is defined by lis t enend in r e gl i ste n 3 , as d esc ri b ed i n th e t a ble b e lo w . t a ble 1 9 end of l ist e n cycle actions listenend de s c ription 00 module s t ay s i n r x m od e. l i ste n m od e sto p s a n d m u s t b e di s a bl e d . 01 module s t ays in rx mode until p a yloa d r e a dy o r tim eo ut i n t e r r up t occurs . i t t h e n g oe s t o t he m o d e d e fine d by m o d e . liste n m o d e sto p s a n d m u s t b e di s a ble d . 10 module s t ays in rx mode until p a yloa d r e a dy o r tim eo ut interrupt occurs. listen mode then resumes in idle s t ate. fifo con t ent is lost at next rx wakeup. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 41 rf m 69 w i d le rx idle rx ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet u p o n d e t e cti on o f a v a li d p a ck e t , t he seq u enci n g i s alt e re d, as show n b elow: paylo a drea d y list e ncriteria pa s sed liste n e nd = 00 li s ten m ode i d le rx liste n e nd = 01 liste n e nd = 10 li s ten m ode li s ten m ode i d le rx mo d e figure 2 2. listen mo d e seque n ce (wa n ted signal is rec e iv e d) 4 .3.4. s t opping li s ten mode t o a bo rt li s t e n mo de op e r a t io n , t he f oll o wi n g p r o c e du re m u s t b e r e s p e c t e d: ? p r og r a m r e g o p mo de w ith liste n o n =0, listenab o r t =1 , a nd t he d e si r e d settin g fo r t he mo de bi t s (sleep, s t db y , fs, rx or tx mode) in a single spi access ? p r og r a m r e g o p mo de w ith liste n o n =0, listenab o r t =0 , a nd t he d e si r e d settin g fo r t he mo de bi t s (sleep, s t db y , fs, rx or t x m od e) in a second spi access 4 .3.5. rc t imer accuracy all timings of the listen mode rely on the ac c ura c y of the internal low - power r c os c illato r . th i s oscillator is automati c ally calibr a ted at the device p o wer - u p , and it i s a user - t rans p a r e nt process. f o r a ppl i c a ti o n s en d u r in g la r g e t e mp e rat u r e va ri atio n s , a nd f or which the power supply is n e v er r em o v e d , r c c ali b r a ti on c an b e pe r f o r m e d u po n use r r e qu e st . r ccal s t a rt in reg o sc1 ca n be use d t o t r ig g e r t h i s cali b r a ti o n , an d t he flag rccaldone w ill be s et automatically w hen the calibration is o v e r . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 42 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 4.4. a u tomodes automatic mod e s of p a cket ha ndler can be enabled by configu r ing the related p a r a m e ters in r e g a ut om o de s . t h e i n t e r m edi a t e mo de o f t he module i s calle d i n t e r m edi a t e mo de a nd th e e nte r an d exi t co n dition s to/f r o m t h i s i n t e rm e di a t e m od e c an b e co n fi g u r e d th r ou gh th e p a r am e t e r s enter c ondit ion & exitcondition . t h e e nte r a n d exi t c o nditio n s ca n no t b e u s ed in d ep e n d entl y of e ac h oth er i. e. b ot h s h o u l d b e e na b le d at th e sam e tim e. t h e initia l a n d t he fin al s t ate i s th e on e config u r ed i n mo de in regopm o de . t he i n iti al & fin al s t a t es c an be di f f e r e nt by configuring the modes register while the module is in intermedia t e mode. the picto r ial descri p tion of the a u to modes is shown b e lo w . inter m ed i ate s t ate d e f i n e d b y int e r m e d iat e m ode e n t e rc o n d i t i on e x itcon d it io n initi a l state d e f i n e d b y m ode i n r e go p m o d e fin a l s tate de f ined b y m ode i n r e go pm o d e figure 2 3. auto mod e s of p a ck e t handler so m e t y pic a l e x am pl e s o f au t o mo d e s u s a g e a r e d e s c ri b ed b el o w: ? automatic transmission (autotx) : mo de = sle e p , in t e rm e d ia t e mo de = tx, e n t e rco n ditio n = fifo l e v el , exitcondition = packetsent ? automatic r e ception (autorx) : mo de = r x , in t e rm e d ia t e mo de = slee p , e n t e r c o n di t ion = c rc o k , exitcondition = falling e dg e of fifo n o t empty ? automatic r e cep t ion of acknowle d ge (autorxack): mo de = tx, intermediate m ode = r x , e n t e r c o n di t ion = packetsen t , exitcondition = crc o k ? ... t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 43 rf m 69 w 5. da t a processing 5.1. overview 5 .1.1. bl o ck diagram figure below illustrates the RFM69W da t a processing circuit. i t s role is to interface the da t a to/from the modulator/ d e modulator and the uc ac cess p o in t s (spi and dio pin s ). it also controls all the configuration r e gisters. t h e circu i t con t ai n s s e v e r al co nt ro l bl ock s w h ic h a re descri b e d i n th e fol l owin g p a r ag r a p hs. t x / r x c o ntrol d i o0 d i o1 d i o2 d i o3 d i o4 d i o5 data r x s y nc reco g. tx packet handler fifo (+s r ) spi nss sck mosi m i s o poten t i a l dat a pat hs (d at a o p e r at i o n m o d e d e p e n dan t ) fi g ure 2 4 . RFM69W da t a processing c o nce p tual v iew t h e RFM69W impl e me n t s s e v e r al d a t a o pe r atio n mo d es , ea ch wit h t h ei r ow n d a t a p a t h th r ou gh th e da t a p r ocessing s e ctio n. de p en d in g on t he d a t a op e r a ti on mo de selecte d, s o me control blocks are active whilst others r e main disa b led. 5 .1.2. da t a o p eration modes t h e RFM69W h as tw o di f f e r e n t d a t a o pe r atio n m od es sel e c t a bl e by t h e u s e r : ? co n ti n u o us m od e: each bit transmitted or received is a c cessed in r e al t i m e a t t h e di o 2 / d a t a pi n . th is mo de ma y b e u s ed if adequate e x ter n al signal processing is avail a ble. ? p a cket mo de ( r eco m me n de d ) : use r o nl y pr ov ides/r e t ri eve s p a yloa d by t es to/ f r om the f i f o . the p a cket is au t omatically built with preamble, s y nc word, and optional aes, c r c, and dc - free e n coding schemes the reverse operation is p e r f o rm ed i n r e ceptio n. t he u c p r ocess ing o v e r h e a d is h e n c e sig n ifi c a n tly r e d uce d com p a r e d t o co n ti n u o u s m od e. depending on the optional features activated (crc, aes, etc) the maximum p ayload length is limited to fifo size, 255 b y t e s o r u n li m ite d . ea c h o f t h e s e da t a o p e ra tion mo d e s is d e s c r ib e d f u lly in t h e f o llo w ing s ec t io n s. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 44 rf m 69 w 5.2. c o ntrol block descrip tion 5 .2.1. spi i nterface the spi inter f a c e gives access to the configuration register vi a a synch r on o u s f u ll - d u pl e x p r ot oco l cor r esp o n d in g t o cpol = 0 a nd cph a = 0 i n m otor o la/f r eescal e n om e nclatur e . only the slave side is implemente d . t h r e e acces s m od es t o th e r egiste rs a re p r ovid e d : ? singl e ac c e ss : a n a d d r es s byt e foll o w ed by a da t a byt e i s se nt f or a w r it e acces s whe r e as a n ad d r e s s b yt e i s s e n t a nd a r e a d byt e i s r eceive d fo r th e r e a d acc e ss . t he ns s pin g oe s l ow a t th e b e gi n o f th e f r a me a n d go es hi g h a f t er t he d a t a b y t e . ? burst access: the address byte is followed by sever a l d a t a b y te s . th e a d dr ess is a u t o ma t i cally incremented internally b e twe e n e a ch da t a byte. this mode is avail a ble for b o th r e a d a n d writ e accesses . t he ns s pi n g o es lo w a t t he begi n n ing of the frame a n d s t ay low between each b y t e . i t g o e s hi g h o nl y a f t e r th e l a s t byt e t r ansfe r . ? fifo ac c e s s: if the address b y te cor r e s ponds to the address of the fifo, then s u c ceeding da t a byte will address the fifo . th e a d d r es s i s no t a utom a tic a ll y incr e me n t ed b u t i s m e mo ri ze d an d d o e s n o t n e e d t o b e se nt b etwee n e a c h d a t a b yte . th e ns s pi n g o e s lo w at th e b e gi nni n g o f t he f r a me an d s t ay l o w be tw e en e a c h b y t e . it g o e s hi g h o n ly a f t e r t h e last byte transfe r . figure below shows a typical spi single acces s to a registe r . fig u re 25. spi ti ming dia g ram (single access) mosi is generated by the ma s ter on the falling edge of sck and is s ampled by the slave (i.e. this spi interface) on the rising edge of sck. miso is generated by the sla v e on the falling edge of sc k . a t r a n s f er a lwa y s s t a r t s b y the n ss p in g o i n g l o w . mis o i s hig h i m pe d a n c e wh en ns s i s hi g h. t h e firs t by t e i s t he a d d r es s byte . i t i s m a d e o f : ? wn r bit , whic h i s 1 f or w r it e acces s a nd 0 fo r r e ad acc e ss ? 7 bi t s of a d d r e s s , m sb fir s t t h e seco n d byt e i s a d a t a byte , eithe r s e n t o n mos i b y t he m a ste r i n c a s e o f a wri t e ac c e s s, or r e c e iv e d by t h e m as t er o n m is o i n c a s e of r ea d ac c e ss . t h e d a t a byt e i s tr a nsmitte d ms b fi rs t. pr o c e e d ing b y t e s ma y be s e n t on m o si ( f or w rite a c ce s s) o r r e ceived on m i so ( f or read access) without rising nss a n d re - sending the address. in fifo mode, if the address was the fifo address then the b y tes will be written / read at the f i fo addre s s. in bur s t mode, if the addre s s was not the fifo a d d r ess , t h e n i t i s auto m ati cal ly increme n ted at each new by t e r e c ei v e d. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 45 rf m 69 w t h e fr a m e en ds wh en ns s go es hi g h . t h e n e x t f r am e m us t s t art with an a d d r ess b y te. the single access mode is actually a s pecial case of fifo / bu r st m o d e wit h o n l y 1 d a t a byt e t r a n sfe rr ed. d u ri ng th e w r it e a ccess , t he b yt e t r ansfe r r ed fr om th e s l av e t o th e m a ste r o n th e mis o lin e i s t he val ue of t he written r e gi s ter b e f o r e t h e wri t e o p e ra tio n . 5 .2.2. fifo 5.2.2.1. ove r view and shi f t register ( s r) i n p acke t m o d e o f op e r a ti o n , b ot h da t a t o b e tr a nsmitt ed an d th at h as b e e n r e c e ive d a re sto r e d i n a confi g ur a bl e fifo (fir s t in first out) devi c e. it is ac cess ed vi a t he sp i inte r f ace an d p r o vi d e s s e v e r al i n t e r r u p t s fo r t r ansfe r m an a g e me n t . the fifo is 1 b y te wide hence it o n ly perfor m s b y te ( p arallel) operatio n s, whe r e a s the demod u lator functions seriall y . a s h i f t r e giste r i s t h e r efo re em pl oye d t o inte rf ac e t he tw o d evic e s . i n tra n smi t m o d e i t t ake s by t es fr om t he fif o a nd outp u t s them serially ( m sb fir s t) at the program m ed bit r a te to the mod u lato r . similarl y , in rx the s h i f t r e gist er ge t s bit b y bi t d a t a from the demodulator and writes them byte by byte to the fifo. t h is is illustrated in figure belo w . b y te1 b y te0 f ifo data t x / r x 1 8 sr (8bi t s ) m s b l sb fi g ure 26. fifo and shi f t register ( s r) n o t e whe n switchi ng t o sle ep m od e, t he fif o c an o nl y b e use d onc e t he m o der e ad y fla g i s set ( q u a si i mm e d ia t e f r o m all modes except from tx) 5.2.2.2. size the fifo size is fixed to 66 b y tes. 5. 