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data sheet april 2008 qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w applications n distributed power architectures n communications equipment n computer equipment options n heat sinks available for extended operation n auto-restart after overtemperature, overvoltage, or overcurrent shutdown n choice of short pin lengths n case ground pin features n small size: 36.8 mm x 57.9 mm x 12.7 mm (1.45 in. x 2.28 in. x 0.50 in.) n high power density n extra high efficiency: 85% typical n low output noise n constant frequency n industry-standard pinout n metal baseplate n 2:1 input voltage range n overvoltage and overcurrent, overtemperature protection n negative remote on/off n remote sense n adjustable output voltage n iso * 9001 and iso 14001 certified manufacturing facilities n ul ? 60950 recognized, csa ? c22.2 no. 60950-00 certified, and vde 0805 (en60950) licensed n ce mark meets 73/23/eec and 93/68/eec direc- tives** * iso is a registered trademark of the international organization for standardization. ? ul is a registered trademark of underwriters laboratories, inc. ? csa is a registered trademark of canadian standards associa- tion. vde is a trademark of verband deutscher elektrotechniker e.v. ** this product is intended for integration into end-use equipment. all the required procedures for ce marking of end-use equip- ment should be followed. (the ce mark is placed on selected products.) the qhw series power modules use advanced, surface- mount technology and deliver high-quality, efficient, and compact dc-dc conversion. description the qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, and qhw100f1-q power mo dules are dc-dc converters that operate over an input voltage range of 36 vdc to 75 vdc and provide a precisely regulated dc output. the outputs are fully isolated from the inputs, allowing versatile polarity configurations and groundi ng connections. the modules have maximum power ratings from 33 w to 66 w at a typical full-load efficiency of 85%. the sealed modules offer a metal bas eplate for excellent thermal performanc e. threaded-through holes are pro- vided to allow easy mounting or addition of a heat sink for high-temperature applications. the standard feature set includes remote sensing, output trim, and remote on/off for convenient flexibility in distributed power applications.
2 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; absolute maximum ratings stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. these are abso- lute stress ratings only. functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely af fect device reliability. electrical specifications unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating in put voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. table 1. input specifications fusing considerations caution: this power module is not internally fu sed. an input line fuse must always be used. this encapsulated power module can be used in a wide va riety of applications, ranging from simple stand-alone operation to an integrated pa rt of a sophisticated power ar chitecture. to preserve maxi mum flexibility, internal fus- ing is not included; however, to achieve maximum safety and system protection, always use an input line fuse. the safety agencies require a normal-blow fuse with a maximu m rating of 20 a (see safety considerations section). based on the information provided in this data sheet on inrush energy and maximum dc input current, the same type of fuse with a lower rating can be used. refer to the fu se manufacturer?s data for further information. parameter symbol min max unit input voltage: continuous transient (100 ms) v i v i, trans ? ? 75 100 vdc v operating case temperature (see thermal considerations section.) t c ?40 100 c storage temperature t stg ?55 125 c i/o isolation voltage (for 1 minute) ? ? 1500 vdc parameter symbol min typ max unit operating input voltage v i 36 48 75 vdc maximum input current: v i = 0 v to 75 v; i o = i o, max ; see figures 1?3: qhw050f1-q qhw075f1-q qhw100f1-q v i = 36 v to 75 v; i o = i o, max : qhw050f1-q qhw050f1-q qhw075f1-q i i, max i i, max i i, max i i, max i i, max i i, max ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.5 3.5 4.5 1.9 2.7 3.5 a a a a a a inrush transient i 2 t??1.0a 2 s input reflected-ripple current, peak-to-peak (5 hz to 20 mhz, 12 h source impedance; see figure 17.) i i ?10?map-p input ripple rejection (120 hz) ? ? 60 ? db
