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TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Features
! Fully integrated, PLL-stabilized VCO ! Flexible frequency range from 310 MHz to 450 MHz ! FSK through crystal pulling allows modulation from DC to 20 kbit/s ! High FSK deviation possible for wideband data transmission ! ASK achieved by on/off keying of internal power amplifier ! FM possible with external varactor ! Wide power supply range from 2.2 V to 5.5 V ! High over-all frequency accuracy ! Very low standby current ! Adjustable output power range from -12 dBm to +2 dBm ! Adjustable current consumption from 4.8 mA to 11.5 mA ! FSK deviation and center frequency independently adjustable ! Differential output well-suited for loop antenna ! External clock available for C drive, down to 1.9 V supply ! "Clock only" mode ! Conforms to EN 300 220 and similar standard
Ordering Information
Part No. TH7107 Temperature Range -40 C to 85 C Package SOIC16
Application Examples
! ! ! ! ! Keyless car and central locking Low-power telemetry Alarm and security systems General digital data transmission General analog audio signal transmission
Pin Description
LF1 1 SUB 2 DATA 3 RO2 4 RO1 5 ENTX 6 ENCK 7 CKOUT 8 TH7107
16 LF2 15 VCC 14 VEE 13 OUT1 12 OUT2 11 VEE 10 VCC 9 PS
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 1 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
General Description
The TH7107 FSK/ASK/FM transmitter IC is designed for applications in the European 433MHz industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) band, according to the EN 300 220 telecommunications standard. It can also be used for any other system with carrier frequencies ranging from 310 MHz to 450 MHz (e.g. for applications in the US 315MHz ISM band). The transmitter's carrier frequency fc is determined by the frequency of the reference crystal fref that is used. The integrated PLL synthesizer ensures that each RF value, ranging from 310 MHz to 450 MHz, can be achieved by using a crystal with reference frequency according to: fref = fc/N, where N = 32 is the PLL feedback divider ratio.
Theory of Operation
General As depicted in Fig.1, the TH7107 transmitter consists of a fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a divide-by-32 divider (div32), a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and a charge pump. An external loop filter at pin LF determines the dynamic behavior of the PLL and suppresses reference spurious signals. The VCO's output signal feeds the power amplifier (PA). RF signal power Po can be adjusted in six steps from Po = -12 dBm to +2 dBm either by changing the value of resistor RPS or by varying the voltage VPS at pin PS. The open-collector differential output (OUT1, OUT2) can be used to either directly drive a loop antenna or to be converted to a singleended impedance by means of a balanced-tounbalanced (balun) transformer. For maximum available output power, the differential output should be matched to a load of approx. 1 k. Bandgap biasing ensures stable operation of the IC at a power supply range of 2.2 V to 5.5 V. FSK Modulation A Colpitts crystal oscillator (XOSC) is used as the reference oscillator of a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer. FSK modulation is achieved by pulling the crystal (XTAL) through the data. So a CMOScompatible data stream applied at input DATA digitally modulates the XOSC. Two external pulling capacitors CX1 and CX2 allow the FSK deviation and center frequency to be adjusted independently. At DATA = LOW CX2 is connected in parallel to CX1 leading to the low-frequency component of the FSK spectrum (fmin); while at DATA = HIGH CX2 is deactivated and the XOSC is set to its high frequency, leading to fmax. An external reference signal can be directly ACcoupled to pin RO1. Then the TH7107 is used without an XTAL. The reference signal has to contain the FSK (or FM) and sets the carrier frequency. Frequency Modulation (FM) For FM operation an external varactor is required. It simply acts as a pulling capacitor connected in series to the crystal. Then the analog modulation signal, applied through a series resistor, directly modulates the XOSC. ASK Modulation The TH7107 can be ASK-modulated by applying data directly at pin PS. This turns the PA on and off and therefore leads to an ASK signal at the output. Mode Control Logic The mode control logic allows four different modes of operation as listed in the following table. The mode control pins ENCK and ENTX are pulleddown internally. This guarantees that the whole circuit is shut down if these pins are left floating. The clock output CKOUT can be used to drive a C. This output can be activated by the ENCK pin as required for any specific application. Clock frequency is 1/4 of the reference crystal frequency.