2.2.3 . inte r r u p t s o u r c es a n d fl a g s ? fifonotempty: fifonotempty interrupt source is low when byte 0, i.e. whole fifo, is empty. otherwise it is high. note that when retrieving data from the fifo, fifonotempty is updated on nss falling edge, i.e. when fifonotempty is updated to low state the currently started read opera tion must be completed. in other words, fifonotempty state must be checked after each read operation for a decision on the next one (fifonotempty = 1: more byte(s) to read; fifonotempty = 0: no more byte to read). ? fifofull: fifofull interrupt source is hig h when the last fifo byte, i.e. the whole fifo, is full. otherwise it is low. ? fifooverrunflag : fifooverrunflag is set when a new b y te is written by the user (in tx or st andby mod e s) or the sr (in rx mode) while the fifo is already full. data is lost and the flag should be cleared by writing a 1, note that the fifo will also be cleared. ? packetsent: packetsent interrupt source goes high when the sr's last bit has been sent. ? fifolevel: threshold can be programmed by fifothreshold in regfifothresh. its behavior is illustrated in figure below. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 46 rf m 69 w fifo l ev e l 1 0 b b +1 # o f b y t e s i n fifo f igure 27. f ifol e vel irq source beh a vi o r note - fifol e vel interrupt is u p d a ted only a f ter a r e ad or w r it e o pe r atio n o n th e fifo . t h u s th e inte r ru pt ca n no t be dyn a micall y u p date d b y o nl y c h an g in g th e fi f o th r esh old p a r a meter - fifolevel interrupt is valid as long as fifofull does not occu r . an empty fifo w ill resto r e i t s normal operation 5.2.2.4. fifo clea r ing t a bl e b e lo w s u mm a rize s t he s t at u s of th e f i fo wh en switchi n g between di f f e r e n t mod e s t a ble 2 0 s t at u s of f ifo wh e n switc h ing be t w e en diff e rent modes of the module fr om to fifo s t atus commen t s s t dby sl e e p no t c l eared sleep s t d b y no t c l eared s t d b y/sl e e p tx no t c l eared t o al l o w t h e use r t o wri te t h e f ifo i n s t d by/s l ee p b e f o r e tx s t d b y / sle e p r x c l e a r ed rx tx cle a r e d rx s t dby /s le e p no t c l eared t o a l lo w t h e use r t o r e a d f ifo i n s t d b y/sl e e p mod e a f t e r rx t x a n y c l e a r ed 5 .2.3. s y nc w o rd re c ognition 5.2.3.1. ove r view sync word recognition (al s o calle d patter n r ecog n iti o n ) i s act i v a t ed by settin g syncon in regsyncconfi g . t h e bit synchroni z er mu s t also be a c tivated in continuous mode (automa t ically done in packet mod e ) . t h e bloc k b eh a v es lik e a s h i f t r e gister ; i t co nt inu o usl y c o m p a r e s th e inco mi n g da t a wit h i t s int e rn a ll y p r o g ra m me d sync w o r d a n d se t s s y n ca d d r e s s m a t ch when a match is detected. this is illu s trated in figure 28 belo w . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 47 rf m 69 w r x d a t a (nrz) b i t n - x = s y nc_ v alue[ x ] b i t n - 1 = s y nc_ v alue [ 1] b i t n = s y nc_ v alue [ 0] dc l k s ync a d d r e ss m atch figure 2 8 . sy n c word reco g nition d u ri ng t he com p a r iso n of th e d em o dul a t ed d a t a , t he f i rs t bit r eceive d i s com p a r e d wit h b i t 7 ( msb ) o f regsync v alue1 a n d t he las t bi t r e c e iv ed i s com p a r e d wit h bit 0 ( l sb ) o f th e l a s t b yt e wh ose a d d r es s i s d e t e r m ined by the length of the sync word. w h e n th e p r og r am m e d syn c wo rd i s detecte d th e use r c an ass u m e t h a t thi s incomi n g p ack et i s fo r t he n o d e a n d c an be p r o c es s ed a cc or di n gl y . sy n ca d d r e s s m a t ch is cle a red when leavi n g rx or f i fo is emptied. 5.2.3.2. con f iguration ? size: sync word size can be set from 1 to 8 bytes (i.e. 8 to 64 bits) via syncsize in regsyncconfig. in packet mode this field is also used for sync word generation in tx mode. ? error tolerance: the number of errors tolerated in th e sync word recognition can be set from 0 to 7 bits to via synctol. ? v al u e: t he s y nc w o rd v alue is c onfigured in syncvalue(63:0) . i n pack et m o d e thi s fi eld i s al s o us e d fo r syn c w o rd generation in tx mode. no t e s y nc v a l u e ch o ic e s co n t a ini n g 0 x 00 b yt e s a r e n o t all o w e d 5 .2.4. p a cket hand l er the p a cket h a n d ler is the b l ock used in packet mode. i t s functionality is fully d e sc ri be d i n s e cti on 5.5. 5 .2.5. co n trol the con t r o l block configures and contr o ls the full module 's beh a vi or acco r di ng t o t he setting s p r o g r a mme d i n th e co n fi g u r ation r e gi s te r s. 5.3. digi t al io pins mapping si x g e ne r a l p u r p os e i o pi ns a re avai l abl e on th e RFM69W , an d t h ei r co n fi g u r a tion in continuous or packet mode is c o ntr o lle d th r ou gh regdiomapping1 an d r e gdiom a p p ing 2. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 48 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5 .3.1. dio pins mapping in continu o us mo d e t a ble 2 1 d i o mapping, continuo u s mode mode d i o x m a pping di o 5 di o 4 d i o 3 di o 2 di o 1 d io 0 sleep 0 0 - - - - - - 0 1 - - - - - - 10 - - a u t o m o de - - - 11 m o d er e a dy - - - - m od ere ady s t dby 00 cl ko ut - - - - - 0 1 - - - - - - 10 - - a u t o m o de - - - 11 m o d er e a dy - - - - m od ere ady fs 00 cl ko ut - - - - plll ock 0 1 - - - - - - 10 - - a u t o m o de - - - 11 m o d er e a dy p lll o c k - - p ll l o ck m od ere ady rx 00 cl ko ut t i me o u t r s si d a t a d c l k s y n c a d d r e ss 0 1 r ssi r xr e a dy r xr ea d y d a t a r xr e a dy t i m e o u t 1 0 - s y n c a d d r e ss a u t o m o d e d a ta - r s s i 1 1 m o d e re a dy p lll ock t i me o ut d a t a s y n ca d dress m od e r e ady tx 00 cl ko ut t x re ady t xre a dy da t a d c lk plll ock 01 cl ko ut t x re ady t xre a dy da t a t x r e a dy t xr e a dy 1 0 - - a u t o m o de da t a - - 11 m o d er e a dy p lll o c k t xre a dy da t a pll l o ck m od ere ady 5 .3.2. dio pins mapping in pack e t mode t a ble 2 2 d i o mapping, packet mode mode d i ox ma p ping d i o5 d i o4 d i o3 d i o2 d i o1 d i o0 sleep 00 - - fi f o f ull fi f ono t e m p t y fi f ol ev el - 01 - - - - f i f o f u l l - 10 - - - - f i f o n o t e m p ty - 11 m od e r e a d y - - a u t o m o d e - - s t dby 00 cl k o u t - fi f o f ull fi f ono t e m p t y fi f ol ev el - 01 - - - - f i f o f u l l - 10 - - - - f i f o n o t e m p ty - 11 m od e r e a d y - - a u t o m o d e - - fs 00 cl k o u t - fi f o f ull fi f ono t e m p t y f i f ol ev el - 01 - - - - f i f o f u l l - 10 - - - - f i f o n o t e m p ty - 11 m od e r e a d y p ll lock p ll lock a u t o m o d e p ll l o ck p lll ock rx 00 c l k o ut t i m e out f i f of ul l f i f o n o t e m p t y f i f ol e v el c r c ok 01 d a ta rssi rssi da t a fi f ofull p a y l oad r eady 10 - rx re a dy s y ncad d r e ss - f i f o n o t e mp t y s y n c a ddress 11 m od e r e a d y p ll lock p ll lock a u t o m o d e t i me o ut r ssi tx 00 cl k o u t m o d e r ea d y fi f o f ull fi f ono t e m p t y fi f ol ev el p a c k e ts e n t 01 d a ta t x ready t x ready da t a fi f ofull t x ready 10 - - - - f i f o n o t e m p ty - 11 m od e r e a d y p ll lock p ll lock a u t o m o d e p ll l o ck p lll ock note received da t a is only sho w n on the da t a signal between rxrea d y a n d payloadready s rising edges t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 49 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5.4. continuous mode 5 .4.1. gen e r a l d e scription as illustrated in figure 29, in cont inuous mode the nrz da t a to (from) the (de)modulator is direc t ly acces s ed by the uc on the bidir e ctional dio2/d a t a pin. the f i fo and p acket handler are thus inactive. t x / r x co n t r o l d i o 0 d i o 1 / d c l k d i o 2 / d a t a d i o 3 d i o 4 d i o 5 d a t a rx s yn c rec og . spi n ss s c k m o s i m i s o fi g ure 29. conti n uous mo d e conc e ptual v iew 5 .4.2. tx process i ng in t x mo d e , a s yn c h r o no us da t a cl o ck f or an ex t e r n a l uc is p r o v ided on dio1/dclk pin. cl o ck timing wi t h respect to the da t a is illu s trated in figure 30. d a t a is internally sampled on the rising edge of d clk s o t h e uc c an change logic s t ate a nytim e o u t si de th e g r aye d ou t s e t u p/h o l d z o n e. t _d a ta t _d a ta da t a ( nrz) dclk figure 3 0. tx proc e ssing in conti n uous mo d e n o t e th e us e of dc lk i s r e qui r e d w h e n th e m o d u la tion sha p ing is enabled (see section 3.3.5). t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 50 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5 .4.3. rx pro c essing if t h e b it sy n c h r o ni z er is d is ab le d , t h e r a w d e mo d u la t or o u t p ut is ma de di r e c tly a v ail ab le on d a t a p in a nd n o d c l k s ig n al is provid e d . c o nve r s e l y , i f t he bi t synch r on i z er i s e na b led , synch r o n ou s cle a ne d d a t a a n d cl o c k a r e ma de a v a ila b le r espectivel y on dio2/d a t a and dio1/d c lk pins. d at a is sampled on the rising edge of d clk and update d o n th e falling edge as i l lustrated belo w . da t a ( n rz) dclk f igure 31. rx processing in c o nti n uous mode note in continuous mode it is alway s r e c o mme n d ed t o e n a bl e th e bit sy n c h r o nize r t o cle an t he d at a sign al eve n i f t he dc lk sig n a l i s n o t us e d b y t he u c ( b i t sy nc hr o n izer is automa tically enabled in packet mode). 