lineage power 3 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; electrical specifications (continued) table 2. output specifications * consult your sales representative or the factory. ? these are manufacturing test limits. in some situations, results may differ. ? total tolerance may be tighter than specified under various line, load or ambient condition. n for a reduced line range of 44 to 52 volts: line regulation = +/-3mv/+7mv n for a case temperature range of 30 to 55 co: temperature drift = 20 mv table 3. isolation specifications parameter device symbol min typ max unit output voltage set point (v i = 48 v; i o = i o, max ; t c = 25 c) all v o, set 3.24 3.3 3.36 vdc output voltage (over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions until end of life. see figure 19.) all v o 3.2 ? 3.4 vdc output regulation: line (v i = 36 v to 75 v) load (i o = i o, min to i o, max ) temperature (t c = ?40 c to +100 c) all all all ? ? ? ? ? ? 0.01 ? 0.05 15 ? 0.1 ? 0.2 50 ? %v o %v o mv output ripple and noise voltage (see figure 18.): rms peak-to-peak (5 hz to 20 mhz) all all ? ? ? ? ? ? 40 150 mvrms mvp-p external load capacitance all ? 0 ? * f output current (at i o < i o, min , the modules may exceed output ripple specifications.) qhw050f1-q qhw075f1-q qhw100f1-q i o i o i o 0.5 0.5 0.5 ? ? ? 10 15 20 a a a output current- limit inception (v o = 90% of v o, nom ) qhw050f1-q qhw075f1-q qhw100f1-q i o, cli i o, cli i o, cli ? ? ? 15 20 25 20 ? 26 ? 32 ? a a a efficiency (v i = 48 v; i o = i o, max ; t c = 70 c; see figure 19.) qhw050f1-q qhw075f1-q qhw100f1-q ? ? ? 85 85.5 84.5 ? ? ? % % % switching frequency all ? ? 380 ? khz dynamic response ( i o / t = 1 a/10 s, v i = 48 v, t c = 25 c; tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capacitor across the load): load change from i o = 50% to 75% of i o, max : peak deviation settling time (v o < 10% of peak deviation) load change from i o = 50% to 25% of i o, max : peak deviation settling time (v o < 10% of peak deviation) all all all all ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 6 200 6 200 ? ? ? ? %v o, set s %v o, set s parameter min typ max unit isolation capacitance ? 2500 ? pf isolation resistance 10 ? ? m
4 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; general specifications feature specifications unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating in put voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. see the feature descriptions section for additional information. * these are manufacturing test limits. in some situations, results may differ. solder, cleaning, and drying considerations post solder cleaning is usually the final circuit-board assembly process prior to electrical testing. the result of inad- equate circuit-board cl eaning and drying can affect both the reliability of a power mo dule and the testability of the finished circuit-board assembly. for guidance on appropri ate soldering, cleaning, and drying procedures, refer to lineage power board-mounted power modules soldering and cleaning application note (ap97-021eps). parameter min typ max unit calculated mtbf (i o = 80% of i o, max ; t c = 40 c) 2,200,000 hours weight ? ? 75 (2.7) g (oz.) parameter symbol min typ max unit remote on/off signal interface (v i = 0 v to 75 v; open collector or equivalent compatible; signal referenced to v i (?) terminal): logic low?module on logic high?module off logic low: at i on/off = 1.0 ma at v on/off = 0.0 v logic high: at i on/off = 0.0 a leakage current turn-on time (see figure 16.) (i o = 80% of i o, max ; v o within 1% of steady state) v on/off i on/off v on/off i on/off ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 20 1.2 1.0 15 50 35 v ma v a ms output voltage adjustment: output voltage remote-sense range output voltage set-point adjustment range (trim) ? ? ? 90 ? ? 0.5 110 v %v o, nom output overvoltage protection v o, sd 3.8* ? 4.5* v overtemperature protection t c ?105? c
data sheet april 2008 lineage power 5 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; characteristic curves the following figures provide typical ch aracteristics for the power modules. 8-3261(f) figure 1. typical qhw050f1-q input characteristics at room temperature 1-0038 figure 2. typical qhw075f1-q input characteristics at room temperature 8-3262(f) figure 3. typical qhw100f1-q input characteristics at room temperature 8-3263(f) figure 4. typical qh w050f1-q converter efficiency vs. output current at room temperature 1.4 20 input voltage, v i (v) input current, i i (a) 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 i o = 10 a i o = 5.5 a i o = 1 a 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 25 20 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7 5 input current, i i (a) input voltage, v i (v) i o = 15 a i o = 8.25 a i o = 1.5 a 2.5 20 input voltage, v i (v) input current, i i (a) 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 i o = 20 a i o = 11 a i o = 2 a 90 1 output current, i o (a) efficiency, ( % ) 23456789 10 85 80 75 70 65 60 v i = 75 v v i = 48 v v i = 36 v
