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| Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Designer Reference Manual M68HC08 Microcontrollers DRM059/D Rev. 0 3/2004 MOTOROLA.COM/SEMICONDUCTORS For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Designer Reference Manual by: Jaromir Chocholac TU682 Czech Systems Laboratories e-mail: jaromir.chocholac@motorola.com To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be the most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information available, refer to: http://motorola.com/semiconductors The following revision history table is provided to summarize any changes contained in future revisions of this document. For your convenience, the page number designators will be linked to the appropriate location. Motorola and the Stylized M Logo are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. DigitalDNA is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. This product incorporates SuperFlash(R) technology licensed from SST. All brand names and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. (c) Motorola, Inc., 2004 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA DRM059 3 For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Revision History Revision History Date March, 2004 Revision Level N/A Initial release Description Page Number(s) N/A Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 4 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Revision History For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- DRM059 Table of Contents Section 1. Introduction 1.1 Application Intended Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Benefits of Our Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Section 2. Quick Start 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Cluster Control Panel Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Demo System Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Local Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Remote Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Remote Control Connector Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Application Reprogramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Bootloader Connector Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ODO/TRIP Button Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Section 3. Hardware Description 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 How Instruments Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speedometer and Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tachometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22 22 22 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 MC68HC908LJ12 Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 MC33970 Gauge Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 26 28 29 30 31 3.5 Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.1 Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.1.1 External EEPROM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.2 Gauge Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.3 Input Signals Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5.4 The Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Speedometer Board Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 DRM059 5 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Table of Contents For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Table of Contents 3.7 3.8 Speedometer Board Connectors and Dip Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Section 4. Software Description 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Initialization Routines Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demo Application Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 39 41 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 46 48 49 50 50 50 52 53 53 55 55 55 56 57 58 58 59 60 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4.2 Project Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 List of the Project Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.1 Project Source Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1.2 Utilized MCU Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 Utilized Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3 Project Variables and Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.1 Speedometer Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.2 Tachometer Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.3 Odometer Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.4 Software Timer Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.5 Cluster Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.6 Speedometer Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.3.7 Tachometer Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.4 Memory Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Software Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.1 Application Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.2 Hardware Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.3 Hardware Functionality Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.4 Speedometer Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.5 Odometer Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.6 Tachometer Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1.7 Fuel Gauge Task. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.2 SPI Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.2.1 SPI Periphery Module Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.2.2 SPI Communication Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3 MC33970 Device Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.1 PECCR_CMD Macro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.2 VELR_CMD Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.3 POS0R_CMD Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.4 POS1R_CMD Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.5 RTZR_CMD Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.6 RTZCR_CMD Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.3.7 GDIC Device Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.4 LCD Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.4.1 LCD Symbols Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.4.2 LCD Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DRM059 6 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Table of Contents For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Table of Contents 4.3.5 4.3.5.1 4.3.6 4.3.6.1 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.9 Keyboard Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KBI Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Timer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TIM Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External EEPROM Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATD Module Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Module Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 61 61 62 63 63 63 Appendix A. Bill of Materials and Schematics A.1 A.2 Speedometer Bill of Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Cluster for Motorbikes Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Appendix B. Glossary Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Table of Contents For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 7 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Table of Contents Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 8 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Table of Contents For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- DRM059 List of Figures and Tables Figure 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 Title Page 14 15 16 18 18 19 21 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 45 46 49 58 59 59 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Demo System Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cluster Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Window Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Window after Power ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Window when Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cluster for Motorbikes Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2C Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gauge Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speed Sensor Signal Conditioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revolution Sensor Signal Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speedometer Board Component Side Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speedometer Board Solder Side Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application Flow Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speedometer Functional Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tachometer Functional Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LCD Display Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Segments Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LCD Coding Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA List of Figures and Tables For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 9 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. List of Figures and Tables Table 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 Title Page Remote Control Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Bootloader Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Main Connector (JP1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tacho Stepper Motor Connector (J1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Indicator Connector (J3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Programming Connector (JP2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dip Switch (SW1) Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MC68HC908LJ12 Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TIM1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TIM2 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KBI Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPIO Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATD Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPI Module Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCI Module Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Memory Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MC33970 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 34 34 34 34 35 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 41 44 53 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 DRM059 10 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 List of Figures and Tables For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- DRM059 Section 1. Introduction 1.1 Application Intended Functionality This reference design of the Cluster for Motorbikes provides an example of the speedometer, odometer, tachometer, and fuel gauge functionality in the Cluster. The reference design demonstrates the application of the Gauge Driver Integrated Circuit (GDIC) together with an M68HC08 Microcontroller Unit (MCU). The reference design is based on: * * MC33970 GDIC MC68HC908LJ12 MCU Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 1.2 Benefits of Our Solution The Cluster for Motorbikes uses a modular concept. The base board with the microcontroller and GDIC is able to perform all of the cluster functionality. The application functionality can be easily changed by the hardware configuration on the PCB. In addition, the Cluster for Motorbikes can be used as a hardware platform for software development. For this purpose, the board is equipped with an interface for reprogramming, and the MCU is programmed with the Developer's Serial Bootloader for M68HC08 devices. This tool allows the MCU memory to be reprogrammed in-circuit, using the standard serial asynchronous port. The module is designed to be housed in a standard 3 3/8-inch case. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Introduction For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 11 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Introduction Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 12 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Introduction For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- Cluster for Motorbikes Section 2. Quick Start 2.1 Introduction This section describes the main procedures required to set up and start the Cluster for Motorbikes Demo Kit. The demo is designed to show the basic functionality of the Cluster for Motorbikes. The document also describes the specific steps and provides additional reference information. The Cluster for Motorbikes Demo Kit can operate in two modes: Local or Remote. In Remote mode, the application is controlled from a user-friendly graphical environment, running on a PC. The Cluster for Motorbikes Demo Kit is distributed with the following components: * * * * Cluster demo module CD ROM 12-V power supply Parallel port cable Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The Demo System layout is shown in Figure 2-1 2.2 System Requirements The Cluster module is distributed with embedded application software. No additional software is needed to run the demonstration in Local mode. To run the demonstration in Remote mode, installation of the Cluster Control Panel application is required. The Cluster Control panel application can run on any computer using Microsoft Windows XP, Windows NT, 98, or 95 operating systems with Internet Explorer V4.0 or higher installed. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 13 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start Tachometer Fuel Gauge Power Supply Control Panel Speedometer / Odometer Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... ODO/TRIP Switch Button Application Reprogramming (Serial Port) Local Control Remote Control from Control Panel (Parallel Port) Figure 2-1. Demo System Layout 2.3 Cluster Control Panel Installation The Cluster Control Panel application is distributed on a CD ROM. To install the Cluster Control Panel application, follow this step-by-step procedure: 1. Insert the CD into your CD-ROM drive. 2. Click on the CD-ROM drive; click on the Cluster_Panel folder. 3. Double click on cluster_panel.exe file. 4. Follow the on-screen instructions and answer the prompted questions. 5. Specify the folder to unzip the files to. 6. Press the Unzip button. DRM059 14 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start Demo System Setup 2.4 Demo System Setup The Cluster application software has the following embedded functions: * * * Speedometer and odometer Tachometer Fuel gauge Each function can run in either Local or Remote control mode. The Mode selection is made through switches as shown in Figure 2-2 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 2-2. Front Panel 2.4.1 Local Mode Setting up the demo to the Local mode does not require any special action. Just connect the power supply and set all switches to the "LOC" position. All cluster functions can be controlled by the appropriate knob. 2.4.2 Remote Mode To run the demonstration in the Remote mode, installation of the Cluster Control Panel application must be done. Refer to 2.3 Cluster Control Panel Installation for step-by-step instructions on how install the Cluster Control Panel. Once you have installed the Cluster Control Panel, refer to the following for step-by-step instructions on how to start the Cluster Demo. NOTE: Stopping all other applications running on your PC is strongly recommended when you run the Cluster Control Panel. This can avoid instability in the PC generated frequency. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 15 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start Step 1 Switch OFF the Cluster Demo module PWR switch. See Figure 2-2 CAUTION: To avoid possible damage to the PC parallel port, the power to the Cluster Demo module must be switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting a straight-through parallel cable from the PC to the Cluster Demo module. Step 2 Set up all switches to the "REM" position. Step 3 Connect a straight-through parallel cable from the PC to the Cluster Demo module "REMOTE CONTROL" connector. Step 4 Start the Cluster Control Panel. Step 5 Switch ON the Cluster Demo module PWR switch. Step 6 Control the application remotely from the Cluster Control Panel (see Figure 2-3) by simply clicking on the selected needle and dragging it to a new position. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 2-3. Cluster Control Panel DRM059 16 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start Remote Control Connector Description 2.5 Remote Control Connector Description Table 2-1 provides a description of the remote control connectors. Table 2-1. Remote Control Connectors Pin # 1 2 3 4 NC Speed_IN Rpm_IN GND Fuel_full Fuel_3/4 Fuel_1/2 Fuel_1/4 NC GND Name Not connected TTL signal 0 to 400 Hz TTL signal 0 to 400 Hz Connection to ground TTL log 1 indication activated(1) TTL log 1 indication activated(1) TTL log 1 indication activated(1) TTL log 1 indication activated(1) Not connected Connection to ground Description Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 5 6 7 8 9-17 18-25 1. Only one input can be activated. CAUTION: To avoid possible damage to the PC parallel port, the power to the Cluster Demo module must be switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting a straight-through parallel cable from the PC to the Cluster Demo module. 2.6 Application Reprogramming For additional changes in features or the parameters of the application, the user has an option to reprogram the Cluster application. The MCU of the Cluster application is programmed with the Developer's Serial Bootloader for the M68HC08 MCU Family, which means the MCU memory can be reprogrammed in-circuit using the standard serial asynchronous port. To reprogram the embedded application using the bootloader, you need to have master software (hc08sprg.exe) installed on the host computer. To use this software, copy the appropriate "exe" file to your folder only, as there is no need for installation. The following gives a step-by-step procedure for reprogramming the application. Step 1 Switch OFF the Cluster Demo module Power supply. CAUTION: To avoid possible damage to the PC serial port, the power to the Cluster Demo module must be switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting a straight-through serial cable from the PC to the Cluster Demo module. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 17 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start Step 2 Connect a straight-through serial cable from the PC to the Cluster Demo module "BOOTLOADER" connector. Step 3 Start the cmd.exe file from Windows. Step 4 Start the hc08sprg.exe file with the required parameters from the Command window. The command line for the hc08sprg.exe file has the following syntax: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... hc08sprg port[:][S|D|?] [speed] file port:D ..............dual wire mode Figure 2-4. Command Window Prompt Step 5 Switch ON the Cluster Demo module Power supply. The program performs some actions and will prompt a message: "Are you sure to program part? [y/N]:" (see Figure 2-5). Figure 2-5. Command Window after Power ON DRM059 18 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start Bootloader Connector Description Step 6 To program the device, answer "y" (see Figure 2-6). Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 2-6. Command Window when Programming After the programming is finished, the embedded program starts to run. 2.7 Bootloader Connector Description Table 2-2 provides a description of the bootloader connectors. Table 2-2. Bootloader Connectors Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name NC Rx Tx NC NC NC NC NC NC Not connected Output signal from Cluster Demo module Input signal to Cluster Demo module Not connected Not connected Not connected Not connected Not connected Not connected Description CAUTION: To avoid possible damage to the PC serial port, the power to the Cluster Demo module must be switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting a straight-through serial cable from the PC to the Cluster Demo module. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 19 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Quick Start 2.8 ODO/TRIP Button Functions The Cluster can operate in either odometer or tripmeter mode. The odometer mode is indicated by "ODO" label, and tripmeter mode is indicated by "TRIP" label on the LCD display. The basic function of the ODO/TRIP button is to switch between these two modes of operation. ODO/TRIP toggle Each push of the switch button for a time shorter then 1s will toggle between the ODO or TRIP modes. TRIP data nulling Each push of the switch button for a time longer then 3s resets the TRIP data in the memory. Software version indication Holding the switch button pressed down, when powering up the demo, will display the embedded software version on the LCD display. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 20 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Quick Start For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- DRM059 Section 3. Hardware Description 3.1 Introduction This reference design of the Cluster for Motorbikes provides these basic modules: speedometer, odometer, tachometer, and fuel gauge for the motorbike's cluster. In addition to this, the Cluster for Motorbikes can be used as a hardware platform for the software development. It also enables the implementation and testing of user's software. For this purpose, the board is equipped with an interface for reprogramming. Refer to Figure 3-1 for a block diagram of the module. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 3-1. Cluster for Motorbikes Block Diagram The reference design is based on the Gauge Driver Integrated Circuit (GDIC) MC33970, or MC33991, or Single Gauge Driver Integrated Circuit (SGDIC) MC33971, which are analogue products controlling one (MC33971) or two 2-phase instrumentation stepper motors. The application is supported by HC08LJ12 MCU, which is a part of the 8-bit MCU Family. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 21 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description 3.2 How Instruments Work This section provides a short overview of how the cluster instruments work. 3.2.1 Speedometer and Odometer The speedometer used on motorbikes indicates the speed of the motorbike and records the distance the motorbike has travelled. Speedometers are calibrated in kilometres and/or in miles per hour. The instrument also records the traveled distance, recorded in kilometres or miles. This part of the instrument is known as the odometer. Most odometers record the total distance travelled. Some also record the distance of individual trips. These can be reset to zero. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The digital speedometer is operated by a speed sensor that outputs electrical pulses to be processed by the microcontroller. The motorbike has magnets attached to one of the wheels, and a pickup attached to the frame. Once per wheel revolution, each magnet passes the pickup generating a voltage in the pickup. The microcontroller counts these voltage spikes, or pulses, and uses them to calculate the speed and distance travelled. The microcontroller drives both speed and odometer indicators. The important information for calculation is the number of pulses per kilometre or mile. 3.2.2 Tachometer A tachometer is designed to give the speed of a rotating part, in revolutions per minute (rpm). For motorbike use, the tachometer is there to measure the speed of the engine. The digital tachometer is operated by a revolution sensor or engine control unit, that outputs electrical pulses to be processed by the microcontroller. The microcontroller drives the tachometer indicator. The important information for calculation is the number of pulses per revolution. 3.2.3 Fuel Gauge In the fuel tank, a float moves a simple arm which rubs against a variable resistor. A small current flows through the resistor, just enough to give a voltage across the wire -- zero volts at the earth and maximum volts at the other end. As the arm moves across the resistor according to fuel level, it sends a differing voltage to the fuel gauge. The microcontroller measures the sensing voltage and drives the fuel gauge indicator. DRM059 22 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Technical Data 3.3 Technical Data The following list provides technical data for the Cluster for Motorbikes itself, as well as for individual Motorola devices used in the Cluster. * Speedometer - Input Ranges: 8 input pulses per turn of the wheel 120 km/h 4 input pulses per turn of the wheel 240 km/h - Max Input frequency: 400 Hz - Resolution: 2 Hz on the maximum frequency 400 Hz Odometer - 6 digits LCD display - Function: Switchable ODO/TRIP - Resolution: 1km -- ODO function 100m -- TRIP function Tachometer - Input Ranges: 200 Hz <12000 rpm/1 pulse per turn> 400 Hz <8000 rpm/3 pulses per turn> - Resolution: 2 Hz on the maximum frequency 400 Hz Fuel Gauge - Indication: LED bar - Fuel level sensor: Resistor Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * * Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 23 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description 3.3.1 MC68HC908LJ12 Processor The control unit of the Cluster for Motorbikes is the MC68HC908LJ12 microcontroller unit (MCU). The MCU uses an 8-bit enhanced central processor unit (CPU08) and a variety of peripheral modules. Features: * * * High-performance M68HC08 architecture Maximum internal bus frequency - 8 MHz at 5 V operating voltage 32-kHz crystal oscilator clock input with 32-MHz internal phase-lock-loop Memory: - 12K byte FLASH memory - 512 bytes of RAM - Resident routines for in-circuit programming and EEPROM emulation 6-channel Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) - 10-bit resolution Two 16-bit, 2-channel timer interface modules with selectable input capture, output compare, and PWM capability on each channel Real time clock with clock, calendar, alarm, and chronograph functions. Serial interfaces: - Asynchronous Serial Communications Interface (SCI) with infrared encoder/decoder - Synchronous Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI) module 8-bit keyboard wakeup port with programmable pullup 32 general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins 4/3 backplanes and static with a maximum of 27 frontplanes liquid crystal display driver - CRG (low current oscillator, PLL, reset, clocks, COP watchdog, real time interrupt, clock monitor) - MEBI (Multiplexed External Bus Interface) - MMC (Module Mapping Control) - INT (Interrupt control) - BKP (Breakpoints) - BDM (Background Debug Mode) 64-Pin QFP package, or 64-Pin LQFP package, or 52-Pin LQFP package Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * * * * * * * DRM059 24 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Functionality 3.3.2 MC33970 Gauge Driver The MC33970 device is a single packaged, Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) controlled, dual stepper motor Gauge Driver Integrated Circuit (GDIC). This monolithic IC consists of four dual output H-Bridge coil drivers and the associated control logic. Each pair of H-Bridge drivers is used to automatically control the speed, direction, and magnitude of current through the two coils of a 2-phase instrumentation stepper motor, similar to an MMT licensed AFIC 6405. Features: * MMT-licensed two-phase stepper motor compatible Minimal processor overhead required Fully integrated pointer movement and position state machine core movement emulation 4096 possible steady state pointer positions 340 degree maximum pointer sweep Maximum pointer acceleration 4500 deg/s2 Maximum pointer velocity of 400 deg/s Analog micro stepping (12 steps/degree of pointer movement) Pointer calibration and return to zero SPI controlled 16-bit word Calibratable internal clock Low Sleep mode current Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * * * * * * * * * 3.4 Functionality The Cluster for Motorbikes is dedicated for use in the Mid-End Motorbike market. 