5.5. packet mode 5 .5.1. gen e r a l d e scription i n p a cke t m o d e th e nr z d a t a t o ( f r o m) th e ( d e )m o du l ato r i s n o t di r e ctl y acc e ss ed b y th e uc b u t stored in the fifo a n d ac c e s s e d v ia t h e spi i n t e r f a c e. in addition, the rfm6 9w p a c ket handler performs several p a c ket oriented t a sks such as preamble and s ync w ord generation, crc calculation/ c h e ck, w hitening/de w hitening of da t a, manchest e r encoding/de c oding, address filtering, aes encryp t ion/decr y p t i on, etc. this simp l i f ies so f tw are and reduces uc overhead by performing t hese repe t itive t a sks within the r f module i t self. another impor t ant feature i s ability to fill and empty the f i fo in sleep/ s t dby mode, ens u ring optimum power consumption and adding more flexi b ility for the so f t w are. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 51 rf m 69 w d v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet c o n t r o l d i o 0 d i o 1 d i o 2 d i o 3 d i o 4 d i o 5 d a t a rx tx sync r e c og. pa c ket h a nd l e r f i fo ( + s r ) spi n ss s c k m o s i m i s o figu r e 32. p a ck e t m o de conceptual v i e w no t e th e b it s y nc hr o n iz e r is a u t o ma tically enabled in packet mode. 5 .5.2. p a cket form a t 5. 5.2.1 . fixe d le n gt h pack et f o r m at fixed len g th p a cket for m at is se l e cted when bit packetformat is s et to 0 and p a yloa d le n gt h is s et to a n y v a lue g r e a t e r than 0. in appli catio n s whe r e the p a cket length is fixe d i n a d v a nce , th i s mo de o f o pe r a t i o n m a y be o f in t e r e s t to m ini m ize r f ov er h e ad ( no len g t h byt e fi eld i s r eq u ir e d ). al l no d es , wh eth e r t x o n l y , r x o nl y , or tx/r x s h o u l d b e p ro g r a mm ed wit h the same p a cket length value. the length of the p a yload is limited to 255 bytes if aes is not enabled else the message is limi t ed to 64 bytes (i.e. max 65 by t es p aylo ad i f ad d r e s s byt e i s e n a b led ). t h e l e n g t h pr o g r am m e d i n p a yloa d l e ngt h r el a t es o nl y t o t he p aylo ad whic h i n cl u de s t h e m ess a g e an d t he o p ti o n al a d d r e s s b y t e. in t h is m od e, t h e p a ylo a d m u s t c o n t ain at least one byte, i.e. address or message byte. an illustration of a fixed length p a c k et is s hown belo w . it con t ains the follo w ing fields: ? p r ea m bl e ( 10 1 0...) ? syn c w o r d (n et w o r k id) ? optional address b y te ( n ode id) ? m e ss a g e d a t a ? optional 2 - by t es crc checksum t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 52 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet d c f r ee d ata e nc o ding cr c c h ec k sum c a l c ula t i on a e s e nc / d ec p rea m b l e 0 to 6 5 5 3 5 b y tes s y nc w ord 0 to 8 b y t e s a dd r ess b y te mes s a g e u p to 255 b y t es crc 2 - b y t es p a y l o a d ( m in 1 b y t e ) fiel d s a d d e d b y th e p a ck e t h a ndle r i n t x a n d proc e s s e d a n d remo v e d i n rx o ption a l use r pro v i d e d f iel d s w hic h ar e p a r t o f th e pa y l o ad m essag e pa r t o f t h e pa y load figure 33. fix e d len g th packet f o rmat 5.5.2.2. v ariable length packet for m at v a riable length p a cket format is selected when bit p a cketf o rm at is s et to 1. t h is mode is use f ul in applicati o ns where the len g th of the p a ck et i s n o t k n ow n i n a d v a nc e a n d ca n va ry o v er tim e. i t i s t h en n e c e ss a ry f o r t h e t r an s m itt e r t o s en d t he le ng th i n f o r ma ti o n t o g e t h e r w ith e a ch p a ck e t in o r d e r f or t h e r e c ei v er to o p e r a t e p r o p e r l y . i n t h i s mo de th e le n gt h of t he p aylo a d , in di c a te d by t he l e n g t h byte, is given by the first byte of the fifo and i s limited to 255 bytes if aes is not enabled else the message i s limited to 64 bytes (i.e. max 66 bytes p a yload if address byte is e n a ble d ) . n o t e tha t t he len g t h b y te i t self is not included in i t s calculat i on. i n thi s m o d e, t he p a yl o a d m u s t co n t ai n a t leas t 2 by t e s , i. e. l e ngt h + ad d r e s s o r m ess a g e b yte. an illustration of a variable length p a c ket is sho w n belo w . it con t ains the following fields: ? p r ea m bl e ( 10 1 0...) ? syn c w o r d (n etw o r k id) ? l en g t h byte ? optional address b y te ( n ode id) ? m e ss a g e d a t a ? optional 2 - by t es crc checksum dc f r ee d ata e nc o ding crc c h ec k sum cal c ulat i on ae s e nc/ d ec p r ea m b l e 0 to 6 5 5 3 5 b y t e s s y nc w o r d 0 to 8 b y t e s le n gth b y te a dd r ess b y te mes s a g e u p to 2 5 5 b y t e s crc 2 - b y t e s p a y l o a d ( m in 2 b y t es ) f i el d s a dd e d b y th e p a ck e t h a n dl e r i n t x an d pr oc e s s e d a n d remo v e d i n rx o ption a l u se r p r o v i d e d f iel d s w hic h ar e p ar t o f th e pa y l o ad m essag e pa r t o f t h e pa y load figure 3 4. v aria b le l ength p a ck e t format t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 53 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5.5.2.3. unlimited length packet f o r m at unlimited length p a c k et format is sele c ted w hen b i t packetformat i s s e t t o 0 an d p a yl o ad l e n gt h is set t o 0. t h e use r ca n th en t r a n s m i t an d r eceiv e p ack et o f a r bi t r a ry le n gt h a nd p a yl o a d le n gt h r e gist er i s n ot use d i n tx/r x mo d e s f or co u ntin g t he l e n g t h o f th e byte s tra n smitt e d/r e c e iv e d . t h i s mo de i s a r e place m en t fo r th e le g ac y bu f fe r e d mo de in rf63 / rf64 t r a n sc ei v e rs. in tx the d a t a is tra n smitted depending on the t x s t artcondition bit. on the rx side the d a t a processing features l i ke a d d r es s filt e ri n g , m a nch e ste r e n c od ing an d d a t a w hit en ing ar e n o t a vail ab le if t h e sy n c p a t t e r n le ng th is s e t to z e r o ( syncon = 0 ). the filling of the fifo in this case can be controlled by the bit fifofill c onditio n . the crc detection in r x is al s o n ot s u pp o rte d i n th i s m o d e o f th e p acke t h a n d le r , h ow e ver c r c generation in tx is op e r a ti o n al. t h e i n t e r r u p t s l i ke cr c ok & payloadready a r e n o t a v ail a ble e it h e r . an u n limited len g th p acket shown in i s m ad e up o f t he f o llowin g fie l ds: ? p r ea m bl e ( 10 1 0... ). ? syn c w o r d (n etw o r k id ). ? optional address b y te ( n ode id). ? m e ss a g e d a t a ? optional 2 - by t es crc checksum (tx onl y ) d c f r ee da t a e n c o di n g p r e a m b l e 0 t o 655 35 by t e s s yn c w or d 0 t o 8 by t e s a ddre s s by t e me s sa g e un l i m it e d le n g t h p a y l oad f i e l d s a d d e d b y t he pa c k e t h an d le r i n t x a n d p r oce s sed a n d r e m ove d i n rx m es s a g e pa r t o f t h e p a y l o a d o p t i o n al u s e r p ro v i d ed f i e l d s w h i c h a re p a r t of t h e p a y l o a d figure 3 5. unlimited l e ngth pack e t form a t 5 .5.3. tx process i ng (wi t hout aes) i n t x mo de t he p a cke t ha n dl er dyn a micall y b uil d s t he p a ck et b y p e r f o r mi n g th e followi n g op e r a ti o n s on t he p a yl o a d availa b le in the fifo: ? add a programmable number of preamble bytes ? add a programmable sync word ? optionally calculating crc over complete payload field (optional length byte + optional ad dress byte + message) andappending the 2 bytes checksum. ? optional dc - free encoding of the data (manchester or whitening) onl y t he p ayloa d (i nclu d i n g o ptio n a l ad d r e s s a nd len g t h f i elds) is r e q u ired to be p r o v ided by the user in the fifo. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 54 rf m 69 w ad v anced commu nic a tions & sensing d at a sheet t h e t ra ns m is s ion of p a c k et d a t a is i n iti a t e d by t he p ac k et h andler only if the module is i n t x m o d e a nd t he t r ansmission c o nditio n d e fi n e d by t x s t a r tco n ditio n is fulfilled. if transmis s ion condition is not fulfilled then th e p a c ket handler tran sm i t s a p r e am b l e se q ue n c e u n ti l th e con d ition is met. this happens only i f t he p r e a mbl e le n gt h / = 0 , othe r wis e i t t r a n sm i t s a z e r o or o n e u n til the c o nd ition is m et to transmit the p a cket da t a. the tra n smiss i on condition i t self is de fin e d a s : ? if tx s t a r tc o nditio n = 1, the p acket handler wai t s until the first b y te is w rit t en into the fifo, then it s t ar t s sending the p r e am ble f oll o w e d by t h e sy n c wo r d a nd u s e r p a y lo a d ? if t x s t a r tcondition = 0, the p acket handler wai t s u n til the number of by t es writte n i n th e f if o i s e q u al t o th e n u mb er d e fined in r e gfifo t h r es h + 1 ? if the condition for tran s mi s sion w as a l ready fulfilled i.e. the fifo w as filled in sleep/ s t dby t h en the transmis s ion of p acke t s t a r t s imme di atel y o n e na b lin g tx 5 .5.4. rx pro c essing (witho u t aes) i n r x m od e th e p a cke t h a ndl e r extr a c t s t he use r p a y lo a d to t h e f i f o by p er fo rm ing t he f o ll o wing op e r a t io n s: ? receivi n g t he p r ea m bl e a n d st ri p p in g i t o f f ? detecting the sync word and strip p ing it o f f ? optional dc - f r e e d e codi n g of da t a ? opti on a ll y ch e cki ng t he a d dr ess byte ? optionally che c king c rc and reflecting the result on crco k . onl y t he p ayloa d (i nclu d i n g o ptio n a l ad d r e s s a nd len g t h fi el ds ) i s m ad e av aila b le i n th e fifo. w h e n th e r x m o d e i s e na b le d t he d e mo d ul a t or r eceive s th e p re am bl e f o llo w ed by t h e de te c t i on of s y nc word. if fixed l e n g t h p ack et f o rm at i s en a bl ed th en th e nu m be r of b yt es r eceiv ed a s th e p aylo ad i s give n b y th e paylo a dl e n g th p a ra m e t e r . i n va ri abl e l e ngt h m o d e t he fi rst byt e r ecei v e d a f t er t he syn c w o r d i s i n t e r p r e t ed as the len g th of the received p a cke t . the internal length counter is initialized to this r e ce i v ed length. the payloa d l e ngt h register is s et to a v alue which is greater t h a n t he m a ximu m exp e cte d le n gt h of t he r eceiv ed p acket . i f t h e r eceive d le n gt h i s g r e at e r t h a n th e maxim um le n gt h sto r ed in p a yloa d le n gt h r egiste r th e p a cke t i s d i sca r d ed oth erwi s e the c omplete p a c ket is received. i f t he ad d r e s s chec k i s e n abl e d the n t he s e c o n d b yt e r eceive d i n c a s e of va ri a b l e len g t h an d fi r s t byt e i n c a s e o f fixed l e n g t h i s t he a d d r es s byt e. i f th e ad d r e s s m a tch es t o th e o n e i n th e n o dea d d r es s fi el d , r e c e ptio n o f t he d a t a c o ntin u e s otherwise it's stopped. the c r c c h ec k i s p e rfo r m ed i f cr c on = 1 and the result is a v ailable in cr c ok i n di c a t ing t h a t t h e crc w as s uc c e s sful. an interrupt ( paylo a dre a d y ) i s al s o g e ne r ate d o n dio 0 a s so on as the p a yload is avail a ble in the f i f o . t h e p aylo ad avail a bl e i n th e f if o c an als o b e r e ad i n slee p / s t a n d b y m od e. if the crc fails the paylo a drea dy inter r u p t is n o t generated and the f i fo is cl e a r ed . t h i s f u ncti on ca n b e ov er ri d d e n by se t ting c r cautocle a rof f = 1, forcing the availability of p a yl o adr e ad y interrupt and the p ayload in the fifo e v en if the crc fail s . 