6 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; characteristic curves (continued) 8-3455(f) figure 5. typical qhw075f1-q converter efficiency vs. output current at room temperature 8-3264(f) figure 6. typical qhw100f1-q converter efficiency vs. output current at room temperature 8-3265(f) note: see figure 18 for test conditions. figure 7. typical qhw0 50f1-q output ripple voltage at room temperature; i o = i o , max 8-3456(f) note: see figure 18 for test conditions. figure 8. typical qhw0 75f1-q output ripple voltage at room temperature; i o = i o , max 90 85 1.5 output current, i o (a) efficiency, (%) 80 75 70 65 60 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 v i = 75 v v i = 48 v v i = 36 v 89 2 output current, i o (a) efficiency, ( % ) 345678910 11 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 v i = 75 v v i = 48 v v i = 36 v output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) time, t (1 s/div) v i = 36 v v i = 48 v v i = 75 v output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) time, t (1 s/div) v i = 36 v v i = 48 v v i = 75 v
lineage power 7 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; characteristic curves (continued) 8-3266(c) note: see figure 18 for test conditions. figure 9. typical qhw100f1-q output ripple voltage at room temperature; i o = i o , max 8-3267(f) note: tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capaci- tor across the load. figure 10. typical qhw050f1-q transient response to step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load at room temperature and 48 vdc input. (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-3457(f) note: tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capaci- tor across the load. figure 11. typical qhw075f1-q transient response to step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load at room temperature and 36 vdc input. (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-3268(f) note: tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capaci- tor across the load. figure 12. typical qhw100f1-q transient response to step increase in load from 50% to 75% of full load at room temperature and 48 vdc input. (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) output voltage, v o (v) (50 mv/div) time, t (1 s/div) v i = 36 v v i = 48 v v i = 75 v output voltage, v o (v) (100 mv/div) time, t (100 s/div) output current, i o (a) (2 a/div) output voltage, v o (v) (100 mv/div) time, t (100 s/div) output current, i o (a) (5 a/div) output voltage, v o (v) (200 mv/div) time, t (200 s/div) output current, i o (a) (5 a/div)
8 8 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; characteristic curves (continued) 1-0088 note: tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capaci- tor across the load. figure 13. typical qhw050f1-q transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% of full load at room temperature and 48 vdc input. (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-3458(f) note: tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capaci- tor across the load. figure 14. typical qhw075f1-q transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% of full load at room temperature and 48 vdc input. (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 1-0089 note: tested with a 1000 f aluminum and a 1.0 f ceramic capaci- tor across the load. figure 15. typical qhw100f1-q transient response to step decrease in load from 50% to 25% of full load at room temperature and 48 vdc input. (waveform averaged to eliminate ripple component.) 8-3269(f) figure 16. typical start-up from remote on/off; i o = i o , max time, t (50 s/div) output voltage, v o (v) (100 mv/div) output current, i o (a) (1 a/div) output voltage, v o (v) (200 mv/div) time, t (100 s/div) output current, i o (a) (2 a/div) time, t (200 s/div) output current, i o (a) (5 a/div) output voltage, v o (v) (200 mv/div) remote on/off, v on/off (v) time, t (5 ms/div) output voltage, v o (v) (1 v/div) 9400 f 3300 f 800 f no cap