3.5 Architecture Schematics of the Cluster for Motorbikes are provided in Appendix A. Bill of Materials and Schematics. The Cluster for Motorbikes schematic can be seen in A.2 Cluster for Motorbikes Schematics. The Cluster for Motorbikes is a modular system, designed to demonstrate the performance of a Motorola gauge driver device. The basic design is made with full functionality of the cluster. The modularity is provided for a different assembly of the PCB. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 25 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description The Cluster for Motorbikes can be logically divided into the following four basic blocks: * * * * Microcontroller Gauge driver Input signal conditioning Power supply Data transfer between the Microcontroller and Gauge driver is ensured by the SPI protocol. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 3.5.1 Microcontroller The main function of this part of the Cluster for Motorbikes is to control the application. A Motorola 8-bit MC68HC908LJ12 high-performance microcontroller unit (MCU) was selected to control the application. The MCU (U7) uses enhanced central processor unit and embedded peripheral modules. The application occupies the following peripheral modules: * * * * * * * Two 16-bit Timer Interface Modules (TIM1, TIM2) in the input capture mode. Serial Peripheral Interface module (SPI) Liguid Crystal Display driver (LCD) General-purpose Input/Output pins (I/O) Keyboard wakeup port (KBI) 10-bit successive approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Serial Communication Interface module (SCI) The MCU controls the GDIC device through the SPI channel. The SPI module allows full-duplex, synchronous, and serial communication between the MCU and peripheral devices. The SPI shares four I/O pins with four parallel I/O ports. When the SPI system is enabled, the four associated SPI port pins are dedicated to the SPI function as: * * * * NOTE: Serial clock (SPSCK) Master out/slave in (MOSI) Master in/slave out (MISO) Slave select (SS) -- see NOTE During an SPI transmission, data is transmitted (shifted out serially) and received (shifted in serially) simultaneously. The serial clock (SPSCK) synchronizes shifting and sampling of the information on the two serial data lines (MOSI, MISO). A slave select (SS) line allows selection of an individual DRM059 26 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Architecture slave SPI device; slave devices that are not selected do not interfere with SPI bus activities. The SPI can be configured to operate as a master or as a slave. The master mode must be selected for the SPI module to control the GDIC, because only a master SPI module can initiate transmissions. The Cluster for Motorbikes uses one channel (ADC3) of the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to perform fuel level sensing. The resolution of the ADC is 10 bits, but only 8 bits are used by the application. A simple switchable current source of 20 mA (Q3, D4, D6, R17, R13) supplies the external fuel level sensing resistor (maximum value is 100 Ohm). The voltage corresponding to the resistor value is measured by the ADC. The board provides a 4-position DIP switch (SW1), for configuring the application parameters. The general-purpose I/O (PTA1 to PTA5) is used to drive the fuel gauge indicator. A simple LED bar was used as a fuel gauge indicator for the demo purpose. The general-purpose I/O (PTC5 to PTC7) emulates the I2C interface to control the external EEPROM. This external EEPROM is used to store Odometer and Tripmeter data. The embedded LCD driver module can drive a maximum of 27 frontplanes and 4 backplanes of an LCD display. The application uses an LCD display with 11 frontplanes and 4 backplanes. Because of the 4 backplanes, a 1/4 duty of the output waveform is set up. When the LCD driver module is enabled, the backplane waveforms for the selected duty are driven out through the backplane pins. The backplane waveforms are periodic. The Keyboard Interrupt module (KBI) provides eight independently maskable external interrupts. The KBI pins are shared with standard port I/O pins. The application uses two of them: * * KBI0 for the ODO/TRIP button service KBI4 for the power down service Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The standard SCI interface, together with the bootloader embedded code, is used to communicate with the PC for reprogramming the application. NOTE: The bootloader can be used only for reprogramming, not for in-circuit debugging. The bootloader is a low-cost, in-circuit programming solution. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 27 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description 3.5.1.1 External EEPROM An external EEPROM (M24C04) is used to store Odometer and Tripmeter data. The device is compatible with the I2C memory protocol. The device carries a built-in 4-bit Device Type Identifier code (1010) in accordance with the I2C bus definition. The device behaves as a slave in the I2C protocol, with all memory operations synchronized by the serial clock. Read and Write operations are initiated by a Start condition generated by the bus master. The Start condition is followed by a Device Select Code and R/W bit, terminated by an acknowledgement bit. When writing data to the memory, the device inserts an acknowledgement bit during the 9th bit time, following the bus master's 8-bit transmission. When data is read by the bus master, the bus master acknowledges the receipt of the data byte in the same way. Data transfers are terminated by a Stop condition after an Ack for Write, and after a NoAck for Read. See Figure 3-2. SCL Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... SDA START CONDITION SDA SDA INPUTS CHANGE STOP CONDITION SCL 1 2 3 7 8 9 ACK SDA MSB START CONDITION SCL 1 2 3 7 8 9 SDA MSB ACK STOP CONDITION Figure 3-2. I2C Communication Write Control (WC) input signal is useful for protecting the entire memory content from inadvertent write operations. Write operations are disabled to the entire memory array when WC is driven high. DRM059 28 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Architecture 3.5.2 Gauge Driver The GDIC MC33970 is able to control two instrumentation stepper motors. One of the stepper motors is a part of the speedometer board (U4), another is connected through the connector J1. See Figure 3-3. The microcontroller controls the GDIC through the SPI channel. RST signal is controlled from the microcontroller and resets the device, or places the device into a sleep state, if driven to a logic 0. The RTZ output signal gives information about a Return to Zero event to the microcontroller. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 1 1A SIN- SIN- 2 SIN+ 2A SIN+ TP4 TP3 U4 4 COS- 4A COS- 3 COS+ 3A COS+ TP1 TP2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 U3 COS0+ COS0- SIN0+ SIN0- PGND1 PGND2 PGND3 PGND4 CS SCLK SO SI MC33991DW COS1+ COS1- SIN1+ SIN1- PGND8 PGND7 PGND6 PGND5 VPWR RST VDD RTZ 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 HEADER 4 1 2 TACHO 3 STEPPER MOTO 4 CONNECTION STEPPER MOTOR VBAT VCC C10 0.1 F 25 V C11 0.1 F 25 V SPI Figure 3-3. Gauge Driver Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com RST RTZ DRM059 29 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description 3.5.3 Input Signals Conditioning The digital speedometer is operated by a speed sensor that outputs electrical pulses, as well as a revolution sensor, outputs pulses to be processed by the microcontroller. The pulses are in the frequency range 0 to 400 Hz. The microcontroller manipulates these signals by Timer Interface Modules (TIM1, TIM2) in the input capture mode. To improve the signal shapes, some signal conditioning circuitry was designed. For the speed sensor signal conditioning, see Figure 3-4 For the revolution sensor signal conditioning, see Figure 3-5 VCC Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... R2 10k OUTPUT TO T1CH0 Speed_sns R1 27k 1 C3 1 nF 25V 2 D1 1N4148 2 C2 1 F/50v 1+ 2 1 R14 100k E C B Q1 BC847B Figure 3-4. Speed Sensor Signal Conditioning R8 10k OUTPUT TO T1CH1 Revolution_sns R3 39k 1 C12 1 nF 25V 2 D5 BZ X94C9V1 2 R18 10k C5 1 F/50V 2 21 + 1 R15 100k E C B Q2 BC847B 1 Figure 3-5. Revolution Sensor Signal Conditioning DRM059 30 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Architecture 3.5.4 The Power Supply The Cluster is supplied from the 12-V motorbike battery. A simple linear voltage regulator MC7805 is used to provide a 5-V power supply for the Cluster devices. The schematic of the power supply can be seen in Figure 3-6 VBAT R16 3R9 1 2 + C1 470F/35V + 1 U2 MC78058T VIN VOUT GND 2 3 1 2 + C4 100F/6.3V VCC Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... D8 1SMA5939BT3 VBAT+ U3 MA4007T3 R4 15k C15 470F/35V D7 1N4148 1 2 IRQ R5 10k C5 0.1F 25V Figure 3-6. Power Supply It is necessary to save Odometer and Tripmeter data if the power supply from the battery is switched off. The resistor dividers R4 and R5 monitor the battery power supply and generate an interrupt signal in case a power off occurs. The capacitors C1 and C15 hold a voltage long enough for the microcontroller to perform an interrupt service routine to save the data. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 31 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description 3.6 Speedometer Board Layout Detailed layout plans of the Cluster for Motorbikes boards with the names of all components are shown in Figure 3-7 and Figure 3-8. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 3-7. Speedometer Board Component Side Layout DRM059 32 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Speedometer Board Layout Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 3-8. Speedometer Board Solder Side Layout Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 33 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description 3.7 Speedometer Board Connectors and Dip Switch Table 3-1 through Table 3-4 describe the speedometer board connector pin assignments and their meanings. Table 3-5 shows the dip switch settings. Table 3-1. Main Connector (JP1) Pin # 1 2 3 4 Name VBAT- RPM_SNS FUEL_SNS SPEED_SNS VBAT+ Description Minus battery voltage Revolution sensor signal Fuel level sensor signal Speed sensor signal Plus battery voltage Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 5 Table 3-2. Tacho Stepper Motor Connector (J1) Pin # 1 2 3 4 Name COS1+ COS1- SIN1+ SIN1- Description Cosine coil driving Cosine coil driving Sine coil driving Sine coil driving Table 3-3. Fuel Indicator Connector (J3) Description +5 V power supply Tank full indication Tank empty indication Tank 1/3 full indication Name VCC TANK_FULL TANK_EMPTY TANK_1/3FULL Pin # 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8 Name GND GND TANK_3/4FULL TANK_1/2FULL Description Ground Ground Tank 3/4 full indication Tank 1/2 full indication Table 3-4. Programming Connector (JP2) Description +5 V power supply Not Connected/KEY Ground Name VCC N.C. GND Pin # 1 3 5 2 4 6 RxD TxD GND Name Description SCI input SCI output Ground Table 3-5. Dip Switch (SW1) Settings Switch # 1 2 3 4 Meaning Off TACHO OFF SPEEDO OFF 4 PULSES 200 Hz On TACHO ON SPEEDO ON 8 PULSES 400 Hz DRM059 34 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Memory Map 3.8 Memory Map The MC68HC908LJ12 device memory map is shown in Table 3-6 Table 3-6. MC68HC908LJ12 Memory Map From 0x0000 0x0060 0x0260 0xC000 0xF000 To 0x005F 0x025F 0xBFFF 0xEFFF 0xFBFF 0xFDFF 0xFE0F 0xFFCF 0xFFFF Size 96 bytes 512 bytes 48 k 12 k 3k 512 bytes 16 bytes 448 bytes 48 bytes I/O registers RAM Unimplemented FLASH Unimplemented Monitor ROM1 Status and control registers Monitor ROM2 FLASH vectors Content Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 0xFC00 0xFE00 0xFE10 0xFFD0 For a detailed description of the MC68HC908LJ12 memory map, refer to the MC68HC908LJ12 Technical Data (Motorola document order number MC68HC908LJ12/D). Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 35 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hardware Description Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 36 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Hardware Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- DRM059 Section 4. Software Description 4.1 Introduction This section of the reference design provides a complete documentation of the Cluster for Motorbikes software. 