5 .5.5. aes aes is the symmetric - key block cipher that provides the cryptographic ca p a bilities to the transceive r . the sys t em proposed can work with 128 - bit long fixed keys. the fixed key is stored in a 1 6 - b yte w rite o n ly u s er c o n fi g u r a t ion r e gis t e r , w h i c h re t ains i t s value in sleep mode. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 55 rf m 69 w a s s h ow n i n fig u r e 33 a nd fig u r e 34 ab o v e t he messag e p a r t o f th e p a cke t ca n b e e ncrypt ed an d d ecry p t ed wit h the cipher 128 - ciph e r key stored in the configuration r e giste r s. 5.5.5.1. tx pro c e s sing 1. us er e n t e r s t he d a t a t o b e tr a nsmitt ed i n fif o i n s t d b y/sl e e p m o d e a nd give s t he tr a nsmi t co m ma n d . 2. o n tx com m an d t he pack et h a n d le r s t at e m a c h in e t a k es o v er the contr o l and if encr y p t ion is enabled then the message inside the fifo is r e ad in blo c ks of 16 bytes ( p ad d e d wit h 0 s i f n e ed e d ), e n c r ypte d a n d st o r ed b a c k t o f i f o . al l thi s p r ocessi n g i s do n e i n t x m o d e b e for e en a bli n g th e p acke t ha n dlin g s t a t e machi n e . onl y th e m ess a g e p a rt of the p acke t i s e n c r ypte d a n d p r e a mbl e, sy nc wo r d , len g t h byt e, a d d r es s b yt e a n d cr c a re n ot e n c r ypted. 3. o n c e t he enc r y p ti on i s d o ne t he pack et h an d lin g s t at e m a c h in e i s en a bl ed t o t r ansmi t t he d a t a . 5.5.5.2. rx processing 1. t he da t a rec e iv ed i s stor ed i n th e fifo , t he ad d r e ss , cr c i n t e r r u p t s a re g e n e r a t ed a s us ua l b e c a us e these p a r a meters were not encr y p t e d . 2. o n c e t he c o mpl e t e p a cke t h as b e e n r eceive d . t he d a t a i s r ea d f r o m th e fifo , d e c r yp ted and written b a ck to fifo. t he paylo a dre a d y i n t e r r u pt i s issu ed onc e th e d ecrypt ed da t a i s r e a dy i n th e fif o fo r r e adi n g vi a t he sp i inte rf ace. the aes encryption/decryp t ion cannot be used on the fly i.e. while transmittin g a n d receiving da t a. thus when aes e n c r yp t io n / de cr y p t i o n is e na bl ed , t h e f i f o a c t s as a s im p le bu f fe r . this bu f fer is filled bef o re initiating any tran s mi s sion. t h e d a t a i n th e bu f fe r i s the n e ncry p t ed b e f o r e th e t r ansmiss i o n c an be g in . o n th e r eceiv e sid e t he d e c r yptio n i s initiated o n ly once the com p lete p a cket h a s been received in the b u f f e r . t h e enc r y p ti o n/d e c r yptio n pr oc es s t a ke s a p p roxi ma t e ly 7 .0 u s p er 1 6 - b y t e b lo c k. th us f or a m a x im u m of 4 b lo c ks (i . e. 64 by t e s ) i t ca n t a k e up t o 2 8 u s f or com p le tin g th e c r y p t o g r a p hi c o pe r atio ns. the receive side sees the aes decryption time as a seq u ential delay before the payl o adre a d y interrupt is a v ailable. the tx side sees the aes encryption time as a sequential delay in the s t artup of the tx chain, thus t he s t artup time of the tx will increase a ccording to the length of da t a . in fixed len g th mode the message p a rt of the p a yload that can be e n crypted/decr y p t ed can be 64 bytes long. if the a d d r e s s filtering is enabl e d , the len g th of the p a yload sho u ld be a t m a x 65 bytes in this case. i n v a ria b l e len g t h m od e th e m ax messa ge siz e t h a t ca n be e n crypted/decr y p t ed is also 64 bytes when a d d r ess filtering is dis ab le d , e lse it is 4 8 by t e s . th us, i n clu d i n g l en g t h b y t e, t h e l e n g t h of th e p a yl o a d i s ma x 6 5 o r 50 byt e s (t h e l a tte r w h en a d d r e s s f ilt e ri n g is e n ab le d ). if the address filte r ing is expected then addre s sfiltering must be enabled on the transmitter side as well to p r e v e n t address by t e to b e en cr y p t e d . c rc ch e c k bei n g p e rfo r me d o n e n c r ypte d d a t a , c rc o k i n terrupt will oc c ur "decryption time" before pa y lo a d r e ad y interrupt. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 56 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5 .5.6. ha n dling l a rge packe t s when payload length e x ceeds fifo size (66 b y tes) whether in fixed, varia b le or u n limited len g th p acket for m at, in addition to packetsent in tx and p a yloa d r e a dy or c rc o k in rx, the f i fo inter r up t s/flags can be used as described bel o w: ? f or tx: fifo c an be prefilled in sle e p/ s t andby but must be refill e d "on - the - fl y " during tx with the rest of the p a yload. 1) prefill fifo (in sleep/ s t andby fir s t or directly in tx mode) until fifothr e shold or fifofull is set 2) in tx, wait f or fifot h r e s h ol d or fifonotemp t y t o be clea r e d (i .e . f if o i s n e a r l y e m pty) 3) w r ite bytes into the fifo until fi f othreshold or fi f o fu ll is set. 4) c o ntinu e t o st ep 2 unti l th e e n ti re m e ss a g e h a s b e e n w r itt en t o th e fif o ( packet s ent will fire w hen the last bit of the p a cke t ha s b e e n se n t ). ? f or rx: fifo must be unfilled "on - the - fl y " during r x to pre v ent fifo overrun. 1) s t a rt r e a d i n g b y tes f r om the f i f o w he n fi f o n ot e mpty or fifot h r e s h ol d becomes set. 2) s u s p e n d r e a d i n g fr o m t h e f i f o if fifonotempty cle a r s b e f o r e a l l b yte s o f t he messa ge hav e b ee n r e ad 3) con t inue to step 1 until paylo a dre a d y or crc o k fi r e s 4) re ad al l r e mai n in g b yte s f r o m th e f if o eith e r i n r x o r sl e e p / s t a n d by m o de note aes encryption is not feasi b le on large p acke t s, since all payload bytes need to be in the fifo at the same time to p e rfo rm enc r y p t i o n 5 .5.7. p a cket fi l tering RFM69W ' s p acke t ha n dle r o f fer s seve r a l mec h anism s fo r p a cke t filte r in g, e nsu ri n g th at o n l y u s ef u l p a ck e t s a r e m a de av aila b le t o t he uc , r e d ucin g sig n ifica n tl y syste m p o w er co n s u mptio n a n d so f t wa re c o mpl e xit y . 5. 5.7.1 . syn c w o r d b a s ed sync word filtering/recognition is used for identifying the s t art of the p a ylo a d a n d al s o fo r n e two rk i d e n tificatio n. as p r e v iously described, the sync word r e c o gn ition bl o ck is c o n fi g u r ed ( s ize, e r r o r t o le ra nc e , v a l u e) in r e gs y n c v al ue r e gi s te r s. t his in f o rm a t i o n is u s e d , bo th f o r a p p en ding sync word in t x , and filtering p a cke t s in rx. every r e ceived p acket which does not s t art with this locally confi g u r ed sync word is auto m atic a ll y di sc a rd ed a nd no i n ter r u pt i s ge n e r ated. when the sync word is dete c ted, p a ylo a d r e c e ptio n a utom a tic a ll y s t a r t s a nd sy nc a d d r ess m atc h is asser t ed. n o t e sy nc wo rd valu es co n t ai ni n g 0x0 0 byt e (s ) a r e fo r bi d den t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 57 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5.5. 7 .2. a ddress based ad d r e ss fil t e r ing c a n be e n a b l e d via t he a ddressfiltering bi t s. i t ad ds a n othe r l e v el of f i l te ri n g , a b ov e sy nc w o r d (i . e. s ync m u st match fir s t), typically u s e f ul in a multi - node networ k s w h er e a netwo rk i d i s sh a re d b e tw e e n al l n od es (syn c wo r d ) a n d e ac h n o d e h as i t s ow n i d ( a d d r e ss). t wo ad d r e s s b a s ed filt e rin g optio ns a r e a v a ilabl e : ? ad dr es sf ilte r i n g = 0 1 : r e c e iv e d a d d r e s s f ield is c o m p a r ed w ith in t e r n a l r e g is t er nod e add r es s . if they ma t ch then t he p acke t i s accept ed an d p r o c es s e d , o t h e r w i s e i t i s d i sca r d e d. ? addressfiltering = 10: received address field is compared with internal registers nodeaddress and broadcastaddress.if either is a match, the received packet is accepted and processed, otherwise it is discarded. this additional check with a constant is useful for implementing broadcast in a multi - node networks ple a se note that the r e ceived address b y te, as p art of the p a ylo a d , i s n ot st ri p p e d o f f t he p a cke t a nd i s m a d e avail a bl e in the fif o . in addi t ion, n o d e a d d r es s an d addressfiltering o n ly apply to rx. on tx side, if address filtering is e x p e cted, the a d d r e s s byte should simply be put into the fifo like any o t h e r b y te o f the p a yload. a s a d dr ess filt e ri ng r e qui r e s a sy nc wo rd match , both fea t u r es share t h e same interrupt flag sy n ca d d r e s s m a t c h . 5. 5.7.3 . l en g t h b a s ed in variable length packet mode, paylo a dl e n g t h m u s t b e p r o g ra m me d wit h t he m ax i mu m p aylo ad len g t h p e r mit t e d . if r e c ei ved len g t h b y t e i s s mall e r t h a n t hi s ma xi m um t h e n the p a cket is accep t ed and processed, otherwise it is discarded. please note that the received l e ngth byte, as p a rt of the p a y load, is not str i p p e d o f f th e p a ck et a n d i s m a d e a v a ilabl e i n the f i f o . t o di s a bl e thi s f u nctio n th e u s er sho u l d s et th e va l u e o f t he paylo a dl e n g t h t o 2 5 5. 