lineage power 9 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; test configurations 8-203(f).l note: measure input reflected-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (l test ) of 12 h. capacitor c s offsets possible bat- tery impedance. measure current as shown above. figure 17. input reflected-ripple test setup 8-513(f).d note: use a 1.0 f ceramic capacitor and a 10 f aluminum or tan- talum capacitor. scope measurement should be made using a bnc socket. position the load between 51 mm and 76 mm (2 in. and 3 in.) from the module. figure 18. peak-to-peak output noise measurement test setup 8-749(f) note: all measurements are tak en at the module terminals. when socketing, place kelvin connec tions at module terminals to avoid measurement errors due to socket contact resistance. figure 19. output voltage and efficiency measurement test setup design considerations input source impedance the power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the power mod- ule. for the test configuration in figure 17, a 33 f electrolytic capacitor (esr < 0.7 at 100 khz) mounted close to the power module helps ensure sta- bility of the unit. for othe r highly inductive source impedances, consult the factory for further application guidelines. safety considerations for safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., ul 60950, csa c22.2 no. 60950-00, and vde 0805 (en60950). if the input source is non-selv (elv or a hazardous voltage greater than 60 vdc and less than or equal to 75 vdc), for the module?s output to be considered meeting the requirements of safety extra-low voltage (selv), all of the following must be true: n the input source are to be provided with reinforced insulation from any hazardous voltages, including the ac mains. n one v i pin and one v o pin are to be grounded, or both the input and output pins are to be kept floating. n the input pins of the module are not operator acces- sible. n another selv reliability test is conducted on the whole system, as required by the safety agencies, on the combination of supply source and the subject module to verify that under a single fault, hazardous voltages do not appear at the module?s output. note: do not ground either of the input pins of the module without grounding one of the output pins. this may allows a non-selv voltage to appear between the output pin and ground. the power module has extra-low voltage (elv) outputs when all inputs are elv. the input to these units is to be provided with a maxi- mum 20 a normal-blow fuse in the ungrounded lead. to oscilloscope current probe battery l test 12 h c s 220 f esr < 0.1 @ 20 c, 100 khz 33 f esr < 0.7 @ 100 khz v i (+) v i (?) 1.0 f resistive scope copper strip 10 f load v o (+) v o (?) v i (+) i i i o supply contact contact and load sense(+) v i (?) v o (+) v o (?) sense(?) resistance distribution losses v o (+) ? v o (?) [] i o v i (+) ? v i (?) [] i i ------------------------------------------------ ?? ?? x100 =%
10 10 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; feature descriptions overcurrent protection to provide protection in a fault (output overload) condi- tion, the unit is equipped with internal current-limiting circuitry and can endure current limiting for up to one second. if overcurrent exists for more than one second, the unit will shut down. at the point of current-limit inception, the unit shifts from voltage control to current control. if the output volt- age is pulled very low during a severe fault, the current- limit circuit can exhibit either foldback or tailout charac- teristics (output current decrease or increase). the module is available in two overcurrent configura- tions. in one configuration, when the unit shuts down it will latch off. the overcurrent latch is reset by either cycling the input power or by toggling the on/off pin for one second. in the other configuration, the unit will try to restart after shutdown. if the output overload con- dition still exists when the un it restarts, it will shut down again. this operation will cont inue indefinitely until the overcurrent conditi on is corrected. remote on/off negative logic remote on/off turns the module off dur- ing a logic high and on during a logic low. to turn the power module on and off, the user must supply a switch to control the voltage between the on/off termi- nal and the v i (?) terminal (v on/off ). the switch can be an open collector or equivalent (see figure 20). a logic low is v on/off = 0 v to 1.2 v. the maximum i on/off during a logic low is 1 ma. the switch should maintain a logic- low voltage while sinking 1 ma. during a logic high, the maximum v on/off generated by the power module is 15 v. the maximum allowable leakage current of the switch at v on/off = 15 v is 50 a. if not using the remote on/o ff feature, short the on/off pin to v i (?). 8-720(f).c figure 20. remote on/off implementation remote sense remote sense minimizes the effects of distribution losses by regulating the voltage at the remote-sense connections. the voltage between the remote-sense pins and the output terminal s must not exceed the out- put voltage sense range given in the feature specifica- tions table, i.e.: [v o (+) ? v o (?)] ? [sense(+) ? sense(?)] 