ENCK ENTX Mode Description
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
all OFF whole circuit in standby TX only TX functionality only, no clock available clock only TX in standby and clock available
all ON TX functional and clock available
Table 1: Modes of operation
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 2 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Block Diagram
VCC
ENCK 7
OUT1 13
VEE 14
OUT2 12
RPS
VEE 11
mode control
PA
9
ENTX 6
VCO
16 LF2
2 SUB
PS
VCC 15
charge pump
div32
PFD
VCC 10
XOSC
div 4
8
5
CKOUT
RO1
RO2
XTAL
CX2
4
Fig. 1:TH7107 block diagram with external components
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 3 of 14
CX1
3
DATA
1
CF1
LF1
RF1
CF2
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Pin Definition and Description
Pin No. 1 Name LF1 I/O Type output
LF1 1
200
Functional Schematic
Description charge pump output, connection to loop filter
2 3
SUB DATA
ground input
DATA 3
1.8k
negative power supply, substrate connection FSK data input, CMOS-compatible
4
RO2
analog I/O
RO2 4
XOSC FSK pulling pin, MOS switch
5
RO1
analog I/O
RO1 5
37k
XOSC connection to XTAL, Colpitts type crystal oscillator
28p 28p
6
ENTX
input
ENTX 6
1.1k
mode control input, CMOScompatible with internal pulldown
7
ENCK
input
ENCK 7
1.1k
mode control input, CMOScompatible with internal pulldown
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 4 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Pin No. 8
Name CKOUT
I/O Type output
Functional Schematic
Description clock output, CMOS-compatible
CKOUT 8
200
9
PS
analog I/O
20A
power-select and ASK input, high-impedance comparator logic
PS 9
200
10 11 12
VCC VEE OUT2
supply ground output
VCC VCC
positive power supply negative power supply differential power amplifier output, open collector
OUT2
OUT1 13
13
OUT1
output
12
differential power amplifier output, open collector
VEE VEE
VEE
14 15 16
VEE VCC LF2
ground supply input
LF2 16
5p 200
negative power supply positive power supply VCO tuning input, connection from loop filter
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 5 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Technical Data
Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply voltage Input voltage Input current Storage temperature Electrostatic discharge Symbol Vcc Vin Iin TSTG VESD human body model, MIL STD 833D method 3015.7 DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins Condition Min -0.3 -0.3 -1.0 -40 -1.0 Max 7.0 VCC+0.3 1.0 150 +1.0 Unit V V mA C kV
Normal Operating Conditions Parameter Supply voltage Operating temperature XOSC frequency VCO frequency Clock frequency Symbol Vcc Ta fref fc fclk set by the crystal fc = 32 * fref fclk = fref / 4 Condition Min 2.2 -40 9.69 310 2.42 Max 5.5 85 14 450 3.50 Unit V C MHz MHz MHz
DC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at Ta = 23 C and Vcc = 3 V Parameter Standby current Clock only current Operating current Input HIGH voltage Input LOW voltage Input current Pull down current Symbol ISBY Iclk Icc VHIGH VLOW Iin Ipd Condition ENCK=0, ENTX=0 ENCK=1, ENTX=0 ENCK=x, ENTX=1, RPS=56k DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins DATA, ENCK, ENTX pins DATA=x, ENCK=0, ENTX=0 ENCK=1, ENTX=1 0.7 7 0.7*Vcc -0.3 -1 2 8 Min Typ 0.05 0.9 9 Max 0.1 1.1 10 Vcc+0.3 0.3*Vcc 1 15 Unit A mA mA V V A A
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 6 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
AC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at Ta = 23 C and Vcc = 3 V; ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, RPS = 56 k, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4 Parameter Output power FSK deviation Data rate FSK FM deviation Modulation frequency FM Data rate ASK Reference spurs Clock spurs Harmonic content Spurious output signal Phase noise VCO gain Charge pump current Clock voltage swing Start-up time Symbol Po fFSK RFSK fFM fmod RASK Pref Pclk Pharm Poff PN KVCO ICP VCKOUT ton Cload = 5pF from "all OFF" to any other mode NRZ @ fc fref @ fc fclk @ 2fc , 3fc , 4fc VPS 0.1V @ fc 500kHz depends on CX1, CX2 and crystal parameter NRZ adjustable with varactor and VFM 5 Condition Min Typ -1 30 20 6 5 40 -44 -44 -40 -60 -87 200 260 2 0.9 100 Max Unit dBm kHz kbit/s kHz kHz kbit/s dBm dBm dBm dBm dBc/Hz MHz/V A Vpp ms
Output Power Selection typical values at Ta = 23 C and Vcc = 3 V: ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4 RPS / k VPS/ V Icc / mA Po / dBm Pharm / dBm 68 2 11.5 2 -40 56 1.2 8.6 -1 -40 47 0.9 7.3 -4 -40 39 0.7 6.2 -7 -45 27 0.5 5.3 -10 -45 15 0.3 4.8 -12 -50
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 7 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Crystal Parameter
Parameter Crystal frequency Load capacitance Static capacitance Resonance resistance Spurious response Symbol fcrystal Cload C0 Rm aspur Condition fundamental mode, AT Min 9.69 10 Max 14 15 7 60 -10 Unit MHz pF pF dB