5.5.7.4. crc based the crc check is enabled by setting bit cr c on in r e g p a c ke t c o n f ig 1 . it is used for checking the integrity of the messag e . ? on tx side a two by te crc checksum is calculated on the payload part of the packet and appended to the end of the message ? on rx side the checksum is calculated on the received payload and compared with the two checksum bytes received.the result of the comparison is stored in bit crcok. b y d efault , i f t he cr c c h ec k f a il s t h e n t he fif o i s auto m atic a ll y cl e a r e d an d n o int er r u p t is generated. t h is filte r ing functi o n c an b e disa b l e d vi a crcautoclearoff bit and in this case, even if crc f a ils, the fifo is not c leared and only pay lo a dre a dy interrupt goes high. please note that in both c a s es, the t wo c rc checksum b y tes a r e stripped o f f by the p a c ket handler a n d o n ly the p a y lo a d is ma de a v a ila b le in t h e f if o. t h e c r c is b a s e d o n t h e c c i t t p ol y n om ial a s sh o wn b e lo w . t h is i m pl em e n t a t ion also d e t e c t s e r r o r s d u e t o le ad ing a n d trailing z ero s . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 58 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet d a ta i nput c r c p o l y nomi al =x 1 6 + x 1 2 + x 5 + 1 x 15 x 1 4 x 1 3 x 1 2 x 11 * * * x 5 x 4 * * * x 0 fi g ure 36. crc impl e m en t ation 5 .5.8. dc - free da t a m e chanis m s t h e p ayl o a d t o be t r a n s m itte d ma y con t ain lo ng se q ue n c es of 1's and 0's, which i n troduces a dc bias in the transmitted si g nal . th e r a dio sign a l th us p r o duce d ha s a n on unifo rm p o w e r distri b utio n o v er th e o ccu pi e d ch a nn el ba n dwi d t h. i t a l so i n tro d uce s d a t a d e p en d e n ci es i n th e no r ma l op e r a ti on of t he d e m od u lato r . thus it is useful i f the tra n smitted d a t a is r a ndom a n d dc fr ee . f o r such p u rposes, two techniq u es are made ava i lable in the p a ck et h a ndl e r : ma n c h este r e ncodi n g a nd da t a w h i t e ni n g. n o t e o n l y o ne o f t he tw o m etho ds sh o ul d b e en a ble d a t a tim e. 5. 5.8.1 . m a n c h e ste r e n codi ng m anc h est er e n c o di n g/deco d in g i s e n abl e d i f dc fr ee = 01 and can only be u s ed in packet mode. t h e nr z da t a i s c o nve r te d t o ma n c h este r co de by coding ' 1 ' as "10" and '0' as "01 " . in this case, the maximum chip ra t e is the maximum bit rate given in the specifications section and the actual bit rate is h a lf the c h i p r a t e. m anc h est er enco d in g a nd d eco di n g i s onl y ap p lie d t o th e p ayloa d a n d cr c ch e cksu m w h il e pr e a m b l e an d syn c wo rd a r e kept nrz. howeve r , the chip r at e f r o m p re a mbl e t o cr c i s th e sam e a n d d e fi n e d b y b itr a te in regbitrate (chip rate = bit r ate n rz = 2 x bit rate manchester). manchester encoding/de c oding is thus made trans p a rent for the use r , who s t ill provide s /retrie v es nrz da t a to/from the f i f o 1 /b r ... s y nc 1 /b r p a y load... rf chips @ br ... 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 ... u se r/nrz b i ts t m ancheste r o ff .. . 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 ... u se r/nrz b i ts m ancheste r o n .. . 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 ... figure 3 7. manc h est e r e n co d ing/decodi n g t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 59 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 5 .5.8. 2 . data whi t ening a n oth er t e c h ni q u e c a lle d white n in g o r scr a mbli n g i s widel y u s e d fo r r an d omizin g th e u s er da t a b efo re r a di o t r a n s m issi o n . t h e d a t a i s white n e d usin g a r a n d o m se q ue n c e o n t he t x sid e a n d de - whiten e d on th e r x si de u si ng th e s a m e se q ue n ce. co m p ar ing to ma n c h e st e r t e c h ni qu e it h as t h e a d v an t a g e of k e e p ing nrz da t a rate i.e. actual bit rate is not halve d . t h e white n in g / d e - w hi t e ni ng p r oces s i s en a bl ed i f dc fr ee = 1 0 . a 9 - bit l f s r i s use d t o g e n e rat e a r a n do m s e qu e nce . the p a y load and 2 - by t e c rc checksum is then x o red w ith t his random s equence as s hown belo w . the da t a is de - whitened on the r e ceiver side by xoring with the same rando m sequence. pa y load whitening/de - w hitening is thus made trans p arent for the use r , who still provides/ r etrieves n rz da t a to/from the f i f o . lf s r p o l y no m i a l = x 9 + x 5 + 1 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 0 t r a n s m i t d a t a w h i t e n e d d a t a figure 3 8. da t a whitening t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 60 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 6. configuration and s t atus registers 6.1. general descripti o n t a ble 2 3 r e gisters s u mm a ry addre s s r e g i ste r n a me re s e t (buil t - in) default (recom m en d e d) de s c ription 0x00 r eg f i fo 0 x 0 0 fifo r e ad/write access 0x01 re g o p m o d e 0 x 0 4 o p erating mod e s o f the tr a n sceiver 0x02 r e gda t amo d ul 0 x 0 0 da t a oper a t i o n mod e a n d m o dul a t i o n se t t i ngs 0x03 r e gbitratemsb 0x1a bit r a te setting, most sig n ificant bi t s 0x04 r e gbitrat e l sb 0x0b bi t r a t e se tti ng , le a s t sig n if i c an t b i t s 0x05 r e gfdevmsb 0 x 0 0 fre q ue n c y dev i a t io n se t t i ng , m o s t sig n if i c an t b i t s 0x06 re g f d e v l sb 0 x 5 2 fre q ue n c y dev i a t io n se t t i ng , leas t sign i f i c a n t bi t s 0x07 r e gfrfmsb 0xe4 rf carrier freq u enc y , most s i gnifica n t bi t s 0x08 r e gfrfmid 0xc0 rf carrier freq u enc y , i n t e rmedia t e b i t s 0x09 re g f rflsb 0 x 0 0 rf carrier freq u enc y , l e ast si g n ifica n t bi t s 0x0a r egosc1 0 x 41 r c o scill a t o rs se t ti n gs 0x0b rega fc c t rl 0 x 0 0 af c con t ro l i n l o w m o du l at i o n in d e x s i t u a t ions 0x 0 c r e serv ed 0 c 0 x 02 - 0x 0 d re g l isten1 0 x 9 2 listen mode settin g s 0x0e re g l isten2 0xf5 listen mode i d le d u ration 0x0f re g l isten3 0 x 2 0 lis t e n mod e r x d u r a t i on 0x10 r eg v ersi o n 0 x 24 0x 1 1 regp a level 0x 9 f p a se l e ct i on and output power control 0x12 re g paramp 0 x 0 9 con t ro l o f t h e p a ram p t i m e i n fs k m o de 0x13 re g o cp 0x1a over current protection co n t rol 0x14 reserved14 0 x 40 - 0x15 reserved15 0xb0 - 0x16 reserved16 0x7b - 0x17 reserved17 0x9b - 0x18 r egl n a 0x 0 8 0x 8 8 lna set t i n gs 0x19 reg r xbw 0x 8 6 0x 5 5 channe l filter bw control t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 61 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet addre s s r e g i ste r n a me re s e t (buil t - in) default (recom m en d e d) de s c ription 0x1a re g afcbw 0x 8 a 0x8b cha n ne l f il t e r b w con t ro l dur i n g t h e af c rou t ine 0x1b r e go o k peak 0 x 4 0 ook d e m od u lat o r s e lection a nd control in p e ak m o de 0x 1 c r e go o k a vg 0 x 8 0 a vera g e t h r e s h old co n t r o l o f the ook demodulat o r 0x 1 d r e go o k fix 0 x 0 6 fix e d t h r e shold c o ntr o l of the ook demo d ulator 0x1e re g afcfei 0 x 10 a f c a n d fei c o n t r o l a n d s t a t us 0x1f rega fc msb 0 x 0 0 m sb of the freq u ency correction of t h e afc 0x20 r e gafclsb 0 x 0 0 lsb o f the f r e qu e ncy corr e cti o n of the afc 0x21 reg f e i msb 0 x 0 0 msb of the c a lcula t ed fre q uency error 0x22 reg f ei l s b 0 x 0 0 lsb o f the calc u lated f r e qu e ncy e r r o r 0x23 r e grssiconfig 0 x 0 2 rssi - re l a ted set t i ngs 0x24 reg r ss i v a l ue 0xff rssi val u e in dbm 0x25 re g d i o ma pp i n g 1 0 x 0 0 m a pp i n g o f p i n s d i o 0 to dio3 0x26 re g d i o ma pp i n g 2 0x 0 5 0x 0 7 m a pp i n g o f p i n s d i o 4 a n d dio5 , c l ko u t f r e qu e ncy 0x27 r e gir q fl a g s1 0 x 8 0 s t atus register: p l l lock s t ate, t imeou t, rssi > t h r e shold . .. 0x28 r e gir q fl a g s2 0 x 0 0 s t atus register: fifo h and l ing fla g s... 0x29 regrss i thr e sh 0xff 0xe4 rssi t h resho l d control 0x2a r egrx t ime o ut1 0 x 0 0 t i meo u t dur a t i o n be t we e n r x re q ues t an d rss i d e t ect i on 0x2b r egrx t ime o ut2 0 x 0 0 t i meo u t d ur a t i o n be t we e n rss i de t ec ti o n a n d payl o adr e a dy 0x 2 c r e gpreamb l emsb 0 x 0 0 pr e ambl e l eng t h , msb 0x 2 d re g preamble l sb 0 x 0 3 pr e ambl e l eng t h , lsb 0x2e regsyncconfig 0 x 9 8 syn c w or d r e c o gn i t i o n con t rol 0x 2f - 0 x 3 6 regsync v a l ue 1 - 8 0x 0 0 0x 0 1 sync w o rd byt e s, 1 t h ro u gh 8 0x37 r e gpacke t co n f i g1 0 x 10 p a ck e t m o de s e t ti n g s 0x38 regp a y l oa d len g th 0 x 4 0 paylo a d len g t h se tti ng 0x39 r e gnodeadrs 0 x 0 0 nod e a ddress 0x3a r e gbroadcastadrs 0 x 00 b r o ad ca s t ad d r e ss 0x3b r egau t omo d es 0 x 0 0 auto m o des setti n gs 0x 3 c r e g fi f o t h r esh 0 x 0f 0x8f fi fo t hresh o l d , tx s t ar t c o ndi ti o n 0x 3 d r e gpacke t co n f i g2 0 x 02 p a ck e t m o de s e t ti n g s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 62 rf m 69 w addre s s r e g i ste r n a me re s e t (buil t - in) default (recom m en d e d) de s c ription 0x3e - 0x 4 d r e gaeskey 1 - 1 6 0 x 0 0 16 byt e s of the cyph e r key 0x4e reg t emp1 0 x 0 1 t e mperature se n sor c o ntr o l 0x4f reg t emp2 0 x 0 0 t e mperature re a dout 0x58 re g t est l na 0x1b sensitivity boost 0x5a reg t e s tp a1 0 x 5 5 high p o wer p a set t i ngs 0x 5 c reg t e s tp a2 0 x 7 0 high p o wer p a set t i ngs 0x6f r e g t es t dagc 0x 0 0 0x 3 0 f a ding mar g in impr o v e ment 0x71 reg t e s ta fc 0 x 0 0 af c o f fs e t f o r lo w mod u la ti o n i nde x afc 0 x 5 0 + re g t est - i n t e r n a l t e st r eg i s t e r s note - reset v alues are aut o maticall y r e f r esh ed i n t he module at power on reset - defa ult val u e s a r e r e c o mm e nd ed r e g i st e r v a lu e s, o p ti m izi n g t h e d e vi c e o p e r a t ion - re gi ste rs fo r w h ic h t he d e f a ul t v a lu e di ffe rs fr om t he r e se t v a lu e a re d e n o t ed b y a * i n t he t abl es of sectio n 6 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 63 rf m 69 w 6.2. common conf i guration registers t a ble 2 4 c o mm on c o nfig u r a ti on r e giste rs name ( a d d res s ) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode d e f a u l t v a lue d e sc r i p ti on reg f i fo ( 0 x00) 7 - 0 f i fo rw 0x00 f i fo d a t a i n pu t/ ou t put regopmode ( 0 x01) 7 s e qu e ncero f f rw 0 c o n t rol s t h e a u t oma tic s e qu e nce r (s e e s e cti o n 4 .2 ): 0 op e r a t i ng mode as sel e ct e d w ith m o de bi t s i n r e gopmode is automatic a lly r e ach e d w ith t h e se q ue n cer 1 mo d e is fo rced by t h e u ser 6 l istenon rw 0 en a b l e s l i sten mo d e , s h ould b e e na b led w h ilst i n s t and b y mo d e : 0 o f f (see section 4.3) 1 on 5 l istenab o rt w 0 ab o r t s listen mode w h en set t o g e ther with listenon=0 se e s e c t i o n 4 . 