0.5 v the voltage between the v o (+) and v o (?) terminals must not exceed the minimum output overvoltage pro- tection value shown in the feature specifications table. this limit includes any in crease in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage set- point adjustment (trim). see figure 21. if not using the remote-sense feature to regulate the output at the point of load, then connect sense(+) to v o (+) and sense(?) to v o (?) at the module. although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. the maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. the amount of power delivered by the module is defined as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. when using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. sense(+) v o (+) sense(?) v o (?) v i (?) + ? i on/off on/off v i (+) load v on/off
lineage power 11 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; feature descriptions (continued) remote sense (continued) 8-651(f).m figure 21. effective ci rcuit configuration for single-module remote-sense operation output voltage set-point adjustment (trim) output voltage trim allows the user to increase or decrease the output voltage set point of a module. this is accomplished by connecti ng an external resistor between the trim pin and either the sense(+) or sense(?) pins. the trim resistor should be positioned close to the module. if not using the trim feature, leave the trim pin open. with an external resistor between the trim and sense(?) pins (r adj-down ), the output voltage set point (v o, adj ) decreases (see figure 22). the following equa- tion determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. with an external resistor connected between the trim and sense(+) pins (r adj-up ), the output voltage set point (v o, adj ) increases (see figure 23). the following equation determines the required exter- nal-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. the voltage between the v o (+) and v o (?) terminals must not exceed the minimum output overvoltage pro- tection value shown in the fe ature specifications table. this limit includes any increase in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage set- point adjustment (trim). see figure 21. although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. the maximum increase is th e larger of either the remote sense or the trim. consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. the amount of power delivered by the module is defined as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. when using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. 8-748(f).b figure 22. circuit configuration to decrease output voltage 8-715(f).b figure 23. circuit configuration to increase output voltage note: the output voltage of this module may be increased by a maximum of 0.5 v. the 0.5 v is the combination of both the remote-sense and the output voltage set-point adjustment (trim). do not exceed 3.8 v between the v o (+) and v o (?) terminals. sense(+) sense(?) v i (+) v i (?) i o load contact and supply i i contact v o (+) v o (?) distribution losses resistance r adj-down 510 % --------- -10.2 ? ?? ?? k = r adj-up 5.1 v o 100 % + () 1.225 % ---------------------------------------------- - 510 % --------- - ? 10.2 ? ?? ?? k = v i (+) v i (?) on/off case v o (+) v o (?) sense(+) trim sense(?) r adj-down r load v i (+) v i (?) on/off case v o (+) v o (?) sense(+) trim sense(?) r adj-up r load
12 12 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; feature descriptions (continued) output overvoltage protection the output overvoltage protection consists of circuitry that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. if the voltage on the output terminals exceeds the overvolt- age protection threshold, then the module will shut down and latch off. the overvoltage latch is reset by either cycling the input power for one second or by tog- gling the on/off signal for one second. if the auto-restart option is chosen, the unit will ?hiccup? until the tempera- ture is within specification. overtemperature protection these modules feature an overtemperature protection circuit to safeguard against thermal damage. the cir- cuit shuts down and latches off the module when the maximum case temperature is exceeded. the module can be restarted by cycling the dc input power for at least one second or by toggling the remote on/off signal for at least one second. if th e auto-restart option is cho- sen, the unit will ?hiccup? un til the temperature is within specification. thermal considerations introduction the power modules operate in a variety of thermal environments; however, suff icient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation of the unit. heat-dissipating components inside the unit are ther- mally coupled to the case. heat is removed by conduc- tion, convection, and radiation to the surrounding environment. proper cooling can be verified by mea- suring the case temperature. peak temperature (t c ) occurs at the position indicated in figure 24. 