Center Frequency as Function of CX1 and CX2 The center frequency fC is defined as (fmax + fmin) /2. typical values at Ta = 23 C and Vcc = 3 V: XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 2 CX2 = 1 nF CX1 / pF 22 32 40 49 61 104 fC / MHz 433.612 433.604 433.598 433.596 433.593 433.587 CX2 = 100 pF fC / MHz 433.619 433.610 433.604 433.601 433.598 CX2 = 47 pF fC / MHz 433.625 433.614 433.608 433.604 433.600
433.630 433.625 433.620 433.615 433.610
fC / MHz
Cx2 = 1nF CX2 = 100pF Cx2 = 47pF
433.605 433.600 433.595 433.590 10 20 30 40 Cx1/pF
Fig. 2: Center frequency vs. CX1, at different CX2
50
60
70
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 8 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Frequency Deviation as Function of CX1 and CX2 The frequency deviation f is defined as (fmax - fmin) /2. typical values at Ta = 23 C and Vcc = 3 V: XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 3 CX2 = 1 nF CX1 / pF 22 32 40 49 61 104 f / kHz 34 25 20 17 13 8 CX2 = 100 pF f / kHz 27 19 14 11.5 9 CX2 = 47 pF f / kHz 21 14 10 8 5.5
40 35 30
f / kHz
25 20 15 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 Cx1/pF
Fig. 3: Frequency deviation vs. CX1, at different CX2
Cx2 = 1nF CX2 = 100pF Cx2 = 47pF
50
60
70
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 9 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Test Circuit
OUT C3 C2 C5 L1 C1 L2 C6 RPS
C4
L3
Fig. 4: Test circuit for FSK, ASK and FM; with 50 matching network
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 VCC LF2 OUT1 OUT2 VEE VEE VCC PS 8 CKOUT 9
RF2
1 LF1 ENCK 7 ENTX 6 DATA SUB RO2 4 RO1 5
2
3
CX2 RF1 CX3 CF2 CF1 V1 R1 R2
XTAL R3 CX1
C7
12
12
12
12
12 3
12
FSK GND
VCC GND
FM/ASK GND
ENTX GND
VCC ENCK GND
Test circuit component list to Fig. 4 Part
CF1 CF2 CX1_FSK
Size
0603 0603 0603
Value
10 nF 12 pF 39 pF 68 pF 1 nF 1 nF 2.7 pF 0.68 pF 3.9 pF 150 pF 330 pF 330 pF 220 nF 22 nH 22 nH 33 nH 2.0 k 4.3 k 56 k 470 k 30 k 0 BB535 13.55 MHz fundamental wave
Tolerance
10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 20% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 30ppm calibr. 30ppm temp.
Description
loop filter capacitor loop filter capacitor XOSC capacitor for FSK (f = 20 kHz) XOSC capacitor for ASK, trimmed to fC XOSC capacitor (for FSK only) XOSC capacitor (for FM only) impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor blocking capacitor blocking capacitor blocking capacitor impedance matching inductor impedance matching inductor impedance matching inductor loop filter resistor loop filter resistor power-select resistor optional pull-up resistor varactor bias resistor, (for FM only) ASK jumper, (for ASK only) varactor diode (for FM only) crystal, Cload = 12 pF to 15 pF, C0, max = 7 pF, Rm, max = 60
CX1_ASK 0603 CX2 0603 CX3 0603 C1 0603 C2 0805 C3 0805 C4 0603 C5 0603 C6 0603 C7 1206 L1 0603 L2 0603 L3 0805 RF1 0805 RF2 0805 RPS 0805 R1 0805 R2 0805 R3 0805 V1 SOD323 XTAL HC49/S
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 10 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
CKOUT GND
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Spectrum Plots
All plots depict TH7107`s typical performance at Vcc = 3.0 V and Ta = 23 C, derived with the test circuit shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5: RF output signal and spurious emissions, CW mode (DATA = HIGH)
Fig. 6: Single-sideband phase noise at 500 kHz offset, CW mode (DATA = HIGH)
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 11 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Fig. 7: FSK modulation with RFSK = 6.6 kbit/s NRZ
Fig. 8: ASK modulation with RASK = 4 kbit/s NRZ
Fig. 9: FM with fmod = 2 kHz, FM input signal with 1 Vpp around 1.5 VDC, DATA = HIGH
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 12 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Package Information
E1 E
123 D A1 A e b L
Fig. 10: SOIC16 (Small Outline Package)
all Dimension in mm, coplanarity < 0.1mm D min max min max 9.80 9.98 0.386 0.393 E1 3.81 3.99 E 5.80 6.20 A 1.32 1.72 A1 0.10 0.25 e 1.27 b 0.36 0.46 L 0.41 1.27 0.016 0.050 0 8 0 8
all Dimension in inch, coplanarity < 0.004" 0.150 0.2284 0.060 0.0040 0.05 0.014 0.157 0.2440 0.068 0.0098 0.018
3901007107 Rev. 005
Page 13 of 14
Data Sheet Dec. 2001
TH7107
315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter
Your Notes
Important Notice
Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or lifesustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis' rendering of technical or other services. (c) 2000 Melexis NV. All rights reserved.
For the latest version of this document. Go to our website at
www.melexis.com
Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct:
Europe and Japan:
Phone: +32 1361 1631 E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com
All other locations:
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QS9000, VDA6.1 and ISO14001 Certified 3901007107 Rev. 005 Page 14 of 14 Data Sheet Dec. 2001

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