3. 4 f o r de t ai l s always reads 0. 4 - 2 m o d e rw 0 01 t r a n sc e i ve r ? s op e r a t i n g mod e s: 0 0 0 sl e ep mode (sleep) 0 0 1 s t a ndby mode (st d by) 0 1 0 f r e qu e ncy synth e sizer m o de (fs) 0 1 1 t ransmitt e r m o de (tx) 1 0 0 rec e iver m o de (rx) o th e rs reserved r e ad s t h e valu e c o rr e s p on d in g to t h e c u rr e n t c h i p m o de 1 - 0 - r 00 u nused regd a t a m o dul ( 0 x02) 7 - r 0 u nused 6 - 5 d a t a mode rw 00 d a t a pr o cessing mod e : 0 0 packet mode 0 1 reserved 1 0 con t i n uo u s mod e w i t h b it synchr o nizer 1 1 con t i n uou s mod e w i t h ou t b it sync h r o nizer 4 - 3 m o dula t i on t y p e rw 0 0 mo d ulati o n sc h e me: 0 0 fsk 0 1 o ok 10 - 1 1 re s e rved 2 - r 0 u nused 1 - 0 m o dula t i onsh a ping rw 00 d a t a sh a p in g : i n fsk: 0 0 n o sha p ing 0 1 g a ussia n f il t e r , b t = 1 . 0 1 0 g a ussia n f il t e r , b t = 0 . 5 1 1 g a ussia n f il t e r , b t = 0 . 3 in oo k : 0 0 n o sha p ing 0 1 f i l t erin g w i t h f c u t o f f = br 1 0 f i l t erin g w i t h f c u t o f f = 2*br 1 1 reserved regbitrat e msb ( 0 x03) 7 - 0 b i t r a t e (15:8) rw 0x1a msb of bit r a te (chip rate w hen m a nchest e r e n cod i ng i s e nab l ed) t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 64 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sens ing d at a sheet regbitratelsb ( 0 x04) 7 - 0 b i tr a t e (7: 0 ) rw 0x0b l s b o f b i t ra te (ch i p ra te i f manc h est e r e ncod i n g is e nab l ed) b i t r a t e = - - ----- - f --- - x --- - o -- - - - s -- - c --------- - bi t rat e (15 , 0) d e f a ul t v a lue : 4 .8 kb/s regfdevmsb ( 0 x05) 7 - 6 - r 00 u nused 5 - 0 fd e v( 1 3 : 8 ) rw 0 00 0 00 msb of the f r e qu e ncy d e viati o n reg f dev l s b ( 0 x06) 7 - 0 fd e v( 7 : 0 ) rw 0x52 l s b of t h e fre q uency dev i a t i on f d e v = fs t e p ? f d e v (1 5 , 0 ) d e f a ult v a lue: 5 khz regfrfmsb ( 0 x07) 7 - 0 frf( 2 3:16) rw 0xe4 msb of the rf carri e r freq u ency regfrfmid ( 0 x08) 7 - 0 frf( 1 5:8) rw 0xc0 mi d d le byte of t h e rf c a rrier fre q ue n cy reg f rf l sb ( 0 x09) 7 - 0 frf( 7 : 0 ) rw 0 x00 l sb of t h e r f carrier fr e que n cy fr f = f st e p ? d e f a ul t v a lue : frf = 9 1 5 m h z (3 2 mh z xo) regosc1 ( 0 x 0 a) 7 r c c al s t a rt w 0 t ri g ger s t h e c a libr a t i o n o f t h e r c osc i lla t o r whe n s e t. al w a ys re a d s 0. rc ca l ibration must be tr i gger e d in s t and b y mo d e . 6 r c c ald o ne r 1 0 r c c a l ibrati o n in pro g r e ss 1 r c c a librati o n is o ver 5 - 0 - r 0 00 0 01 u nused rega fc c t rl ( 0 x 0 b) 7 - 6 - r 00 u nused 5 afclo w be t a on rw 0 improved afc r o utine f o r s i gn a ls w i th mo d u lati o n index l o wer t h an 2. r e f e r to section 3.4.16 f o r de t ai l s 0 s t an d ar d af c rou t i n e 1 improv e d afc routine 4 - 0 - r 0 0 000 u nused reserved0c ( 0 x 0c) 7 - 0 - r 0x02 u nused t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 65 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet reg l ist e n1 ( 0 x 0d) reg l ist e n2 ( 0 x 0 e) reg l ist e n3 ( 0 x 0f) reg v ersi o n ( 0 x10) 7 - 6 l is t enr e s o li dl e r w 1 0 r e solu ti o n o f l i ste n mo d e i d l e t i m e (ca l ibra t e d r c o sc): 0 0 reserved 0 1 6 4 us 1 0 4 .1 ms 1 1 262 ms 5 - 4 l istenre s o lrx rw 01 r e soluti o n of l i sten mo d e rx time (cal i b rated rc osc): 0 0 reserved 0 1 6 4 us 1 0 4 .1 ms 1 1 262 ms 3 l isten crit e ria rw 0 cr i t er i a for p a ck e t accep t a n ce i n listen mod e : 0 s i gnal stren g th is a b ove rssithreshold 1 s i gnal stren g th is a b ove rssithreshold and syncaddress matched 2 - 1 l istenend rw 01 action t a ken a f t e r a cc e p t ance of a p a cket i n listen mode: 0 0 ch ip s t ays in rx mode. l i st e n mode sto p s a nd must b e d isab l ed (see section 4.3). 0 1 chip s t ays in rx mode until paylo a dre a dy or t i m e ou t i nt e rr u p t occurs . it t h e n g oe s to t h e mo d e d e f i ned b y mod e . l i s t e n mo d e s t o p s a n d m u s t b e d i sabl ed (s e e section 4.3). 1 0 chip s t ays in rx mode until paylo a dre a dy or t i m e ou t int e rrupt occurs. l i st e n m o de t h en resumes in i d le s t a t e . f i fo c o n t e n t is lo s t a t n e xt rx w a k e u p . 1 1 reserved 0 - r 0 u nused 7 - 0 l is t enc o ef i d l e rw 0x f5 d u r a t io n o f th e i d l e phas e i n l i st e n m o de. t li s t e n idle ? l i ste nc o e fi d l e ? l ist e n r e so l idle 7 - 0 l is t enc o ef r x rw 0x2 0 d u r a t io n o f th e r x p h as e i n l i s t e n mo d e (s t ar t u p ti me i n clu d ed, s e e s e cti o n 4.2.3) t l is t en rx ? listenco e f r x ? l ist e n r e s o l r x 7 - 0 v ersi o n r 0 x24 v ersi o n c o de of t h e ch i p . bi t s 7 - 4 give the f u ll revision n u mber; b i t s 3 - 0 g i ve t h e me t a l mask r e vision n u mbe r . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 66 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 6.3. t ransmitter registers t a ble 2 5 t r a n s m itter r e g i s t ers name (address) bi t s v ar i a ble n am e m o de d e f a ult v a l u e de s c ription re g p a level (0x 1 1) 7 p a 0 o n * rw 1 ena b le s p a 0 , co n nec t e d to rf io a n d lna re g p a ra mp (0x12) 7 - 4 - r 0 000 u n used 3 - 0 p a r amp rw 1 001 ris e / f al l ti m e o f r a m p u p/ d ow n i n fsk 0 0 0 0 3.4 ms 0 0 0 1 2 ms 0 0 1 0 1 ms 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 us 0 1 0 0 2 5 0 us 0 1 0 1 1 2 5 us 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 us 0 1 1 1 6 2 us 1 0 0 0 5 0 u s 1 0 0 1 4 0 u s 1 0 1 0 3 1 u s 1 0 1 1 2 5 u s 1 1 0 0 2 0 u s 1 1 0 1 1 5 u s 11 1 0 1 2 us 11 1 1 1 0 us re g o cp (0x13) 7 - 5 - r 0 0 0 u n used 4 ocpon rw 1 e na b les overload current protection (ocp) f o r t h e p a: 0 ocp d isab l ed 1 ocp e na b led 3 - 0 ocp t rim rw 1 010 t rimming of ocp curre n t : im a x = 45 + 5 ? ? 95 ma ocp by defau l t note *power amplifier truth t a ble is a v ailable in t able 1 0 * * o n l y th e 1 6 u p p er valu es o f o u t p utpowe r a r e a cc e ssible t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 67 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 6.4. receiver registers t a ble 2 6 r e ceiver re g ist e rs name ( a d d res s ) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode d e f a u l t v a lue d e sc r i p ti on reserved14 ( 0 x14) 7 - 0 - r 0x40 u nused reserved15 ( 0 x15) 7 - 0 - r 0xb0 u nused reserved16 ( 0 x16) 7 - 0 - r 0x7b u nused reserved17 ( 0 x17) 7 - 0 - r 0x9b u nused reg l na ( 0 x18) 7 l nazin rw 1 * l n a ? s input imp e dance 0 5 0 ohms 1 2 0 0 o h ms 6 - r 0 u nused 5 - 3 l nac u rrentg a in r 0 01 c u rr e n t l na g a in, set e i t h er m a nua l l y , or by t h e agc 2 - 0 l nagai n select rw 0 00 l n a g a in set t i ng: 0 0 0 g a in set b y the i n ter n al agc l o op 0 0 1 g1 = highest g a in 0 1 0 g 2 = hig h es t g ai n C 6 db 0 1 1 g 3 = hig h es t g a i n C 1 2 db 1 0 0 g 4 = hig h es t g ai n C 2 4 db 1 0 1 g 5 = hig h es t g ai n C 3 6 db 1 1 0 g 6 = hig h es t g a i n C 4 8 db 1 1 1 reserved regrxbw ( 0 x19) 7 - 5 d ccfreq rw 0 1 0 * c u t - o f f fr e que n cy of t h e dc o f fs e t canc e ller (dcc): - -- - - ------------- ---- ~ 4 % of t h e rxbw by defa u lt 4 - 3 r xb w m a n t rw 1 0 * c h an n e l f i l t e r b and w i d th con t rol: 0 0 rxbwm an t = 1 6 1 0 rxbwmant = 24 0 1 rxbwm an t = 2 0 1 1 reserved 2 - 0 r xb w e xp rw 1 0 1 * c h an n e l f i l t e r b and w i d th con t rol: fsk mode: rx b w = ------ - ------------ ---- - f --- - x --- - o --- - s --- - c - ---------------- - ----- - - r x bwman t ? 2 rxbwex p + 2 ook mod e : rx b w = ------ - ---------------- - f --- - x --- - o --- - s --- - c - ---------------- - ----- - - r x bwman t ? 2 rxbwex p + 3 s e e t a b le 1 4 f o r t a bu la t ed v a l u es regafcbw ( 0 x 1 a) 7 - 5 d ccfreqaf c rw 1 0 0 d ccfreq p a ram e ter used d u ring t h e afc 4 - 3 r xb w m a n t a fc rw 01 rxbwmant p a r a m e t e r us e d during the afc 2 - 0 r xb w e x p afc rw 0 1 1 * r xbwexp p a r a met e r u s e d during t h e afc t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 68 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet regookpeak ( 0 x 1 b) 7 - 6 ookt h resh t y pe rw 01 se l e c t s type of t h res h old in the ook da t a slicer: 0 0 f i x e d 10 aver a g e 0 1 pe a k 1 1 rese r ved 5 - 3 ookpe a kth e sh s tep rw 0 00 size of each d e crement of the rssi t h resho l d in t h e ook d e modu l ator: 0 0 0 0 .5 d b 00 1 1 .0 d b 0 1 0 1 .5 d b 0 1 1 2. 0 db 1 0 0 3 .0 d b 10 1 4 .0 d b 1 1 0 5 .0 db 11 1 6 .0 db 2 - 0 o okpe a kthr e s h dec rw 0 00 per i od of d e crement of the rssi t h res h old in t h e ook d e modu l ator: 0 0 0 o n ce p e r c h ip 0 0 1 once every 2 chi p s 0 1 0 once every 4 chi p s 0 1 1 o n ce every 8 chi p s 1 0 0 twice in e a ch c h ip 10 1 4 ti me s i n e a c h c h ip 1 1 0 8 t i me s i n eac h chi p 1 1 1 16 times i n each chip regook a vg ( 0 x 1c) 7 - 6 ook a v e r a gethreshfi l t rw 1 0 filter coe f ficie n t s in av e r a ge mode of t h e ook d e modu l ator: 0 0 f c ch i p r a t e / 32 . 0 1 f c c h ip r a te / 8 . 1 0 f c ch i p r a t e / 4 . 1 1 f c c h ip r a te / 2 . 5 - 0 - r 0 00 0 00 u nused regookfix ( 0 x 1d) 7 - 0 ookfixedthresh rw 0 1 1 0 (6d b ) fi xe d t hresh o ld val u e ( i n db ) i n th e oo k d e m o du l at o r . us e d when ook t hres t ype = 00 rega fc f e i ( 0 x 1 e) 7 - r 0 u nused 6 f e i done r 0 0 fei i s o n - g oi n g 1 fei fi n i shed 5 fe i s t art w 0 t r i g gers a fei me a surement when s e t. a l ways r e ads 0. 