8-2104(f) note: top view, pin locations are for reference only. measurements shown in millimeters and (inches). figure 24. case temperature measurement location the temperature at this location should not exceed 100 c. the output power of the module should not exceed the rated power for the module as listed in the ordering information table. although the maximum case temperature of the power modules is 100 c, you can limit this temperature to a lower value for extremely high reliability. heat transfer without heat sinks increasing airflow over the module enhances the heat transfer via convection. figures 25 and 26 show the maximum power that can be dissipated by the module without exceeding the maximum case temperature ver- sus local ambient temperature (t a ) for natural convec- tion through 3 m/s (600 ft./min.). note that the natural convection condition was mea- sured at 0.05 m/s to 0.1 m/s (1 0 ft./min. to 20 ft./min.); however, systems in which these power modules may be used typically generate natural convection airflow rates of 0.3 m/s (60 ft./min.) due to other heat dissipat- ing components in the system. the use of figure 25 is shown in the following example. example what is the minimum airflow necessary for a qhw100f1-q operating at v i = 48 v, an output current of 15 a, transverse orientation, and a maximum ambi- ent temperature of 40 c? solution given: v i = 48 v i o = 15 a t a = 40 c determine p d (use figure 29): p d = 7.75 w determine airflow (v) (use figure 25): v = 0.5 m/s (100 ft./min.) 14 (0.55) on/off trim (+)sense (?)sense 33 (1.30) v i (+) v i (?) v o (?) v o (+)
lineage power 13 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer without heat sinks (continued) 8-2321(f).a figure 25. forced convection power derating with no heat sink; transverse orientation 8-2318(f).b figure 26. forced convection power derating with no heat sink; longitudinal orientation 8-3270(f) figure 27. qhw050f1-q power dissipation vs. output current at 25 c 8-3459(f) figure 28. qhw075f1-q power dissipation vs. output current at 25 c 20 0 local ambient temperature, t a ( c) power dissipation, p d (w) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3.0 m/s (600 ft./min.) 2.0 m/s (400 ft./min.) 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.) 15 10 5 0 0.1 m/s (20 ft./min.) natural convection 20 0 local ambient temperature, t a ( c) power dissipation, p d (w) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 15 10 5 0 3.0 m/s (600 ft./min.) 2.0 m/s (400 ft./min.) 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.) 0.1 m/s (20 ft./min.) natural convection 1 output current, i o (a) power dissipation, p d (w) 23456789 10 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 v i = 36 v v i = 48 v v i = 75 v 10 9 1.5 output current, i o (a) power dissipation, p d (w) 8 7 6 5 4 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 3 2 1 0 v i = 36 v v i = 48 v v i = 75 v
14 14 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer without heat sinks (continued) 8-3271(f) figure 29. qhw100f1-q power dissipation vs. output current at 25 c heat transfer with heat sinks the power modules have through-threaded, m3 x 0.5 mounting holes, which enable heat sinks or cold plates to attach to the module. the mounting torque must not exceed 0.56 n-m (5 in.-lbs.). for a screw attachment from the pin side, the recommended hole size on the customer?s pwb around the mounting holes is 0.130 0.005 inches. if a larger hole is used, the mounting torque from the pin side must not exceed 0.25 n-m (2.2 in.-lbs.). thermal derating with heat sinks is expressed by using the overall thermal resistance of the module. total module thermal resistance ( ca) is defined as the max- imum case temperature rise ( t c, max ) divided by the module power dissipation (p d ): the location to measure case temperature (t c ) is shown in figure 24. case-to-ambient thermal resis- tance vs. airflow is shown, fo r various heat sink config- urations, heights, and orientations, as shown in figures 30 and 31. longitudinal orientation is defined as when the long axis of the module is parallel to the airflow direction, whereas in the transverse orientation, the long axis is perpendicular to the airflow. these curves were obtained by experimental testing of heat sinks, which are offered in the product catalog. 