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| CML Semiconductor Products PRODUCT INFORMATION CM1481 Applications o-Wa Selcall in Two-Way Radio Alarm Systems Control/Switc ol/Switching Remote Control/Switching Non-Predictive Selcall Module Obsolete Product `For Information Only' Control Switching `SECURE' Control and Switching Control Industrial Control Automatic User Identity `N'-T 5`N'-TONE SELCALL ENCODING & NON-PREDICTIVE DECODING + `N'-TONE SELCALL ENCODING NON-PREDICTIVE DECODING ON-P 5 GROUP CALLING GR CALLING CM1481 Operating and Programming Programming Manual Manual Features 5 Encoding and Non-Predictive All-Tone All-Tone Decoding 5 Low-Power Requirement Low-P w-Po D.C. ) (4.0mA @ 6v to 26v D.C. [typ]) 5 All-System GROUP-Call GROUP-Call 5 Transponding and ANI 5 Over-Air "Stun and Release" and Over-Air "Re-Configuration" 5 CCIR, EEA and ZVEI Tonesets 5 Simple , Serial Configuration Simple, 5 Multiple Coded Audio Alerts 5 PTT Time-Out Timer 5 PTT Lockout Lock 5 Remote Reset Facility Facility 5 Simple Radio Interface The CM1481 Non-Predictive Selcall Module Table of Contents Introduction to The CM1481 Summary of Standard Functions and Features Installation Instructions Power Requirements Handling Precautions Alert Audio Levels Radio Interface Circuit Diagram PCB Layout Configuration Configuration Menu Error and Status Messages Receive Call Operation Transmit Call Operation LED Call Memory LED Drive Automatic REPEAT-Tone Timed Mute Reset Audio Alerts PTT Lockout Single or Dual Button Operation Automatic Number Identification (ANI) Tx Timeout and Warning NOTONE Timer Transponding Input/Output Polarities Lead-In Tone Quiet/Open Modes Lead-In Delay Over-Air Functions Power-Up 'Quiet'/'Open' `Muted' Call Initiation Security Checks Example Over-Air Transactions Pseudo-Random Number Information Over-Air Tone Information Hexadecimal Sequential Code Operational Rules Tone Allocations International GROUP CALL Non-International GROUP CALL Specification Ordering Information 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 2 Brief Introduction to The CM1481 The CM1481 is a compact 5- or 6-Tone CCIR, EEA and ZVEI selcall module with individual address encoding, non-predictive all-tone decoding, transponding and full, all-system GROUP Call and ANI capabilities. In addition to normal selcall facilities, the CM1481 offers, as standard, a range of over-air control facilities to allow a base-station additional control when working with remote units. These added facilities are: `Stun' and `Release' - To allow the controller to completely `freeze' all module and parent radio audio functions rendering it inoperative until `Released'. This to counter theft, air misuse/abuse or non-payment of fees. `Re-Configuration' - To change module addresses and modes via an over-air command. This to allow unit participation in other user groups. `Stun', `Release' and `Re-Configuration' operations are carried out using a secure authentication protocol to prevent accidental or illegal transactions. The unit may be muted by the base. Under the control of its on-board Controller, operating from instructions written to it by a simple menu-driven configuration operation from a basic 'PC' type computer, the CM1481 can completely control the workings of the radio's Rx and Tx audio processes. After Configuration the only operator inputs required are Microphone/Handset, Volume and Selcall Tx/Mute controls. The CM1481 will detect and decode all incoming tone information, controlling the radio functions whilst providing the operator with various coded audio alerts to indicate status and progress. J1 /1 3 + CM1481 D J1 U 1 Configuration Interface Connector /1 + X1 U 3 U 2 IN Fig.1 A Typical Configuration Setup CM1481 - A Summary of Standard Functions and Features Configuration by Menu-Driven Software via a Serial `PC' Link CCIR, EEA and ZVEI Toneset/Length Capabilities HSC Signalling Control Features Over-Air "Stun" & "Release" Rapid Over-Air "ReConfiguration" Remote Reset Individual Addressing Extended Group & Data Tone Facilities Simple Radio Interface Low-Power Requirement (4.0mA typ) "Muted" Call Initiation Programmable I/O Polarities Lead/Trail Automatic Number Identification (ANI) Programmable Lead-In Tone and Delay Transponding Facility Single or Dual Button Operation Timed Mute Reset Tx (PTT) Time Out + Warning PTT (Busy) Lockout CMOS Compatible Logic Operators' Coded Call-Alert Capability 3 O U T -A U D IO SW IT C H U 4 Installation Installation Instructions The CM1481 is designed to be embodied physically within a mobile, portable or handheld transceiver to interface electrically with Rx and Tx audio circuitry via the Radio Interface. The diagram below shows the input and output system functions of the CM1481. Before Installation it is recommended that this document is studied carefully. Power Supply (12) (5) PTT IN GND V IN (13) (4) QUIET/OPEN (3) (2) (1) Tx CALL BUSY CONFIG Micro-Controller Regulator Tx ON (11) MUTE CTRL (10) LED TONE OUT ALERT (8) (9) (7) (6) SIGNAL IN Audio Signalling Processor EEPROM Audio Switch