4 afcd o ne r 1 0 afc is on - g o ing 1 afc has f i nished 3 afca u t o cl e a r o n rw 0 o n ly v a lid if af c au t o o n is set 0 afc register is not c l eared b e f o re a new afc p h ase 1 afc register is c l eared b e f o re a n ew afc p hase 2 afca u t o on rw 0 0 afc is perf o rmed each time afc s t a rt is s e t 1 afc is perf o rmed each time rx m o de is entered 1 afccl e a r w 0 c l ears t h e afc v al u e if set in rx m o de. a l ways r e ads 0 0 afc s t art w 0 t ri g gers an afc w h en set. always rea d s 0 . rega fc msb ( 0 x 1f) 7 - 0 afc v a l u e(15:8) r 0 x00 msb of the afc v a lue, 2 ? s comp l e ment f o rmat regafclsb ( 0 x20) 7 - 0 afc v al u e(7 : 0) r 0x00 l s b o f t h e a f c v al u e , 2 ? s c o m p leme nt f ormat fr eq u enc y c o rr e c t i o n = afc v a l ue x fst e p regfeimsb ( 0 x21) 7 - 0 fe i v a lue(1 5 : 8 ) r - msb of the measured fre q ue n cy o f fset, 2 ? s c o m p lement reg f ei l sb ( 0 x22) 7 - 0 fe i v a lue(7 : 0 ) r - l s b of t h e m e asured frequ e ncy o f fs e t , 2 ? s complem e nt frequency error = fe i v a l u e x fs t e p regrssi c onfig ( 0 x23) 7 - 2 - r 0 00 0 00 u nused 1 r ss i done r 1 0 r s s i i s on - g o ing 1 r s s i sampl i n g i s fi n i she d , resu l t ava i lab l e 0 r ss i s t a rt w 0 t ri g ger a rssi measure m e n t w h en set. alw a ys re a d s 0 . regrssi v a lue ( 0 x24) 7 - 0 r ss i v a lue r 0 xff abs o lute value o f the rssi in d b m, 0. 5 d b ste p s. rssi = - rss i v a l ue /2 [ d bm] t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 69 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 6.5. irq and pin mapping registers t a ble 2 7 irq a n d pin mapping registers n a me (ad d r es s ) bi t s v a ri ab le n a me mode default v a l ue d es c ri pt i on r e gdi o m a pp i ng1 (0x25) 7 - 6 d io 0 m a pp i ng rw 00 m a pping of p i ns dio0 to d i o5 s e e t abl e 2 1 fo r map p in g i n c o n t inu o u s m o de s e e t able 2 2 for map p ing in pack e t mode 5 - 4 d io 1 m a pp i ng rw 00 3 - 2 d io 2 m a pp i ng rw 00 1 - 0 d io 3 m a pp i ng rw 00 r e gdi o m a pp i ng2 (0x26) 7 - 6 d io 4 m a pp i ng rw 00 5 - 4 d io 5 m a pp i ng rw 00 3 - r 0 u nus e d 2 - 0 c lko u t rw 111 * selec t s clkout frequency: 0 0 0 fx o sc 0 0 1 fx o sc / 2 0 1 0 fx o sc / 4 0 1 1 fx o sc / 8 1 0 0 fx o sc / 16 1 0 1 fx o sc / 32 1 1 0 r c ( a u t o m a t i c a lly en a b l e d ) 1 1 1 o f f r e g i rqf l ags1 (0x27) 7 m o der e ady r 1 s e t w he n t h e op e r a t i o n mo d e req u es t e d i n mode , is r e ady - sle e p: e n ter i ng sle e p m o de - s t a ndby : x o i s r u nn i ng - f s : pll is locked - rx: r s si sampling s t ar t s - t x : p a ramp - up co m p leted c l ear e d whe n ch a ng i n g op e r a t i n g mod e . 6 rxrea dy r 0 s e t i n r x mod e , a f t e r rss i, ag c a n d afc. c lear e d whe n l e avi n g r x . 5 t xready r 0 set in tx mode, a f ter p a ramp - up. c lear e d when l e avi n g tx. 4 plllock r 0 s e t (in f s , rx o r tx) w h en the pll is locked. c lear e d when it is not. 3 r ssi rwc 0 s e t in rx wh e n the r s si v a l u e excee d s rssithreshold. c lear e d when l e avi n g r x . 2 t imeo u t r 0 s e t wh e n a tim e out o cc u rs (see t i m e ou trx s t a rt a n d timeoutrssithres h ) c lear e d when l e avi n g r x or fifo is emptied. 1 a u t omode r 0 s e t wh e n en t eri n g in t erme d ia te m o de. c l ear e d whe n e x i t i n g i n t e rm e dia te mod e . p l eas e n o t e t ha t i n sl e e p m o d e a sm a l l de l a y c a n be o bserve d b et w ee n automode in t errup t an d t he c o rr e s pon d in g e nt e r/ e x i t con d i t ion. 0 syncaddressmatch r/rwc 0 s e t wh e n sy n c a nd address (if e nab l ed) are detect e d . c lear e d when l e avi n g r x or fifo is emptied. t h i s b i t is read o n l y i n packet mo d e , rwc in co n t i nuo u s mode t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 70 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet r e g i rqf l ags2 (0x28) 7 fi f o f ull r 0 s e t wh e n f i f o i s f u l l ( i .e . con t ai n s 6 6 b y tes) , else c l eare d . 6 fi f o n otemp ty r 0 s e t wh e n f i f o c o n t ain s a t l eas t o n e by t e , e l s e c le a r e d 5 f ifo l evel r 0 s e t w h en the num b e r o f byt e s in the f i fo strict l y e xc e eds fif o t h r e s h ol d , else clea r e d. 4 f ifooverrun rwc 0 s e t wh e n fifo overrun occurs. ( e xc e p t in s l eep mod e ) fl a g (s) a n d fifo are cleared w hen t h is bit is s e t. the fifo t h e n beco mes immed i at e ly avai l able f o r t h e next tr a n sm i ss i o n / rece p t i on. 3 p acke ts ent r 0 s e t i n tx w h e n t h e compl e t e p a ck e t h a s b e e n sen t. c l ear e d whe n e x i t i n g tx. 2 p a yl o a dre a d y r 0 set in r x wh en th e p a yl o a d is r e a d y ( i . e . l a st b yte r e ceived a nd crc, i f e n a bled and crcautoc l e aroff is c l eare d , is ok). c lear e d w hen f i fo is empt y . 1 crcok r 0 s e t i n r x wh e n th e c r c o f t h e p ay l oa d i s ok . cle a r e d w he n f i fo i s emp t y . 0 - r 0 u nus e d regrssithresh (0x29) 7 - 0 r ssithreshold rw 0 xe4 * r ssi tr i gger lev e l for rssi i n t e rr u pt : - rssithreshold / 2 [ d bm] r e grx t ime o ut1 (0x2a) 7 - 0 t imeoutrx s t a rt rw 0x 0 0 timeo u t int e rru p t is ge n erated t im e o u trx s t a r t * 1 6* t b it a f t e r switc h i n g to rx m o d e if rs s i i n t e rrupt d oesn ? t occur ( i . e . rssi v a lue > rssithreshold) 0 x 00 : t im eo u t rx s t a rt i s d i sab l ed r e grx t ime o ut2 (0x2b) 7 - 0 t imeoutrssithresh rw 0x00 timeo u t int e rru p t is ge n erated t i m e outrssithres h * 1 6* t b it a f t e r rssi i n t e rr up t if pay l oad r ea d y i n t e rr u p t d o esn?t occu r . 0 x 00 : t imeoutrssithresh i s d i sabl ed t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 71 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 6.6. packet e n gine registers t a ble 2 8 packet engine registers name (address) b i t s v a r ia ble n am e mode d e fault v a l u e d e scr ip t ion regpreamblemsb (0x2c) 7 - 0 pre a m b lesiz e ( 1 5 : 8 ) rw 0 x00 size of t h e preamb l e to be se n t (fr o m tx s t a r tco nd ition fulfil l e d). (msb byt e ) regpreamblelsb (0x2d) 7 - 0 pre a m b lesiz e ( 7 : 0 ) rw 0x03 size of t h e preamb l e to be se n t (fr o m tx s t a r tco nd ition f u lfill ed ). (lsb b yt e ) regsy n c c on f ig (0x2e) 7 syncon rw 1 en a b les the sync w o rd ge n eration a n d detectio n : 0 o f f 1 on 6 fifofillcond i ti o n rw 0 fifo fill i ng con d it i on: 0 i f syncaddre s s interrupt occurs 1 a s l o n g a s f i fofil l con d ition is set 5 - 3 syncsize rw 0 1 1 size of the s ync wo r d : ( syncsize + 1) byt e s 2 - 0 sync t ol rw 0 0 0 n u m b e r o f t o lerated bit e r ror s in sync word regsy n c v a l ue1 (0x2f) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(6 3 : 5 6) rw 0x01 * 1 s t byte of sy n c w o rd. (msb byt e ) use d i f syncon is s e t. regsy n c v a l ue2 (0x30) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(5 5 : 4 8) rw 0x01 * 2 nd b y te o f s ync word use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) >= 2 . regsy n c v a l ue3 (0x31) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(4 7 : 4 0) rw 0x01 * 3 rd byte o f sync w o rd. use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) >= 3 . regsy n c v a l ue4 (0x32) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(3 9 : 3 2) rw 0x01 * 4 th b yte o f sy n c w o r d . use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) >= 4 . regsy n c v a l ue5 (0x33) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(3 1 : 2 4) rw 0x01 * 5 th byte of sync word. use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) >= 5 . regsy n c v a l ue6 (0x34) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(2 3 : 1 6) rw 0x01 * 6 th b yte o f sy n c w o r d . use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) >= 6 . regsy n c v a l ue7 (0x35) 7 - 0 sync v a l u e(1 5 : 8 ) rw 0 x01 * 7 th b yte o f sy n c w o r d . use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) >= 7 . regsy n c v a l ue8 (0x36) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(7:0) rw 0x01 * 8 th b yte o f sy n c w o r d . use d i f syncon i s se t an d (syncsize +1) = 8. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 72 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet r egp a c k e t c on f ig1 (0x37) 7 packetformat rw 0 defines the p a cket format used: 0 fi xe d l e ng th 1 v a r i able l ength 6 - 5 d cfree rw 0 0 d e f i n es dc - fr e e e n co d ing/d e c o di n g perf o rmed: 0 0 none (o f f ) 0 1 m a nches t e r 1 0 wh i te n ing 1 1 r e s e rv ed 4 c rcon rw 1 en a b les crc calc u latio n / c h eck (tx/rx): 0 o f f 1 on 3 c rcaut o c l earo f f rw 0 d e fi n e s the b eh a v i or of the p a ck e t ha n dler wh e n crc che c k fails: 0 c l ear fifo and res t art n e w p a cket r e ceptio n . no p a ylo ad re ad y i n t e rr u pt iss u e d . 1 d o n o t cl e a r f i f o. payl o adr e a dy i n t e rr u pt iss u e d . 2 - 1 ad d ressf i lt e ring rw 00 d e fi n e s addr e s s b a s e d f i lt e ring in rx: 0 0 none (o f f ) 0 1 address f i eld must match n o d e a dd re s s 1 0 address f i eld must match n o d e a dd re s s or br oa dc a s t ad d r e ss 1 1 r e s e rv ed 0 - rw 0 u n used regp a y loa d le n g th (0x38) 7 - 0 p ay l oad l en g th rw 0x40 if packe t f o r m a t = 0 ( f ixed) , p aylo a d len g t h . if pack e tformat = 1 (vari a ble), max le n g th in rx, not used in tx. reg n odea d rs (0x39) 7 - 0 n o dead d ress rw 0x00 n o de ad d r e ss us e d in ad d ress filteri n g. regbroadcastadrs (0x3a) 7 - 0 bro a d castaddress rw 0 x00 broa d cast a d dress used in a d dress f i lt e ring. rega u t o m o des (0x3b) 7 - 5 e n t erc o nd i ti o n rw 0 0 0 i n t errup t c o nd i ti o n f o r e n t e rin g t h e in t erme d ia te m o de: 0 0 0 no n e ( a u t o m o de s o f f) 0 0 1 rising ed g e o f fi f o no te mpty 0 1 0 rising ed g e o f fi f o level 0 1 1 risi ng edg e o f crcok 1 0 0 rising ed g e o f payl o adr e ady 1 0 1 rising ed g e o f syncadd r ess 1 1 0 risi ng edg e o f packetsent 11 1 f a lli ng edg e o f f i f o no te m p t y (i. e . f i fo e m p ty) 4 - 2 e xi t co n di ti on rw 0 0 0 i n t errup t c o nd i ti o n f o r ex i ti n g t h e in t ermed i at e mo d e : 0 0 0 no n e ( a u t o m o de s o f f) 0 0 1 f a lli ng ed g e o f fi f o no te mpt y (i. e . fi f o e m p t y) 0 1 0 rising ed g e o f fi f o leve l or t i m e out 0 1 1 risi ng edg e o f crcok or t im e o u t 1 0 0 rising ed g e o f payl o adr e ady or t im eo u t 1 0 1 rising ed g e o f syncadd r ess or t im e o u t 1 1 0 risi ng edg e o f p a ck e ts en t 11 1 r ising e dg e of t im e o u t 1 - 0 intermed i atemode rw 00 i n t e rmedia t e mo d e : 0 0 sl ee p m o de ( sle e p) 0 1 s t an d b y m o d e (stdby) 1 0 re c e iv er m o de (r x ) 1 1 t ransmitter mode (tx) t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 73 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet regfifothresh (0x3c) 7 tx s t a rtco n d ition rw 1 * d e f in e s th e co nd ition t o s t art p a cket transmission : 0 fif ol e v e l (i. e . the num b e r o f byt e s in t h e fifo exceeds fif o t h r esh o ld) 1 fif o n o tem p ty (i . e . a t l e as t o n e by te i n t h e f i fo) 6 - 0 f i f o t hresho l d rw 0 0 0 11 1 1 use d to t r i gg e r fif o lev e l i n t e rr up t. regp a c k e t c on f ig2 (0x3d) 7 - 4 interpacket r xde l ay rw 0 000 a f t e r p a yloa d r ea d y occurred, d e f i nes the d e lay b e t w een f i fo empty and the s t a rt of a n e w rssi p h ase f o r n e xt p a ck et . m u st m a tch th e tr an smitt e r ? s p a r a m p - d own t i m e . - t d ela y = 0 i f inter p acketrxdelay >= 1 2 - t de l a y = ( 2 inte r p ack e t r xd e l a y ) / bitrate otherw i se 3 - rw 0 u n used 2 r e s t a rtrx w 0 f o rces the r e ceiver in w ait mod e, in co n t i n uo u s rx mod e . always reads 0. 