8-2323(f).a figure 30. case-to-ambient thermal resistance curves; transverse orientation 8-2324(f).a figure 31. case-to-ambient thermal resistance curves; longitudinal orientation 14 2 output current, i o (a) power dissipation, p d (w) 34567891011 12 10 8 6 4 2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 v i = 75 v v i = 48 v v i = 36 v ca t cmax , p d -------------------- - t c t a ? () p d ------------------------ == 10 0 velocity, m/s (ft./min.) case-to-ambient thermal 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 resistance, ca ( c/w) (100) (200) (300) (400) (500) (600) no heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1 in. heat sink 10 0 velocity, m/s (ft./min.) case-to-ambient thermal 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 resistance, ca ( c/w) (100) (200) (300) (400) (500) (600) no heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1 in. heat sink 11
lineage power 15 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer with heat sinks (continued) 8-2889(f) figure 32. heat sink power derating curves; natural convection; transverse orientation 8-2890(f) figure 33. heat sink power derating curves; natural convection; longitudinal orientation 8-2891(f) figure 34. heat sink power derating curves; 1.0 m/s (200 lfm); transverse orientation 8-2892(f) figure 35. heat sink power derating curves; 1.0 m/s (200 lfm); longitudinal orientation these measured resistances are from heat transfer from the sides and bottom of the module as well as the top side with the attached he at sink; therefore, the case-to-ambient thermal resistances shown are gener- ally lower than the resistance of the heat sink by itself. the module used to collect the data in figures 30 and 31 had a thermal-conductive dry pad between the case and the heat sink to minimize contact resistance. the use of figure 30 is shown in the following example. 20 0 local ambient temperature, t a ( c) power dissipation, p d (w) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 15 10 5 0 1 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink no heat sink 20 0 local ambient temperature, t a ( c) power dissipation, p d (w) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 15 10 5 0 1 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink no heat sink 20 0 local ambient temperature, t a ( c) power dissipation, p d (w) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 15 10 5 0 no heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1 in. heat sink 20 0 local ambient temperature, t a ( c) power dissipation, p d (w) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 15 10 5 0 no heat sink 1/4 in. heat sink 1/2 in. heat sink 1 in. heat sink
16 16 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; thermal considerations (continued) heat transfer with heat sinks (continued) example if an 85 c case temperatur e is desired, what is the minimum airflow necessary? assume the qhw100f1-q module is operating at v i = 48 v and an output current of 20 a, maximum ambient air tempera- ture of 40 c, and the heat sink is 1/2 inch. the module is oriented in the transverse direction. solution given: v i = 48 v i o = 20 a t a = 40 c t c = 85 c heat sink = 1/2 inch determine p d by using figure 29: p d = 11.5 w then solve the following equation: use figure 30 to determine ai r velocity for the 1/2 inch heat sink. the minimum airflow necessary for this module is 0.75 m/s (150 ft./min.). custom heat sinks a more detailed model can be used to determine the required thermal resistance of a heat sink to provide necessary cooling. the total module resistance can be separated into a resistan ce from case-to-sink ( cs) and sink-to-ambient ( sa) as shown in figure 36. 8-1304(f).e figure 36. resistance from case-to-sink and sink-to-ambient for a managed interface using thermal grease or foils, a value of cs = 0.1 c/w to 0.3 c/w is typical. the solution for heat sink resistance is: this equation assumes that all dissipated power must be shed by the heat sink. depending on the user- defined application environment, a more accurate model, including heat transfer from the sides and bot- tom of the module, can be used. this equation pro- vides a conservative esti mate for such instances. emc considerations for assistance with designing for emc compliance, please refer to the fltr100v10 filter module data sheet (ds99-294eps). layout considerations copper paths must not be routed beneath the power module mounting inserts. for additional layout guide- lines, refer to the fltr100v10 filter module data sheet (ds99-294eps). ca t c t a ? () p d ------------------------ = ca 85 40 ? () 11.5 ----------------------- - = ca 3.91 c/w = p d t c t s t a cs sa sa t c t a ? () p d ------------------------ - cs ? =