4.1.1 Software Basics All embedded software of this project was written using the CodeWarrior for Motorola 8- and 16-bit MCU, CW08 V2.1, by Metrowerks Corporation refer to: http://www.metrowerks.com Software content of the project can be divided into two basic groups. In the first group, there are all the initialization routines necessary to configure both the MCU peripherals and all of the system the sub-modules, while the second part consists of routines for the Cluster for Motorbikes application. Therefore, separate descriptions will be given for the initialization routines and for the application. As mentioned in previous chapters, the Cluster for Motorbikes is a modular system with implemented functions of a speedometer, odometer, tachometer, and fuel gauge. 4.1.2 Initialization Routines Basics Here is a list of routines for the first group, responsible for initialization and configuration of the Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970. Details of each item on the list will be given in the 4.3 Software Implementation. * * * * * * * * PLL module initialization LCD module initialization Timer module initialization Analog-to-Digital converter (ATD) module initialization Keyboard module initialization Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) periphery module initialization for communication with GDIC device Initialization and configuration of the GDIC via the SPI channel I2C communication channel emulator initialization Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 37 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.1.3 Demo Application Basics A detailed introduction describing software installation, demo setup, and configuration of the application is given in Section 2. Quick Start. Hence 4.3 Software Implementation will primarily provide information of the software implementation of the Cluster for Motorbikes. The aim of the demo application is to show the main features of the Cluster for Motorbikes. 4.2 Project Introduction Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... This section gives an introduction and description of the software implementation of the Cluster for Motorbikes project. 4.2.1 List of the Project Files The project was written using the Metrowerks CodeWarrior for Motorola 8- and 16-bit MCU CW08 V2.1. In this subsection, a list of all source code files of the CodeWarrior project can be found. 4.2.1.1 Project Source Codes Definitions of the project source codes are: * * * cluster.mcp is a Metrowerks CodeWarrior project file speedo.c is a central file of the project, containing the complete initialization, global variables declaration, and the main() routine speedo.h is the header file of the speedo.c; it contains the entire set of application-related symbolic constants, as well as the structure definitions spi.c and spi.h consist of Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) based routines timer.c and timer.h contain all Timer related routines lcd.c and lcd.h include all LCD related routines used in the project GDIC.c and GDIC970.h files contain all GDIC MC33970 device related routines used in the project keyboard.c and keyboard.h include all keyboard related routines used in the project I2C.h is a header file of I2C.asm containing all routines related to the emulation of I2C communication hc08lj12.h is a file for periphery module allocation within MCU memory common.h is a header file for common definitions HC08Lj12.prm is a device parameter file for FLASH configuration Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA * * * * * * * * * DRM059 38 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Project Introduction 4.2.1.2 Utilized MCU Peripherals All MCU peripheral components used in the project are briefly described here. It gives an overall summary picture of the necessary MCU resources. Usage of the Timer Interface Modules is given in Table 4-1 and Table 4-2. Table 4-1. TIM1 Module MCU Pin T1CH0 Symbolic Name of the Signal N.A. N.A. N.A. Purpose Speedo signal time interval data conversion Tacho signal time interval data conversion long time support for speedo and tacho signals conversion ISR Function Int_Timer1CH0 Int_Timer1CH1 Int_Timer1OVF Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... T1CH1 N.C. Table 4-2. TIM2 Module MCU Pin N.C. N.C. Symbolic Name of the Signal N.A. N.A. Purpose Internal timer -- speedo watch dog Internal timer -- tacho watch dog ISR Function Int_Timer2CH0 Int_Timer2CH1 A brief description of the Keyboard Interface (KBI) module usage is given in Table 4-3. Table 4-3. KBI Module MCU Pin KBI0 KBI4 Symbolic Name of the Signal N.A. POWER_SENSE Purpose ODO/TRIP button service Power down sensor service ISR Function Int_Keyboard Int_Keyboard Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 39 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description A description of the General Purpose I/O (GPIO) usage is given in Table 4-4. Table 4-4. GPIO Module MCU Pin PTC0 PTC1 PTC2 PTC3 PTA1 Symbolic Name of the Signal TACHO_ON_SW SPEEDO_ON_SW SPEEDO_PULS_SW TACHO_FREQ_SW FUEL_1_2FULL_IND FUEL_1_4FULL_IND FUEL_3_4FULL_IND FUEL_EMPTY_IND FUEL_FULL_IND FUEL_IND_DIS N.A. N.A. N.A. GDIC_RESET Purpose Input for TACHO_ENABLE Dip switch Input for SPEEDO_ENABLE Dip switch Input for PULSES Dip switch Input for FREQ Dip switch Output for Fuel 1/2 full tank indicator Output for Fuel 1/4 full tank indicator Output for Fuel 3/4 full tank indicator Output for Fuel empty tank indicator Output for Fuel full tank indicator Output to control fuel sensor feed current source User defined I/O pin User defined I/O pin Input to sense Return to zero event of GDIC Output to control GDIC Reset pin ISR Function -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... PTA2 PTA3 PTA4 PTA5 PTA6 PTB4 PTB5 PTB6 PTB7 Usage of the Analog to Digital (ATD) converter module is given in Table 4-5. Only ADC3 channel is used. Table 4-5. ATD Module MCU Pin ADC3 Symbolic Name of the Signal FUEL Purpose Data conversion of FUEL signal ISR Function -- A brief description of the SPI module usage is given in Table 4-6. Table 4-6. SPI Module Usage SPI SPI Purpose Communication with MC33970 devices ISR Function -- A description of the SCI module usage is given in Table 4-7. Table 4-7. SCI Module Usage SCI SCI Purpose Bootloader Interface communication ISR Function -- NOTE: SCI peripheral module is only used with bootloader. DRM059 40 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Project Introduction 4.2.2 Utilized Interrupts All interrupts used within the Cluster for Motorbikes project are briefly listed in Table 4-8. Table 4-8. Interrupts Symbolic Name of Periphery TIM1 ISR Function Type of Interrupt Input capture Input capture Timer1 overflow Output compare Output compare Keyboard interrupt Note Speedo signal time interval data conversion Tacho signal time interval data conversion Long time support for speedo and tacho signals conversion Internal timer -- speedo watch dog Internal timer -- tacho watch dog ODO/TRIP button service and power down service Int_Timer1CH0 Int_Timer1CH1 Int_Timer1OVF Int_Timer2CH0 Int_Timer2CH1 Int_Keyboard Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... TIM1 TIM1 TIM2 TIM2 KBI Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 41 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.2.3 Project Variables and Flags In this section a brief description of main project variables and flags is given. These variables are related to the basic cluster functions. 4.2.3.1 Speedometer Function In addition to the following, there are also a couple of symbolic constants (defined in speedo.h), controlling the behavior and configuration of the application. volatile tU32 speed_delta_time; /* Input capture delta time related to the speed Speed_delta_time = Speed_second_edge_time - Speed_first_edge_time */ volatile tU16 speed_first_edge_time; /* Time value of the first edge input capture related to the speed */ volatile tU16 speed_second_edge_time; /* Time value of the second edge input capture related to the speed */ Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4.2.3.2 Tachometer Function volatile tU32 rpm_delta_time; /* Input capture delta time related to the RPM Rpm_delta_time = Rpm_second_edge_time - Rpm_first_edge_time */ volatile tU16 rpm_first_edge_time; /* Time value of the first edge input capture related to the RPM */ volatile tU16 rpm_second_edge_time; /* Time value of the second edge input capture related to the RPM */ 4.2.3.3 Odometer Function volatile tU32 odometer_value; volatile tU16 trip_value; volatile tU16 odobase; /* Odometer variable */ /* Trip variable */ /* Odometer base variable */ 4.2.3.4 Software Timer Function volatile tU08 ticks; /* Number of ticks (overflows of the timer1) */ DRM059 42 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Project Introduction 4.2.3.5 Cluster Flags volatile tU08 speed_second_edge_flag; /* Flag indicating that second edge input capture event related to speed will follow */ volatile tU08 speed_capture_done; /* Flag indicating that input capture of the speed was done */ volatile tU08 rpm_second_edge_flag; /* Flag indicating that second edge input capture event related to RPM will follow */ volatile tU08 rpm_capture_done; /* Flag indicating that input capture of the RPM was done */ volatile tU08 trip_flag; /* TRIP value indication flag */ volatile tU08 fuel_empty_flag; /* Fuel empty indication flag */ Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... volatile tU08 sw_timer_flag; /* Indication that software timer was set */ 4.2.3.6 Speedometer Constants #define SAMPLE_PERIOD #define MAX_STEPS 8 3200L /* Sample period in [us] for the input capture impulses */ /* Max # of steps of the stepper motor for max angle indication */ /* Max speed in [km/ho] to be indicated by speedometer */ /* Wheel perimeter in [cm] */ /* # of pulses per wheel revolution */ #define MAX_SPEED 240L #define WHEEL_PERIMETER 133 #define PULSES_TURN 4 #define SPEEDO_CONST (((3600*MAX_STEPS)/(PULSES_TURN*SAMPLE_PERIOD*(MAX_SPEED-10)))*10)*WHEEL_PERIMETER /* Speedometer constant */ #define ODOMETER_CONST (10000L*PULSES_TURN)/WHEEL_PERIMETER /* # of pulses per 100m */ #define SPEEDO_SCALE_CORR 122 /* Speedometer scale correction constant 1 */ #define SPEEDO_WATCH_PERIOD 65535 /* Max. period in [#*8us] for the speedo input watching */ 4.2.3.7 Tachometer Constants #define MAX_STEPS_RPM #define MAX_RPM 3114L 12L /* Max # of steps of the stepper motor for max angle indication */ /* Max RPM in 1000*[rev/min] to be indicated by tachometer */ /* # of pulses per motor revolution */ #define PULSES_REV_RPM 1 #define RPM_CONST (((6000*MAX_STEPS_RPM)/(PULSES_REV_RPM*SAMPLE_PERIOD*((2*MAX_RPM)-1)))*20) /* RPM constant */ #define RPM_SCALE_CORR1 130 /* Tachometer scale correction constant 1 */ /* Max. period in [#*8us] for the Rpm input watching */ #define RPM_WATCH_PERIOD 65535 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 43 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.2.4 Memory Usage Table 4-9 shows the Cluster for Motorbikes software memory usage. Table 4-9. Memory Usage Type of Memory Program FLASH Z_RAM RAM RAM -- STACK Total Size (B) C000h 60h 100h 108h Used Memory (B) D05h 2Dh 7h 50h Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4.3 Software Implementation In this section a complete description of the key software modules for the reference design is given. 4.3.1 Application This subsection summarizes the Cluster for Motorbikes application for the reference design. 4.3.1.1 Application Introduction The application provides all the following tasks: * * * * * * Hardware initialization Hardware functionality presentation Speedometer task Odometer task Tachometer task Fuel Gauge task The application main routine (speedo.c) can be divided from the functionality point of view in two parts: introductory part and main loop. The introductory part is executed just once after the program start and the main loop is an endless one. The introductory part performs hardware initialization and hardware functionality presentation tasks. The main loop performs the other tasks. The flow chart of the application can be seen in Figure 4-1. DRM059 44 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation RESET INTRODUCTORY PART HARDWARE INITIALIZATION HARDWARE FUNCTIONALITY PRESENTATION Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... MAIN LOOP SPEEDOMETER TASK ODOMETER TASK TACHOMETER TASK FUEL GAUGE TASK Figure 4-1. Application Flow Chart 4.3.1.2 Hardware Initialization The hardware initialization task is an introductory part of the main application routine. It initializes all hardware parts used by the application. 4.3.1.3 Hardware Functionality Presentation This task demonstrates the functionality of the application in the introductory part. The speedometer and tachometer pointers are moved to their maximum scale positions and then back to zero. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 45 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.3.1.4 Speedometer Task The speedometer indicates the speed of the motorbike in kilometres and/or in miles per hour. The digital speedometer used in application is operated by a speed sensor that outputs electrical pulses to be processed by the microcontroller. The microcontroller measures the frequency or period of the pulses, and uses them to calculate the speed. The speed is converted into the number of steps to be sent to the stepper motor driving the speed pointer. The functional diagram of the speedometer task can be seen in Figure 4-2. SIGNAL FROM THE SENSOR Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... INTERRUPT INTERRUPT TIMER VALUE 0 216 -1 Int_Timer1CH0() Int_Timer1CH0() speed_first_edge_time speed_second_edge_time speed_delta_time = speed_second_edge_time - speed_first_edge_time speed = (tU16)(SPEEDO_CONST/speed_delta_time) MOVE POINTER TO SPEED POSITION Figure 4-2. Speedometer Functional Diagram Apart from speed, there are other factors that have an impact on the period of the pulses. They are: * * number of magnets attached to the wheel (number of pulses per wheel revolution) -- (PULSES_TURN) the circumference of the wheel (WHEEL_PERIMETER) DRM059 46 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation Both factors are taken into consideration in the "SPEEDO_CONST" constant defined in the speedo.h file. See the code listing below. /******************************************************************************/ /* SPEEDOMETER DEFINES */ /******************************************************************************/ /* public defines for user's reconfiguration */ #define SAMPLE_PERIOD 8 /* Sample period in [us] for the input capture impulses */ //#define MAX_DELTA 65535 /* Max delta of input capture pulses */ #define MAX_STEPS 3200L /* Max # of steps of the stepper motor for max angle indication */ #define MAX_SPEED 240L /* Max speed in [km/hod] to be indicated by speedometer */ #define WHEEL_PERIMETER 133 /* Wheel perimeter in [cm] */ #define PULSES_TURN 4 /* # of pulses per wheel revolution */ #define SPEEDO_CONST (((3600*MAX_STEPS)/(PULSES_TURN*SAMPLE_PERIOD*(MAX_SPEED-10)))*10)*WHEEL_PERIMETER /* Speedometer constant */ #define ODOMETER_CONST (10000L*PULSES_TURN)/WHEEL_PERIMETER /* # of pulses per 100m */ Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The "SPEEDO_CONST" is a complex constant that also takes into consideration: * * * Sample period for the input capture impulses (SAMPLE_PERIOD) Maximum speed to be indicated by speedometer (MAX_SPEED) Maximum number of the pointer steps driven by the stepper motor, for max angle indication (MAX_STEPS) The speed, in the number of pointer steps driven by the stepper motor, is calculated by the following equation: Speed = (SPEEDO_CONST/speed_delta_time) The calculated speed pointer position is sent to the GDIC with the following macro command: POS0R_CMD(speed) For more details about the macro command refer to 4.3.3 MC33970 Device Control. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 47 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.3.1.5 Odometer Task The odometer records the distance that the motorbike has travelled; it is recorded in kilometres or miles. The odometer in the application records the total distance travelled, and also the distance of individual trips. These can be reset to zero. The number of pulses per kilometre or mile is important information. "ODOMETER_CONST" is used by the application, representing the number of pulses per 100 metres. The number of pulses per wheel revolution (PULSES_TURN), and the circumference of the wheel (WHEEL_PERIMETER) have an influence on this constant. The constant is defined in the speedo.h file. The odometer task is served by the Odometer_service () routine. See below. /***************************************************************************** * Function: Odometer_service (void) * * Description: Odometer service function * * Returns: none * * Notes: This function calculates data on the distance traveled and displays it. * It uses global variables: * - Odobase * * execution time 760us if TRIP display * execution time 828us if ODO display * executed every 1,5 sec *****************************************************************************/ void Odometer_service (void) { odobase--; /* Decrement Odometer base variable */ if (odobase == 0) /* If loopy distance is 100 meters */ { odometer_value++; /* Increment ODOMETER variable */ trip_value++; /* Increment TRIP variable */ if (trip_flag == 0) { Lcd_update((odometer_value/10)); /* Update LCD display */ ODO =1; /* Display ODO label on LCD */ } else { Lcd_update(trip_value); /* Update LCD display */ TRIP =1; /* Display TRIP label on LCD */ DOT = 1; /* Display DOT before last digit */ } odobase = ODOMETER_CONST; /* Odometer base variable initialization */ } } Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 48 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.1.6 Tachometer Task The tachometer gives the engine speed in revolutions per minute (rpm). The digital tachometer is operated by a revolution sensor or engine control unit that outputs electrical pulses to be processed by the microcontroller. The microcontroller measures the frequency or period of the pulses and uses them to calculate the rpm. The rpm is converted into the number of steps to be sent to the stepper motor driving the rpm pointer. The functional diagram of the tachometer task can be seen in Figure 4-3. SIGNAL FROM THE SENSOR Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... INTERRUPT INTERRUPT TIMER VALUE 0 216 -1 Int_Timer1CH1() Int_Timer1CH1() rpm_first_edge_time rpm_second_edge_time rpm_delta_time = rpm_second_edge_time - rpm_first_edge_time rotation = (tU16)(RPM_CONST/rpm_delta_time) MOVE POINTER TO ROTATION POSITION Figure 4-3. Tachometer Functional Diagram The period of the pulses is affected by the number of pulses per motor revolution (PULSES_REV_RPM). This factor is taken into consideration in the "RPM_CONST" constant defined in the speedo.h file. See the code listing below. /******************************************************************************/ /* RPM DEFINES */ /******************************************************************************/ #define MAX_STEPS_RPM 3114L /* Max # of steps of the stepper motor for max angle indication */ #define MAX_RPM 12L /* Max RPM in 1000*[rev/min] to be indicated by tachometer */ #define PULSES_REV_RPM 1 /* # of pulses per motor revolution */ #define RPM_CONST (((6000*MAX_STEPS_RPM)/(PULSES_REV_RPM*SAMPLE_PERIOD*((2*MAX_RPM)-1)))*20) /* RPM constant */ Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 49 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description The "RPM_CONST" is a complex constant that also takes into consideration: * * * Sample period for the input capture impulses (SAMPLE_PERIOD) Maximum rpm to be indicated by tachometer (MAX_RPM) Maximum number of the pointer steps driven by the stepper motor, for max angle indication (MAX_STEPS_RPM) The rpm, in the number of pointer steps driven by the stepper motor, is calculated by the following equation: rotation= (RPM_CONST/rpm_delta_time) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... The calculated rpm pointer position is sent to the GDIC with the following macro command: POS1R_CMD(rotation) For more details about the macro command refer 4.3.3 MC33970 Device Control. 4.3.1.7 Fuel Gauge Task In the fuel tank, a float moves a simple arm which rubs against a variable resistor according to fuel level. The microcontroller measures the sensing voltage across the resistor and drives the fuel gauge indicator. The Fuel_ind_service () routine serves the fuel gauge task. 4.3.2 SPI Communication The configuration of the Gauge Driver Integrated Circuit -- MC33970 device, is done through the SPI channel. A description of the SPI module initialization is presented in 4.3.2.1 SPI Periphery Module Initialization. 4.3.2.1 SPI Periphery Module Initialization The initialization is implemented in the SPI_init() routine (spi.c). There are a couple of key settings in the SPI format. First, it is important to set the Master mode of the SPI device equal to one, because only a master SPI device can initiate a transmission with peripherals. The SPI baud rate setting (value of the SPI serial clock, called SCLK) has to be set to a value suitable for the connected device. SCLK frequency equal to 1 MHz was chosen. For the SPI communication, the polling approach was chosen so that the SPI interrupt is disabled. A complete listing of the SPI_init() can be found on the next page. NOTE: Some parts of the listing are discussed further within this section. DRM059 50 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation /****************************************************************************** * Function: SPI_Init(void) * * Description: SPI initialization * * * Returns: none * * Notes: * ******************************************************************************/ Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... void SPI_Init(void) { SPCR_SPMSTR = 1; SPCR_CPHA = 1; /* Master mode selected */ /* SPI clock phase bit */ /* first SCLK edge issued at the beginning of the 8-cycle transfer operation */ /* clock polarity bit */ /* serial clock (SCK) active in high, SCK idles low */ /* transmit interrupt disabled, SPI communication done in polling style */ /* enable SPI, SPI port pins are dedicated to SPI module */ /* SPI Receiver interrupt disabled */ /* disable the MODF error */ SPCR_CPOL = 0; SPCR_SPTIE = 0; SPCR_SPE SPCR_SPRIE = 1; = 0; = 0; SPSCR_MODFEN /* divider is set to 8, so SCLK is 1MHz for 8MHz Module Clk */ SPSCR_SPR0 = 0; /* baud rate selection */ SPSCR_SPR1 = 0; /* baud rate selection */ } There are a couple of different SPI channel settings applicable for devices. The first of them is the SPI format; for the GDIC-MC33970, the most significant bit is transferred first. The second divergence is in the SPI Clock phase bit settings; for the MC33970 device, this value has to be equal to one (the first SCLK edge is issued at the beginning of the 8-cycle transfer operation). The device uses a 16-bit long SPI format of communication. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 51 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.3.2.2 SPI Communication Routine For the SPI communication, the following function is implemented: * tU16 SPI_SendRecv16(tU16 data) is used for the 16-bit long SPI communication suitable for the MC33970 device Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... /****************************************************************************** * Function: SPI_SendRecv16(tU16 data) * * Description: SPI send and receive data * * * Returns: SPI received data * * Notes: * ******************************************************************************/ tU16 SPI_SendRecv16(tU16 data) { tU16 spi_ret; SPI_CSB = 0; while (SPSCR_SPTE == 0); SPDR = data >> 8; while (SPSCR_SPRF == 0); spi_ret = SPDR << 8; while (SPSCR_SPTE == 0); SPDR = (tU08)data; while (SPSCR_SPRF == 0); spi_ret += SPDR; SPI_CSB = 1; return spi_ret; } /* SPI chip select active now*/ /* when Tx ready (should be immediately) */ /* send first byte */ /* wait for Rxflag (first byte) */ /* read data */ /* when Tx ready (should be immediately) */ /* send second byte */ /* wait for Rxflag (second byte) */ /* read data */ /* SPI chip select inactive */ DRM059 52 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.3 MC33970 Device Control The MC33970 device is controlled from the microcontroller via the 16-bit SPI protocol and reports back the status information. The MC33970 uses six registers to control the device. The registers are addressed via D15:D13 of the SPI word. See Table 4-10. For more details refer to the MC33970 Data Sheet (Motorola document order number MC33970/D). Table 4-10. MC33970 Registers Address [D15:D13] Name PECCR VELR POS0R POS1R RTZR RTZCR N.A. N.A. Use Power, Enable, Calibration and Configuration Register Maximum Velocity Register Gauge 0 Position Register Gauge 1 Position Register Return to Zero Register Return to Zero Configuration Register Not Used Reserved for Test Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 The control of the device is done by macros defined in the GDIC970.h file. The macro creates a 16-bit SPI data word and calls SPI_SendRecv16(tU16 data) function. The symbolic constants for the parameters of the macros are defined in GDIC970.h. A short description of all macro syntaxes is made in the following subsections. 4.3.3.1 PECCR_CMD Macro This macro controls the "Power, Enable, Calibration and Configuration Register". Syntax of the macro is as follows: PECCR_CMD(nullcmd,statusselect,gaugepos,rtzloc,aircore,clkcalsel,clkcal,o scadj,gauge1,gauge0) * nullcmd - Enables or disables the Null Command for the device Status read. NULL_CMD_ENA NULL_CMD_DIS statusselect - Selects the information that is clocked out of the MISO bit STATUS_OUT ACCUM_OUT POS_OUT SPEED_OUT * Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 53 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description * gaugepos - Selects the gauge for which the zero position will be determined by "rtzloc" parameter GAUGE1_POSITION GAUGE0_POSITION rtzloc - Determines the zero position for the gauge selected by "gaugepos" parameter CW_ZERO_POSITION CCW_ZERO_POSITION aircore - Enables or disables the Air Core Motor emulation AIR_CORE_EMUL_DIS AIR_CORE_EMUL_ENA clkcalsel - Selects the clock calibration frequency NOMINAL_F MAXIMUM_F clkcal - Enables or disables the clock calibration CLK_CAL_ENA CLK_CAL_DIS oscadj - Adjusts the oscillator to "0,66xTosc" or "Tosc" TOSC066 TOSC gauge1 - Enable or disable the output driver of Gauge 1 GAUGE1_ENA GAUGE1_DIS gauge0 - Enable or disable the output driver of Gauge 0 GAUGE0_ENA GAUGE0_DIS * Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * * * * DRM059 54 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.3.2 VELR_CMD Macro This macro controls "Maximum Velocity Register". Syntax of the macro is as follows: VELR_CMD(gauge1vel,gauge0vel,maxvel) * gauge1vel - Specifies whether the maximum velocity specified in the "maxvel" parameter will apply to gauge 1 or not. VEL_NOTAPPLY_G1 VEL_APPLY_G1 gauge0vel - Specifies whether the maximum velocity specified in the "maxvel" parameter will apply to gauge 0 or not. VEL_NOTAPPLY_G0 VEL_APPLY_G0 maxvel - Specifies the maximum velocity position from the acceleration table. Velocities can range from position 1 to position 255. For more details refer to the datasheet. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * 4.3.3.3 POS0R_CMD Macro This macro controls "Gauge 0 Position Register". Syntax of the macro is as follows: POS0R_CMD(position) * position - Determines the desired pointer position of the gauge. Pointer position can range from 0 to position 4095. 4.3.3.4 POS1R_CMD Macro This macro controls "Gauge 1 Position Register". Syntax of the macro is as follows: POS1R_CMD(position) * position - Determines the desired pointer position of the gauge. Pointer position can range from 0 to position 4095. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 55 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.3.3.5 RTZR_CMD Macro This macro controls "Gauge Return to Zero Register". Syntax of the macro is the following: RTZR_CMD(rtzevent,rtzdir,rtzenable,gaugesel) * rtzevent - This parameter selects between Unconditional or Automatic return to zero events RTZ_AUTO RTZ_UNCON rtzdir - Determines if return to zero event will occur in the CW or CCW direction CW_RTZ CCW_RTZ rtzenable - Enable or disable RTZ RTZ_DIS RTZ_ENA gaugesel - Select the gauge to be commanded GAUGE0 GAUGE1 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * DRM059 56 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.3.6 RTZCR_CMD Macro This macro controls "Gauge Return to Zero Configuration Register". This register modifies the step time, at which the pointer moves during the RTZ event. The full step time is generated using the following equation: FullStep(t) = Delta(t) * M + blanking(t) Syntax of the macro is as follows: RTZCR_CMD(fsmul,preloadval,rtzblnk,rtzfullstp) * fsmul - This parameter determines the multiplier "M" of the equation . FS_MUL1 FS_MUL2 FS_MUL4 FS_MUL8 preloadval - Determines the value that is used for the calculation of the preloaded value into the RTZ integration accumulator, to adjust the detection threshold. Value ranges from 0 to 63. rtzblnk - This parameter determines the RTZ blanking time "blanking(t)" of the equation . RTZBLNK512 RTZBLNK768 rtzfullstp - Determines the time variable "Delta(t)" of the equation . FST0 FST4096 FST8192 FST12288 FST16384 FST20480 FST24576 FST28672 FST32768 FST36864 FST40960 FST45056 FST49152 FST53248 FST57344 FST61440 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 57 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.3.3.7 GDIC Device Initialization The initialization is implemented in Gdic_init() routine (GDIC.c). There is a couple of key actions to initialize the gauge device: * * * * * Apply RESET to GDIC Disable gauges before calibration Clock calibration Enable both gauges Read status Wait 40 ms, allowing power to be applied to the motor coils Set zero position to gauge 0 Set zero position to gauge 1 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... * * * 4.3.4 LCD Control An LCD display with 4 backplanes and 12 frontplanes is used within the application, see Figure 4-4. The MCU is able to control the display with up to 4 backplanes and 26 frontplanes by use of the LCD data registers. Each LCD data register controls two frontplanes. The LCD driver module uses an LCD base clock derived from the MCU oscillator. The configuration is done in the LCD clock register. Due to four backplanes of the LCD display, a 1/4 LCD output waveform duty is required. Figure 4-4. LCD Display Arrangement DRM059 58 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.4.1 LCD Symbols Coding The LCD display used in the application contains six 7-segment digits and four labels; ODO, TRIP, A, B. Symbolic labels for each segment of the 7-segment digit can be seen in Figure 4-5 a f g e c d b Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Figure 4-5. Display Segments Labels The LCD symbols coding is done through the coding table. See Figure 4-6. LCD Data Register D4 D3 D2 Segment label b lab 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 D7 Input Code 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Indicated Symbol 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C A L S r E P d o b n blank blanc U d 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 D6 D5 D1 D0 HEX c 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 g 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 e 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 f 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 a 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0xD7 0x50 0xB5 0xF1 0x72 0xE3 0xE7 0x51 0xF7 0xB7 0x87 0x77 0x86 0xE3 0x24 0xA7 0x37 0xF4 0xE4 0xE6 0x64 0x00 0xD6 Figure 4-6. LCD Coding Table Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 59 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description The "Input code" in the table represents a parameter (number) of the Lcd_seg(x)_display (number) routine. NOTE: x in the routine name represents an identifier of the LCD digit. The "Indicated symbol" in the table represents a symbol to be displayed on the selected digit of the LCD display. The next columns represent the segment assignments for each bit in the LCD data registers. The coding table is realized by the vector lcdconv[] (lcd.c). const unsigned char lcdconv[]= {0xD7, 0x50, 0xB5, 0xF1, 0x72, 0xE3, 0xE7, 0x51, 0xF7, 0xF3, 0x87, 0x77, 0x86, 0xE3, 0x24, 0xA7, 0x37, 0xF4, 0xE4, 0xE6, 0x64, 0x00, 0xD6}; /* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10->C 11->A 12->L 13->S 14->r 15->E 16->P 17->d 18->o 19->b 20->n 21->blanc 22->U */ Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4.3.4.2 LCD Initialization The initialization is implemented in the Lcd_init() routine (lcd.c). Here is complete listing of the Lcd_init(). /****************************************************************************** * Function: Lcd_init(void) * * Description: LCD initialization * * * Returns: none * * Notes: * ******************************************************************************/ void Lcd_init(void) { LCDCLK = LCD_CTL_INIT; LDAT1 = 0; LDAT2 = 0; LDAT3 = 0; LDAT4 = 0; LDAT5 = 0; LDAT6 = 0; LDAT7 = 0; LCDCR_LCDE = 1; } /* LCD enable */ DRM059 60 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.5 Keyboard Control The MCU has an embedded Keyboard Interrupt module (KBI) that can provide eight independently maskable external interrupts. When a port pin is enabled for keyboard interrupt function, an internal 30 kOhm pull-up device is enabled on the pin. The application uses two pins only: KBI0, and KBI4. The KBI0 pin serves the "ODO/TRIP" switch, and the KBI4 serves power down sensing function. 4.3.5.1 KBI Initialization The initialization is implemented in the Keyboard_init() routine (keyboard.c). Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Here is complete listing of the Keyboard_init(). /****************************************************************************** * Function: Keyboard_init(void) * * Description: keyboard initialization * * * Returns: none * * Notes: * ******************************************************************************/ void Keyboard_init(void) { KBSCR_IMASKK = 1; KBIER_KBIE0 = 1; KBIER_KBIE4 = 1; KBSCR_ACKK = 1; KBSCR_IMASKK = 0; } /* Mask keyboard interrupts */ /* Enable KBIE0 pin */ /* Enable KBIE4 pin */ /* Clear any keyboard interrupts */ /* NOT Mask keyboard interrupts */ 4.3.6 Timer Control The MCU provides Timer Interface Module (TIM), which is a two-channel timer that provides a timing reference with input capture, output compare, and pulse-width modulation functions. The application uses both timers. Timer 1 is used in the input capture mode to measure periods of the pulses from the speed and revolution sensors. Timer 2 is used in the output compare mode to perform watchdog periods for the speedometer and tachometer functions. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 61 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description 4.3.6.1 TIM Initialization The initialization is implemented in Timer1_init(), and Timer2_init() routines (timer.c). The Timer1_init() routine initialize both channels of the TIM1 module for the input capture function. Here is complete listing of the Timer1_init(). /****************************************************************************** * Function: Timer1_init(void) * * Description: timer initialization * * * Returns: none * * Notes: * ******************************************************************************/ void Timer1_init(void) { T1SC = TIMER_PRESC_32; T1SC0 = TIMER_INP_CAP_FALLING; T1SC1 = TIMER_INP_CAP_FALLING; } Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... /* Setup Timer for bus clock 4MHz/32 = 8 usec/count */ /* Capture on falling edge of ch0 */ /* Capture on falling edge of ch1 */ The Timer2_init() routine initializes both channels of the TIM2 module for the output compare function. Here is complete listing of the Timer2_init(). /****************************************************************************** * Function: Timer2_init(void) * * Description: timer initialization * * * Returns: none * * Notes: * ******************************************************************************/ void Timer2_init(void) { T2SC = TIMER_PRESC_32; T2SC0 = TIMER_OUT_PRESET0; T2CH0H = 0; T2CH0L = 0; T2SC1 = TIMER_OUT_PRESET0; T2CH1H = 0; T2CH1L = 0; } /* Setup Timer for bus clock 4MHz/32 = 8 usec/count */ DRM059 62 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Software Implementation 4.3.7 External EEPROM Control An external EEPROM is used to store Odometer and Tripmeter data. The device is compatible with the I2C memory protocol and behaves as a slave. MCU emulates the I2C protocol by software. The I2C communication channel is initiated by the I2Cinit() routine. Data is stored by the SaveData(data), and read by the ReadData(data) routines. 4.3.8 ATD Module Control The Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) measures the signal from the fuel level sensor. The ADC has a 6-channel 10-bit linear successive approximation. The application uses only one channel of the ADC with 8-bit resolution. The Ad_convert(chan) routine initializes ADC, makes the conversion, and returns the 8-bit value. Here is complete listing of the Ad_convert(chan). /***************************************************************************** * Function: unsigned char Ad_convert(unsigned char chan) * * Description: services A/D conversion in a 8-bit truncation mode * * Returns: unsigned char - content of the ADRL register * * Notes: * * * *****************************************************************************/ unsigned char Ad_convert(unsigned char chan) { ADCLK = ADCLK_PRESET; ADSCR = chan; // start conversion while (!ADSCR_COCO); // & wait until finished return ADRL; } Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4.3.9 SCI Module Control The SCI module is not utilized within the application, it is used by the Developer's Serial Bootloader for M68HC08. It allows an in-circuit reprogramming of Motorola's M68HC08 FLASH devices using standard communication media (e.g., a serial asynchronous port). For further information, refer to application note entitled Developer's Serial Bootloader for M68HC08 (Motorola document order number AN2295). The serial bootloader offers a zero-cost solution for applications already equipped with a serial interface and that have SCI pins available on a connector. Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 MOTOROLA Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 63 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Software Description Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 64 Cluster for Motorbikes Using the MC68HC908LJ12 and MC33970 Software Description For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- Cluster for Motorbikes Appendix A. Bill of Materials and Schematics A.1 Speedometer Bill of Materials Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Quantity 2 2 2 1 7 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 10 1 Reference C1,C15 C5,C2 C12,C3 C4 C6,C9,C10,C11,C13, C14,C16 C7,C8 C17,C18 C19 D2,D3 D1,D4,D6,D7 D2,D3 D5 D9,D10 D8 JP1 JP2 J1 J3 L1 Q1,Q2 Q3 R1 R2,R5,R8,R9,R10,R11, R12,R13,R18,R22 R3 Part 470F/35V 1F/50V 1nF 100F/6.3V 100nF 27pF 10nF 33nF MRA4007T3 1N4148 MRA4007T3 BZX84C9V1 BZX84C4V3 1SMA5939BT3 HDR 5X1 HDR 3X2 HEADER 4 HDR8 BEAD BC847B BCP52 27k 10k 39k R0805 R0805 R0805 Molex Molex Steward ON Semiconductor ON Semiconductor ON Semiconductor ON Semiconductor Molex C0805 C0805 C0805 C0805 ON Semiconductor C0805 Dstributor Number Farnell 320-1600 Farnell 556-312 Farnell 556-130 Farnell 499-687 Molex 39-30-2050 Farnell 511-780 Molex 43650-0401 Molex 43045-0812 Farnell 932-980 Farnell 932-954 Farnell 911-975 Table continued on the next page DRM059 MOTOROLA Bill of Materials and Schematics For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Designer Reference Manual 65 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Bill of Materials and Schematics Item 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Quantity 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R4 R6 R7 Reference 15k 330k 10M 100k 3R9 33R 1k5 4k7 Part R0805 R0805 R0805 R0805 R0805 R0805 R0805 Omron Dstributor Number R14,R15 R16 R17 R19 R20,R21 SW1 S1 TP1,TP2,TP3,TP4,TP5, TP6,TP7,TP8,TP9 U2 U3 U4 U5 U7 U10 X1 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... SWITCH-4 KSC241J TERMINAL MC7805BT MC33991DW STEPPER MOTOR M24C04-MN6 MC68HC908LJ12CPB LCD XT/C 0.032TC Farnell 328-1899 Not populated ON Semiconductor Motorola Sonceboz Farnell 302-5263 Motorola Farnell 571-672 A.2 Cluster for Motorbikes Schematics Refer to Figure A-1, Figure A-2, and Figure A-3. Designer Reference Manual 66 Bill of Materials and Schematics For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... 