1 auto r x r es t a rton rw 1 en a bles a u tom a tic rx res t a r t (rssi ph a se) a f t e r p a ylo ad re ad y o c c u rr e d a n d p a cket h a s been complet e l y re a d fr o m f i f o: 0 o f f . res t art r x c a n be us ed . 1 o n . r x a u t o m a t i c a ll y res t a r t e d a f t e r interpacketrxdela y . 0 aeson rw 0 enable the aes encrypt i on/de c ryption: 0 o f f 1 on ( p ayl o ad limited to 66 byt e s m a ximum) rega e s k e y1 (0x3e) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 1 27:12 0 ) w 0x00 1 s t by te o f c i ph e r ke y (ms b by t e ) rega e s k e y2 (0x3f) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 1 19: 1 1 2 ) w 0 x00 2 nd b y te o f c i ph e r key rega e s k e y3 (0x40) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 1 1 1:10 4 ) w 0x00 3 rd byte o f cip h er k e y rega e s k e y4 (0x41) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 1 03:96) w 0 x00 4 th byte of ci p her key rega e s k e y5 (0x42) 7 - 0 aesk e y ( 9 5 :88) w 0 x00 5 th byte of ci p her key rega e s k e y6 (0x43) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 8 7 :80) w 0 x00 6 th byte of ci p her key rega e s k e y7 (0x44) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 7 9 :72) w 0 x00 7 th byte of ci p her key rega e s k e y8 (0x45) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 7 1 :64) w 0 x00 8 th byte of ci p her key rega e s k e y9 (0x46 ) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 6 3 :56) w 0 x00 9 th byte of ci p her key rega e s k e y10 (0x47) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 5 5 :48) w 0 x00 1 0 t h by te o f c i ph e r key rega e s k e y 1 1 (0x48) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 4 7 :40) w 0 x00 1 1 t h byte of c i pher key rega e s k e y12 (0x49) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 3 9 :32) w 0 x00 1 2 t h by te o f c i ph e r key rega e s k e y13 (0x4a) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 3 1 :24) w 0 x00 1 3 t h by te o f c i ph e r key t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 74 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet rega e s k e y14 (0x4b) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 2 3 :16) w 0 x00 1 4 t h by te o f c i ph e r key rega e s k e y15 (0x4c) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 1 5 : 8 ) w 0x00 1 5 t h by te o f c i ph e r key rega e s k e y16 (0x4d) 7 - 0 aesk e y( 7 : 0 ) w 0 x00 1 6 t h by te o f c i ph e r ke y (ls b b y t e ) 6.7. t e mperature sens o r re g i sters t a ble 2 9 t emp e rature s e nsor re g is t ers name (address) b i t s v a r ia ble n am e mode d e fault v a l u e d e scr ip t ion reg t e m p1 (0x4e) 7 - 4 - r 0 000 u n used 3 t em p m e a s s t a rt w 0 t rig g e rs the t e mp e rature me a s u rement w h en set. alw a ys r e a d s 0. 2 t em p m e asru n ning r 0 se t t o 1 w h il e t h e t e mpera t ur e meas u r e m en t i s ru n nin g . t o g g l e s ba ck to 0 wh en t h e m ea s u re m e n t ha s c o m p l e t e d. t h e receiv er ca n n o t b e u s e d whi l e m e asuri ng t e mper a t ure 1 - 0 - r 01 u n used reg t e m p2 (0x4f) 7 - 0 t em p v a l ue r - meas u r e d t e m p era t ure - 1c per lsb n e eds calibrat i on f o r a cc u racy 6.8. t e st registers t a ble 3 0 t est re g is t ers name (address) b i t s v a r ia ble n am e mode d e fault v a l u e d e scr ip t ion re g t est l na (0x58) 7 - 0 se n sitivityb o ost rw 0 x1b h i g h sensi t ivity or n o rmal sensitivity m o de: 0x 1 b n orma l m o de 0x 2 d high se n sitivity mode re g t e s t p a1 (0x5a) 7 - 0 pa 13dbm 1 rw 0x55 set to 0x 5 d f o r + 2 0 dbm o p eration o n p a _ b oos t . 0x 5 5 norma l mod e a n d r x m o de 0x 5 d +2 0 dbm m od e r e v e rt to 0x 5 5 wh en r e c e ivi n g or u s i n g p a0 re g t e s t p a2 (0x5c) 7 - 0 pa 13dbm 2 rw 0x70 set to 0x 7 c f o r + 2 0 dbm o p eration o n p a _ b oost 0x 7 0 norma l mod e a n d r x m o de 0x 7 c +2 0 dbm m od e r e v e rt to 0x 7 0 wh en r e c e ivi n g or u s i n g p a0 re g t est d agc (0x6f) 7 - 0 c o n tinu o usdagc rw 0x30 * f adi ng m a rgi n i m p r ovemen t, r e f e r to 3 . 4.4 0x 0 0 normal mod e 0x 2 0 impr o ved margin, use if afclowbe t a on=1 0x 3 0 impr o ved margin, use if afclowbe t a on=0 r e g t e s t afc (0x71) 7 - 0 l owbe t a af c o f fset rw 0 x00 afc o f fset set for low modulation i n dex syste m s, used if afclowbe t a on= 1 . off s e t = l o wbe t aafcoffset x 4 8 8 hz t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 75 rf m 69 w ad v a nced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 7. application information 7.1. crys t al reso n ator s pecification t able 3 1 shows the c ry s t al resonator specification for the cr y s t a l reference o s cillator cir c uit of the RFM69W . this s p ecificati o n c o v e r s t he ful l r a ng e of o pe r atio n of the RFM69W and is e m plo y ed in the r e ference design. t a ble 3 1 crys t al specification symbol de s c ription c on d it i o ns min t y p m a x unit fx osc x t al f r e qu e ncy 2 6 - 32 m h z rs x t al serial resis t ance - 30 140 ohms c0 x t al shunt c a p a ci t ance - 2.8 7 pf c l oad ext e r n a l f o ot c a p a ci t a n c e on each p i n x t a and xtb 8 1 6 22 pf notes - the initial frequen c y tolerance, temperature s t ability and ageing performan c e should be c hosen in ac c ordance wit h th e t ar g e t op e r a ti ng tem p er a t u r e r a n g e a n d th e r eceive r ba n dwi d t h s e lect e d . - th e l o adi ng ca p aci t a n c e sh o ul d be a p plie d e xt e rn a ll y , a n d a d a p t ed t o t he act u a l cloa d s p ecific a ti on o f th e x t al. - a mini m u m x t a l f r eq u enc y o f 28 m h z i s r eq u ir ed t o c o v er t he 8 6 3 - 8 70 mh z b a n d, 29 m h z fo r th e 90 2 - 9 2 8 mhz b a nd 7.2. reset of the module a power - on reset of the RFM69W is tri g gered at po w er up. additionall y , a manual re s et can be i s sued by c ontrolling pin reset . 7 .2.1. por i f th e a p plicatio n r eq u ir es t he disc o n n ecti on of vd d f r o m t h e RFM69W , des pi t e o f t he e xt r em ely lo w sle ep mo de cu r r e nt, the user should wait for 10 ms from of the e n d of the por cycl e b e f o r e c o mm e ncin g co m mu n ic a ti o n s ove r t he sp i b us . pin 6 (reset ) sh o ul d b e le f t flo a tin g d u ri ng t he po r s e qu e nce. vdd reset pi n ( ou t p ut) u n def i n ed w ai t f o r 1 0 m s module i s re a d y from thi s po i n t o n figure 39. por t iming di a gram ple a se n o t e th a t a n y cl k out ac t ivity c a n al s o be used to detect that the module is read y . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 76 rf m 69 w ad v anced communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 7 .2.2. manu a l reset a m a nu al res et o f t he RFM69W i s p o ssib l e eve n fo r a p p lic ations in w hi c h v dd c annot be physically di s conne c ted. the reset pin s h oul d be p ulle d hi g h fo r a hu n d r e d micr o s ec on d s , an d th en r el e a s ed. the user sho u ld then wait for 5 ms befo r e using the module . vdd reset pi n high - z > 10 0 us ?? 1 ?? w ai t f o r 5 ms high - z module i s re a d y from thi s po i n t o n ( i nput) figure 4 0 . m a nual r e set t i mi n g diagr a m note whilst pin reset is driven high, an over current con s umption of up to ten mil liam p s c an be seen on vdd. 7.3. reference desi g n ple a se con t act your represen t a tive for e v aluation tools, r e fer e n c e desig n s and d e sign assis t ance. note that all schematics sho w n in this sec t ion are f u ll s chematics, listing all r e q uir ed com p on e n t s , i n cl u di ng deco u pli n g c a p a cit o rs. fi g ure 41. +13dbm sch e matic t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 77 rf m 69 w d communic a tions & sensing d at a sheet 8. packaging information 8.1. s2 package o u tline drawi n g figure 42: s2 packaging outline drawing t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 78 rf m 69 w ad v 9 . ordering information RFM69W p /n: RFM69W - 315s2 RFM69W module at 315 mhz band, smd package p/n: RFM69W - 433s2 RFM69W module at 433mhz band, smd package p/n: RFM69W - 868s2 RFM69W module at 868 mhz band, smd package p/n: RFM69W - 915s2 RFM69W module at 915 mhz band, smd package hope microelectronics co.,ltd add: 2/f, building 3, pingshan private enterprise science and technology park, lishan road, xili town, nanshan district, shenzhen, guangdong, china tel : 86 - 755 - 82973805 fax: 86 - 755 - 82973550 email: sales@hoperf.com website: http://www.hoperf.com http://www.hoperf.cn this document may contain preliminary information and is subject to change by hope microelectronics without notice. hope microelectronics assumes no responsibility or liability for any use of the information contained herein. nothing in this document shall ope rate as an express or implied license or indemnity under the intellectual property rights of hope microelectronics or third parties. the products described in this document are not intended for use in implantation or other direct life support applications where malfunction may result in the direct physical harm or injury to persons. no warranties of any kind, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of mechantability or fitness for a articular purpose, are offered in this document. ?2006, hop e microelectronics co.,ltd. all rights reserved. package operation band mode type t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///

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