lineage power 17 data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; outline diagram dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). tolerances: x.x mm 0.5 mm (x.xx in. 0.02 in.) x.xx mm 0.25 mm (x.xxx in. 0.010 in.) top view side view bottom view 8-1769(f).b * side label inclu des lineage name, product designation, safety agency markings, input/output voltage and current ratings, and bar code. 57.9 (2.28) 36.8 (1.45) 1.02 (0.040) dia solder-plated brass, 6 places 1.57 (0.062) dia solder-plated brass, 2 places 12.7 (0.50) 4.1 (0.16) min, 2 places 0.51 (0.020) 4.1 (0.16) min, 6 places 3.5 (0.14) min side label* 3.6 (0.14) 10.9 (0.43) 5.3 (0.21) 26.16 (1.030) 15.24 (0.600) 5.3 (0.21) mounting inserts m3 x 0.5 through, 4 places ? sense trim + sense on/off 3.81 (0.150) 7.62 (0.300) 11.43 (0.450) 15.24 (0.600) 50.80 (2.000) 7.62 (0.300) 47.2 (1.86) v o (+) v o (?) v i (?) v i (+) 11.2 (0.44) 12.7 (0.50) riveted case pin (optional) 1.09 x 0.76 (0.043 x 0.030)
18 lineage power data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; recommended hole pattern component-side footprint. dimensions are in millim eters and (inches). 8-1769(f).b ordering information please contact your lineage power account manager or fiel d application engineer fo r pricing and availability. table 4. device codes optional features can be ordered using the suffixes shown in table 5. to order more than one option, list device codes suffixes in numerically descending order. for exam ple, the device code for a qhw100f1-q module with the following option is shown below: auto-restart after overtemperature, overvoltage, or overcurrent shutdown qhw100f41-q table 5. device options input voltage output voltage output power output current remote on/off logic device code comcode 48 vdc 3.3 vdc 33 w 10 a negative qhw050f1-q 108741596 48 vdc 3.3 vdc 49.5 w 15 a negative qhw075f1-q 108741612 48 vdc 3.3 vdc 66 w 20 a negative qhw100f1-q 108741570 option device code suffix short pins: 2.79 mm 0.25 mm (0.110 in. +0.020 in./?0.010 in.) 8 case ground pin 7 short pins: 3.68 mm 0.25 mm (0.145 in. 0.010 in.) 6 auto-restart after overtemperature, over- voltage, or overcurrent shutdown 4 3.6 (0.14) 10.9 (0.43) 26.16 (1.030) 15.24 (0.600) 7.62 (0.300) 5.3 (0.21) mounting inserts m3 x 0.5 through, 4 places ? sense trim + sense on/off 5.3 (0.21) 47.2 (1.86) 15.24 (0.600) 7.62 (0.300) 11.43 (0.450) 3.81 (0.150) v o (+) v o (?) v i (?) v i (+) case pin (optional) 11.2 (0.44) 12.7 (0.50) 50.80 (2.000)
data sheet april 2008 lineage power 19 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc inpu t, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f 1-q, and qhw100f1-q power modules; ordering information (continued) table 6. device accessories dimensions are in millim eters and (inches). accessory comcode 1/4 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 848060992 1/4 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink , thermal pad, and screws) 848061008 1/2 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 848061016 1/2 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink , thermal pad, and screws) 848061024 1 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 848061032 1 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 848061040 8-2473(f) figure 37. longitudinal heat sink 8-2472(f) figure 38. transverse heat sink 26.16 0.13 (1.030 0.005) 57.91 0.38 (2.280 0.015) 1/4 in. 1/2 in. 1 in. 36.83 0.38 (1.450 0.015) 47.24 0.13 (1.850 0.005) 1/4 in. 1/2 in. 1 in.
data sheet april 2008 dc-dc converters: 36 to 75 vdc i nput, 3.3 vdc output; 33 w to 66 w qhw050f1-q, qhw075f1-q, a nd qhw100f1-q power modules; april 2008 fds01-087eps (replaces fds01-086eps) world wide headquarters lin eag e po wer co rp oratio n 30 00 skyline drive, mesquite, tx 75149, usa +1-800-526-7819 (outside u.s.a.: +1- 97 2-2 84 -2626 ) www.line ag ep ower .co m e-m ail: tech sup por t1@ lin ea gep ower .co m asia-pacific headquart ers tel: +65 6 41 6 4283 eu ro pe, m id dle-east an d afr ic a he ad qu ar ter s tel: +49 8 9 6089 286 india headquarters tel: +91 8 0 28411633 lineage power reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. no liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. no rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information. ? 2008 lineage power corporation, (mesquite, texas) all international rights reserved.

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