4 3 2 1 5 VCC D4 VCC 1 1 R17 1N4148 33 2 D6 1N4148 3 4 6 SCL WP M24C04-MN6 4k7 2 RTZ D9 1 1 1 2 BZX84C4V3 1 1 48 47 40 39 38 46 45 44 43 42 41 37 36 35 34 33 C9 .1uF 25V L1 U7 2 2 2 2 MC68HC908LJ12CPB CAL0 CAL1 CAL2 CAL3 SWITCH-4 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 SEG11 U3 TACHO STEPPER MOTOR Connection 1 2 3 4 COS 0+ COS 0SIN 0+ SIN 0COS 1+ COS 1SIN 1+ SIN 124 23 22 21 1 2 3 4 TP4 TP3 TP1 STEPPER MOTOR TP2 HEADER 4 SIN+ SIN+ COS+ COS+ 2 2A 3 3A 1 1A SINSINCOSCOS4 4A CAL0 U4 C FUEL INDICATOR Connection J3 5 6 7 8 HDR8 7 1 2 A0 A1 SDA 5 D 2 1 R21 4k7 2 U5 C16 .1uF 25V D 2 1 D10 BZX84C4V3 BEAD SW1 C14 .1uF 25V VREFL VREFH PTA3/KBI3 PTA2/KBI2 PTA1/KBI1 PTA0/KBI0 PTD0/SS 2 RSTB 1 VCC 2 C13 .1uF 50V KBI0 PTC7/FP26 PTC6/FP25 PTB7/ADC5 PTB6/ADC4 PTA7/ADC3 PTA6/ADC2 PTA5/ADC1 C7 XT/C 0.032TC 1 50 VDD VSS OSC1 OSC2 CGMXFC PTB0/TxD PTB1/RxD PTB2/T1CH0 PTB3/T1CH1 PTB4/T2CH0 PTB5/T2CH1 BP0 BP1 BP2 PTD4/KBI4 FP0/BP3 FP1 FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6 FP7 FP8 FP9 FP10 FP11 FP12 PTD3/SPSCK FP13 FP14 FP15 FP16 FP17 FP18 PTC0/FP19 PTD2/MOSI PTD1/MISO PTC1/FP20 CAL1 PTC2/FP21 CAL2 PTC3/FP22 CAL3 PTC4/FP23 IRQ 1 X1 51 R7 10M 52 53 C19 33nF R22 10k 1 21 2 54 55 56 57 58 TP7 59 60 1 1 R19 1k5 62 63 64 + 2 IRQ COM2 C4 100uF/6.3V COM1 TP8 2 TP9 61 COM0 VBAT U2 MC7805BT 1 VIN VOUT 3 GND 470uF/35V 470uF/35V 2 C1 + C15 + VCC 1 C18 2 10nF R6 1 27pF 25V 2 27pF 25V C8 31 VDDA RST 2 2 C 330k PROGRAMMING CONNECTOR VCC JP2 HDR 3X2 1 2 3 4 KEY 5 6 F343-742/2,5W/Silicone Coated Wirewound R16 3R9 1 2 D8 D2 1SMA5939BT3 MRA4007T3 PTD5/KBI5 PTD6/KBI6 D3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5 4 3 2 1 R4 15k COM3 SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6 SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 D7 IRQ 1N4148 SEG10 VBAT+ SPEED SNS FUEL SNS RPM SNS VBAT- MRA4007T3 PTD7/KBI7 HDR 5X1 PTA4/ADC0 PTC5/FP24 CSB SCLK SO SI MC33991DW VPWR RSTB VDD RTZ 1 9 10 11 12 16 15 14 13 2 2 RTZ RSTB 1 C10 .1uF 25V R5 10k 2 C6 .1uF 25V B 1 SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6 SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 R2 10k Odometer COM0 R1 + 1 1 1 KBI0 COM2 1 COM3 E R14 100k 2 2 1 C17 10nF 25V C3 1nF 25V 2 D1 1N4148 B TP6 Q1 BC847B 27k C2 C 1uF/50V 2 COM1 SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6 SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 COM1 COM2 COM3 Odometer 3 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. + 1 1 2 2 Bill of Materials and Schematics For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com 5 6 7 8 PGND1 PGND2 PGND3 PGND4 VCC SEG11 VCC PROGRAMMING BUTTON S1 KSC241J R8 10k TP5 39k 21 E R15 100k B Q2 BC847B C12 1nF 25V D5 BZX84C9V1 R18 1 10k C5 1uF/50V 2 C SEG11 COM0 4 3 2 MOTOROLA VCC R13 B 10k R20 1 R12 R11 R10 R9 10K 10K 10K 10K VCC 49 32 J1 VBAT VCC C11 .1uF 25V PGND8 PGND7 PGND6 PGND5 20 19 18 17 B A Q3 BCP52 C1 JP1 MAIN CINNECTOR A 1 DRM059 MCSL Roznov 1. maje 1009 756 61 Roznov p.R., Czech Republic, Europe Title E C R3 CLUSTER Speedo D:\CCWORK\R28107_PLM_VIEW_LATEST\APD\APD114\HW\PRICOL\00176_03\00176_03.DSN Author: Jaromir Chocholac Size Schematic Name: C Design File Name: Rev 0.2 Modify Date: Friday, December 12, 2003 Sheet Copyright Motorola POPI Status: 2001 1 of 1 1 MOTOROLA General Business 5 Bill of Materials and Schematics Cluster for Motorbikes Schematics Figure A-1. Speedometer Schematic Designer Reference Manual 67 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Designer Reference Manual 4 3 2 1 Bill of Materials and Schematics C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 COM0 COM1 COM2 SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6 SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 SEG11 COM3 68 LCD_PRICOL U10 D C B 5 D COM0 COM1 COM2 SEG0 SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6 SEG7 SEG8 SEG9 SEG10 SEG11 COM3 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Bill of Materials and Schematics For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Title B MCSL Roznov 1. maje 1009 756 61 Roznov p.R., Czech Republic, Europe A CLUSTER Author: Jaromir Chocholac Size Schematic Name: Odometer A D:\CCWORK\R28107_PLM_VIEW_LATEST\APD\APD114\HW\PRICOL\00176_03\00176_03.DSN Design File Name: Modify Date: Wednesday, September 17, 2003 Sheet Copyright Motorola 2001 POPI Status: Rev 0.2 of 1 1 MOTOROLA General Business 3 2 1 A 5 4 MOTOROLA DRM059 Figure A-2. Odometer Schematic Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 4 3 2 1 D 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 DI1 DI2 DI3 DI4 DI5 DI6 DI7 DI8 +VS 1 R5 2 0.05 1 R3 2 390R 1 G G G Y Y Y Y R R 1 2 R4 390R 2 680R 1 R1 1 2 R2 270R R UDN2981A 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 TP5 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Bill of Materials and Schematics For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com FUEL INDICATOR Connection TP8 U1 J3 1 2 3 4 HDR8 TP2 TP7 TP4 20 8 TP1 7 TP3 6 TP7 TP4 TP2 TP1 TP3 TP5 TP8 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DO1 DO2 DO3 DO4 DO5 DO6 DO7 DO8 GND 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 D4 HDSP4832 Title MOTOROLA C B 5 D C B A MCSL Roznov 1. maje 1009 756 61 Roznov p.R., Czech Republic, Europe A CLUSTER Author: Jaromir Chocholac Size Schematic Name: Fuel Indicator B D:\CCWORK\R28107_PLM_VIEW_LATEST\APD\APD114\HW\PRICOL\FUEL\FUELIND.DSN Design File Name: Modify Date: Tuesday, October 14, 2003 Sheet Copyright Motorola 2001 POPI Status: Rev 0.2 1 1 of MOTOROLA General Business 3 2 1 5 4 Bill of Materials and Schematics Cluster for Motorbikes Schematics Figure A-3. Demo Fuel Indicator Designer Reference Manual 69 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Bill of Materials and Schematics Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Designer Reference Manual 70 Bill of Materials and Schematics For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Designer Reference Manual -- Cluster for Motorbikes Glossary A -- See "accumulators (A and B or D)." accumulators (A and B or D) -- Two 8-bit (A and B) or one 16-bit (D) general-purpose registers in the CPU. The CPU uses the accumulators to hold operands and results of arithmetic and logic operations. acquisition mode -- A mode of PLL operation with large loop bandwidth. Also see 'tracking mode'. address bus -- The set of wires that the CPU or DMA uses to read and write memory locations. addressing mode -- The way that the CPU determines the operand address for an instruction. The M68HC12 CPU has 15 addressing modes. ALU -- See "arithmetic logic unit (ALU)." analogue-to-digital converter (ATD) -- The ATD module is an 8-channel, multiplexed-input successive-approximation analog-to-digital converter. arithmetic logic unit (ALU) -- The portion of the CPU that contains the logic circuitry to perform arithmetic, logic, and manipulation operations on operands. asynchronous -- Refers to logic circuits and operations that are not synchronized by a common reference signal. ATD -- See "analogue-to-digital converter". B -- See "accumulators (A and B or D)." baud rate -- The total number of bits transmitted per unit of time. BCD -- See "binary-coded decimal (BCD)." binary -- Relating to the base 2 number system. binary number system -- The base 2 number system, having two digits, 0 and 1. Binary arithmetic is convenient in digital circuit design because digital circuits have two permissible voltage levels, low and high. The binary digits 0 and 1 can be interpreted to correspond to the two digital voltage levels. binary-coded decimal (BCD) -- A notation that uses 4-bit binary numbers to represent the 10 decimal digits and that retains the same positional structure of a decimal number. For example, 234 (decimal) = 0010 0011 0100 (BCD) DRM059 MOTOROLA Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Designer Reference Manual 71 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary bit -- A binary digit. A bit has a value of either logic 0 or logic 1. branch instruction -- An instruction that causes the CPU to continue processing at a memory location other than the next sequential address. break module -- The break module allows software to halt program execution at a programmable point in order to enter a background routine. breakpoint -- A number written into the break address registers of the break module. When a number appears on the internal address bus that is the same as the number in the break address registers, the CPU executes the software interrupt instruction (SWI). Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... break interrupt -- A software interrupt caused by the appearance on the internal address bus of the same value that is written in the break address registers. bus -- A set of wires that transfers logic signals. bus clock -- See "CPU clock". byte -- A set of eight bits. CAN -- See "Motorola scalable CAN." CCR -- See "condition code register." central processor unit (CPU) -- The primary functioning unit of any computer system. The CPU controls the execution of instructions. CGM -- See "clock generator module (CGM)." clear -- To change a bit from logic 1 to logic 0; the opposite of set. clock -- A square wave signal used to synchronize events in a computer. clock generator module (CGM) -- The CGM module generates a base clock signal from which the system clocks are derived. The CGM may include a crystal oscillator circuit and/or phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. comparator -- A device that compares the magnitude of two inputs. A digital comparator defines the equality or relative differences between two binary numbers. computer operating properly module (COP) -- A counter module that resets the MCU if allowed to overflow. condition code register (CCR) -- An 8-bit register in the CPU that contains the interrupt mask bit and five bits that indicate the results of the instruction just executed. control bit -- One bit of a register manipulated by software to control the operation of the module. Designer Reference Manual 72 Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary control unit -- One of two major units of the CPU. The control unit contains logic functions that synchronize the machine and direct various operations. The control unit decodes instructions and generates the internal control signals that perform the requested operations. The outputs of the control unit drive the execution unit, which contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), CPU registers, and bus interface. COP -- See "computer operating properly module (COP)." CPU -- See "central processor unit (CPU)." CPU12 -- The CPU of the MC68HC12 Family. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... CPU clock -- Bus clock select bits BCSP and BCSS in the clock select register (CLKSEL) determine which clock drives SYSCLK for the main system, including the CPU and buses. When EXTALi drives the SYSCLK, the CPU or bus clock frequency (fo) is equal to the EXTALi frequency divided by 2. CPU cycles -- A CPU cycle is one period of the internal bus clock, normally derived by dividing a crystal oscillator source by two or more so the high and low times will be equal. The length of time required to execute an instruction is measured in CPU clock cycles. CPU registers -- Memory locations that are wired directly into the CPU logic instead of being part of the addressable memory map. The CPU always has direct access to the information in these registers. The CPU registers in an M68HC12 are: A (8-bit accumulator) B (8-bit accumulator) D (16-bit accumulator formed by concatenation of accumulators A and B) IX (16-bit index register) IY (16-bit index register) SP (16-bit stack pointer) PC (16-bit program counter) CCR (8-bit condition code register) cycle time -- The period of the operating frequency: tCYC = 1/fOP. D -- See "accumulators (A and B or D)." decimal number system -- Base 10 numbering system that uses the digits zero through nine. duty cycle -- A ratio of the amount of time the signal is on versus the time it is off. Duty cycle is usually represented by a percentage. ECT -- See "enhanced capture timer." EEPROM -- Electrically erasable, programmable, read-only memory. A nonvolatile type of memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. EPROM -- Erasable, programmable, read-only memory. A nonvolatile type of memory that can be erased by exposure to an ultraviolet light source and then reprogrammed. DRM059 MOTOROLA Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Designer Reference Manual 73 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary enhanced capture timer (ECT) -- The HC12 Enhanced Capture Timer module has the features of the HC12 Standard Timer module enhanced by additional features in order to enlarge the field of applications. exception -- An event such as an interrupt or a reset that stops the sequential execution of the instructions in the main program. fetch -- To copy data from a memory location into the accumulator. firmware -- Instructions and data programmed into nonvolatile memory. free-running counter -- A device that counts from zero to a predetermined number, then rolls over to zero and begins counting again. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... full-duplex transmission -- Communication on a channel in which data can be sent and received simultaneously. hexadecimal -- Base 16 numbering system that uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A through F. high byte -- The most significant eight bits of a word. illegal address -- An address not within the memory map illegal opcode -- A nonexistent opcode. index registers (IX and IY) -- Two 16-bit registers in the CPU. In the indexed addressing modes, the CPU uses the contents of IX or IY to determine the effective address of the operand. IX and IY can also serve as a temporary data storage locations. input/output (I/O) -- Input/output interfaces between a computer system and the external world. A CPU reads an input to sense the level of an external signal and writes to an output to change the level on an external signal. instructions -- Operations that a CPU can perform. Instructions are expressed by programmers as assembly language mnemonics. A CPU interprets an opcode and its associated operand(s) and instruction. inter-IC bus (I2C) -- A two-wire, bidirectional serial bus that provides a simple, efficient method of data exchange between devices. interrupt -- A temporary break in the sequential execution of a program to respond to signals from peripheral devices by executing a subroutine. interrupt request -- A signal from a peripheral to the CPU intended to cause the CPU to execute a subroutine. I/O -- See "input/output (I/0)." jitter -- Short-term signal instability. latch -- A circuit that retains the voltage level (logic 1 or logic 0) written to it for as long as power is applied to the circuit. Designer Reference Manual 74 Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary latency -- The time lag between instruction completion and data movement. least significant bit (LSB) -- The rightmost digit of a binary number. logic 1 -- A voltage level approximately equal to the input power voltage (VDD). logic 0 -- A voltage level approximately equal to the ground voltage (VSS). low byte -- The least significant eight bits of a word. M68HC12 -- A Motorola family of 16-bit MCUs. mark/space -- The logic 1/logic 0 convention used in formatting data in serial communication. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... mask -- 1. A logic circuit that forces a bit or group of bits to a desired state. 2. A photomask used in integrated circuit fabrication to transfer an image onto silicon. MCU -- Microcontroller unit. See "microcontroller." memory location -- Each M68HC12 memory location holds one byte of data and has a unique address. To store information in a memory location, the CPU places the address of the location on the address bus, the data information on the data bus, and asserts the write signal. To read information from a memory location, the CPU places the address of the location on the address bus and asserts the read signal. In response to the read signal, the selected memory location places its data onto the data bus. memory map -- A pictorial representation of all memory locations in a computer system. MI-Bus -- See "Motorola interconnect bus". microcontroller -- Microcontroller unit (MCU). A complete computer system, including a CPU, memory, a clock oscillator, and input/output (I/O) on a single integrated circuit. modulo counter -- A counter that can be programmed to count to any number from zero to its maximum possible modulus. most significant bit (MSB) -- The leftmost digit of a binary number. Motorola interconnect bus (MI-Bus) -- The Motorola Interconnect Bus (MI Bus) is a serial communications protocol which supports distributed real-time control efficiently and with a high degree of noise immunity. Motorola scalable CAN (msCAN) -- The Motorola scalable controller area network is a serial communications protocol that efficiently supports distributed real-time control with a very high level of data integrity. msCAN -- See "Motorola scalable CAN". MSI -- See "multiple serial interface". multiple serial interface -- A module consisting of multiple independent serial I/O sub-systems, e.g. two SCI and one SPI. DRM059 MOTOROLA Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Designer Reference Manual 75 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary multiplexer -- A device that can select one of a number of inputs and pass the logic level of that input on to the output. nibble -- A set of four bits (half of a byte). object code -- The output from an assembler or compiler that is itself executable machine code, or is suitable for processing to produce executable machine code. opcode -- A binary code that instructs the CPU to perform an operation. open-drain -- An output that has no pullup transistor. An external pullup device can be connected to the power supply to provide the logic 1 output voltage. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... operand -- Data on which an operation is performed. Usually a statement consists of an operator and an operand. For example, the operator may be an add instruction, and the operand may be the quantity to be added. oscillator -- A circuit that produces a constant frequency square wave that is used by the computer as a timing and sequencing reference. OTPROM -- One-time programmable read-only memory. A nonvolatile type of memory that cannot be reprogrammed. overflow -- A quantity that is too large to be contained in one byte or one word. page zero -- The first 256 bytes of memory (addresses $0000-$00FF). parity -- An error-checking scheme that counts the number of logic 1s in each byte transmitted. In a system that uses odd parity, every byte is expected to have an odd number of logic 1s. In an even parity system, every byte should have an even number of logic 1s. In the transmitter, a parity generator appends an extra bit to each byte to make the number of logic 1s odd for odd parity or even for even parity. A parity checker in the receiver counts the number of logic 1s in each byte. The parity checker generates an error signal if it finds a byte with an incorrect number of logic 1s. PC -- See "program counter (PC)." peripheral -- A circuit not under direct CPU control. phase-locked loop (PLL) -- A clock generator circuit in which a voltage controlled oscillator produces an oscillation which is synchronized to a reference signal. PLL -- See "phase-locked loop (PLL)." pointer -- Pointer register. An index register is sometimes called a pointer register because its contents are used in the calculation of the address of an operand, and therefore points to the operand. polarity -- The two opposite logic levels, logic 1 and logic 0, which correspond to two different voltage levels, VDD and VSS. polling -- Periodically reading a status bit to monitor the condition of a peripheral device. port -- A set of wires for communicating with off-chip devices. Designer Reference Manual 76 Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary prescaler -- A circuit that generates an output signal related to the input signal by a fractional scale factor such as 1/2, 1/8, 1/10 etc. program -- A set of computer instructions that cause a computer to perform a desired operation or operations. program counter (PC) -- A 16-bit register in the CPU. The PC register holds the address of the next instruction or operand that the CPU will use. pull -- An instruction that copies into the accumulator the contents of a stack RAM location. The stack RAM address is in the stack pointer. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... pullup -- A transistor in the output of a logic gate that connects the output to the logic 1 voltage of the power supply. pulse-width -- The amount of time a signal is on as opposed to being in its off state. pulse-width modulation (PWM) -- Controlled variation (modulation) of the pulse width of a signal with a constant frequency. push -- An instruction that copies the contents of the accumulator to the stack RAM. The stack RAM address is in the stack pointer. PWM period -- The time required for one complete cycle of a PWM waveform. RAM -- Random access memory. All RAM locations can be read or written by the CPU. The contents of a RAM memory location remain valid until the CPU writes a different value or until power is turned off. RC circuit -- A circuit consisting of capacitors and resistors having a defined time constant. read -- To copy the contents of a memory location to the accumulator. register -- A circuit that stores a group of bits. reserved memory location -- A memory location that is used only in special factory test modes. Writing to a reserved location has no effect. Reading a reserved location returns an unpredictable value. reset -- To force a device to a known condition. SCI -- See "serial communication interface module (SCI)." serial -- Pertaining to sequential transmission over a single line. serial communications interface module (SCI) -- A module that supports asynchronous communication. serial peripheral interface module (SPI) -- A module that supports synchronous communication. set -- To change a bit from logic 0 to logic 1; opposite of clear. shift register -- A chain of circuits that can retain the logic levels (logic 1 or logic 0) written to them and that can shift the logic levels to the right or left through adjacent circuits in the chain. DRM059 MOTOROLA Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Designer Reference Manual 77 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary signed -- A binary number notation that accommodates both positive and negative numbers. The most significant bit is used to indicate whether the number is positive or negative, normally logic 0 for positive and logic 1 for negative. The other seven bits indicate the magnitude of the number. software -- Instructions and data that control the operation of a microcontroller. software interrupt (SWI) -- An instruction that causes an interrupt and its associated vector fetch. SPI -- See "serial peripheral interface module (SPI)." stack -- A portion of RAM reserved for storage of CPU register contents and subroutine return addresses. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... stack pointer (SP) -- A 16-bit register in the CPU containing the address of the next available storage location on the stack. start bit -- A bit that signals the beginning of an asynchronous serial transmission. status bit -- A register bit that indicates the condition of a device. stop bit -- A bit that signals the end of an asynchronous serial transmission. subroutine -- A sequence of instructions to be used more than once in the course of a program. The last instruction in a subroutine is a return from subroutine (RTS) instruction. At each place in the main program where the subroutine instructions are needed, a jump or branch to subroutine (JSR or BSR) instruction is used to call the subroutine. The CPU leaves the flow of the main program to execute the instructions in the subroutine. When the RTS instruction is executed, the CPU returns to the main program where it left off. synchronous -- Refers to logic circuits and operations that are synchronized by a common reference signal. timer -- A module used to relate events in a system to a point in time. toggle -- To change the state of an output from a logic 0 to a logic 1 or from a logic 1 to a logic 0. tracking mode -- A mode of PLL operation with narrow loop bandwidth. Also see `acquisition mode.' two's complement -- A means of performing binary subtraction using addition techniques. The most significant bit of a two's complement number indicates the sign of the number (1 indicates negative). The two's complement negative of a number is obtained by inverting each bit in the number and then adding 1 to the result. unbuffered -- Utilizes only one register for data; new data overwrites current data. unimplemented memory location -- A memory location that is not used. Writing to an unimplemented location has no effect. Reading an unimplemented location returns an unpredictable value. variable -- A value that changes during the course of program execution. VCO -- See "voltage-controlled oscillator." Designer Reference Manual 78 Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary vector -- A memory location that contains the address of the beginning of a subroutine written to service an interrupt or reset. voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) -- A circuit that produces an oscillating output signal of a frequency that is controlled by a dc voltage applied to a control input. waveform -- A graphical representation in which the amplitude of a wave is plotted against time. wired-OR -- Connection of circuit outputs so that if any output is high, the connection point is high. word -- A set of two bytes (16 bits). write -- The transfer of a byte of data from the CPU to a memory location. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... DRM059 MOTOROLA Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Designer Reference Manual 79 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Glossary Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Designer Reference Manual 80 Glossary For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059 MOTOROLA Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. HOW TO REACH US: USA/EUROPE/LOCATIONS NOT LISTED: Motorola Literature Distribution P.O. Box 5405 Denver, Colorado 80217 1-800-521-6274 or 480-768-2130 JAPAN: Motorola Japan Ltd. SPS, Technical Information Center 3-20-1, Minami-Azabu, Minato-ku Tokyo 106-8573, Japan 81-3-3440-3569 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd. Silicon Harbour Centre 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong 852-26668334 HOME PAGE: http://motorola.com/semiconductors Freescale Semiconductor, Inc... Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Motorola products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters that may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals", must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent and Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. (c) Motorola Inc. 2004 For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com DRM059/D Rev. 0 3/2004 |
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