Fig.2 The Radio Interface Method of Installation Ensuring that there is sufficient room to introduce the Radio Interface lead and the Configuration Interface Connector, place the CM1481 into its operating position using the double-sided sticky-pad (supplied) on the discrete component side of the module. Ensure that the module adheres firmly to its mounting surface. Consider the requirements for Single or Dual Button operation. Do not attempt to install the module into areas of the radio where it may be subject to high RF fields. Ensure that the CM1481 is well insulated from other radio components. It is recommended, at this stage, that some record is formulated to identify the configuration state of the module/radio pair. Handling Precautions The CM1481, which is supplied in an anti-static package, contains CMOS devices. It is recommended that to prevent damage, Electrostatic Discharge Precautions are employed at all stages of any production process involving this module. Alert Audio Levels If alert levels from the CM1481 are to be fed into an external audio amplifier it is recommended that the LINK is removed. Removal of the LINK will allow connection to high-impedance loads. LINK IN can drive an external loudspeaker. LINK OUT can drive an external amplifier. See layout diagrams, Figure 4, and Table 5 (Audio Alert Descriptions). Installation Dimensions CM1481 board size. 45mm x 22mm x 8mm. Power Requirements The supply voltage requirement of the CM1481 is between 6 and 26 volts d.c. 4 Installation ...... CM1481 Radio Interface The table below shows the functions and interconnections of the CM1481 interface (J1) employed in both NORMAL and CONFIGURATION modes. Functions prefixed by a star (*) indicate configurable IN/OUT polarities. Consult the Configuration section of this * manual for Configuration Instructions and Configuration Interface Connector termination information. Pin 1 2 Function CONFIG * BUSY Normal Mode - to Radio Function Configure Mode - to PC Configuration mode sense. When this pin is "High" the module WILL NOT enter the CONFIGURATION mode, when "Low" the module WILL enter the CONFIGURATION mode on power-up. Input from the radio squelch circuitry. A level here indicates the presence of an RF carrier. Input from the installation "Operation" momentaryaction switch to initiate a Selcall. See "Single/Dual Button" Operation notes. CLOCK The CLOCK signal generated by the configuring PC is input here. 3 * Tx CALL 4 * QUIET/OPEN Input from the installation "Operation" momentary- DATA IN action switch to control the radio mute state. See "Single/Dual Button" Operation notes. Input from the Mic. or peripheral PTT line. The CM1481 controls the radio Tx function via Tx On. Input for received Selcall tones from the radio demodulator prior to squelch circuitry. Audible alerts output. Introduce into the radio's Rx audio stage with due regard to any audio powersave functions. This output can drive a loudspeaker directly. Output drive to an LED indicator. Connect an LED between this pin and GND. Selcall tone output. Introduce this output into the radio Tx Audio path. Connect to radio Rx Squelch circuitry so that when this output is active Rx Audio is muted. Tx PTT Drive. When active this output will key the Tx. Signal Ground (-) Positive Supply Voltage (+) Data from the configuring PC to the module is input here. 5 * PTT IN 6 SIGNAL IN 7 ALERT 8 * LED DATA OUT Data from the module to the configuring PC is output here. 9 TONE OUT 10 * MUTE CTRL 11 12 13 * Tx ON GND V IN AUDIO SWITCH An on-board (Audio Signalling Processor) all-audio switch-path, accessible via on-board solder-pads. This switch operates in co-ordination with the QUIET/OPEN function for use with all audio signals. When 'Quiet' the switch is OFF, when 'Open' the switch is ON. Table 1 CM1481 Radio Interface Functions The position of Pin 1 is identified on Figure 4 (PCB Layout). 5 CM1481 Circuit Diagram Circuit Diagram CM1481 Circuit Diagram CM1481 Circuit Diagram CM1481 Circuit Diagram CM1481 Circuit Diagram CM1481 Circuit Diagram AUDIO SWITCH AUDIO SWITCH PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 NORMAL CONFIG BUSY Tx CALL QUIET/OPEN PTT IN SIGNAL IN ALERT LED TONE OUT MUTE CTRL Tx ON GND V IN CONFIGURE CONFIG CLOCK DATA IN C1 GND C2 R1 X1 C3 GND R2 DATA OUT 44 43 1 2 R19 OSC1 RESETN IRQN VPP TCAP VDD OSC2 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0 PD0/RDI PD1/TDO PD2/MISO PD3/MODI PD4/SCK PD5/SSN TCMP PD7 24 42 1 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 R10 R11 R9 XTALN AUDSWIN RXAUDIN VDD XTAL AUDSWOP N/C1 N/C2 N/C3 2 11 8 9 22 20 21 16 17 18 R14 GND V IN 10 GND 4 41 13 R12 C8 VIN + R29 C 10 U2 19 VDD SUMIN C4 R25 R24 SUMOP SWSUMOP TONE1 TONE2 CAL/CUES GND 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 R8 PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 U1 6 LOGIN 15 VBIAS 14 R15 R27 R16 R28 LINK R26 GND C 11 SIBIAS C15 4 CSN 5 CDATA 23 SCLK VSS IRQN RDATA R17 7 3 C6 ALERT C 12 R7 R6 R4 R5 R18 2 3 6 T1 T2 GND 7 QUIET/OPEN R30 R31 CONFIG SIGNAL IN R23 VDD R20 R21 PTT IN 6 Tx ON MUTE CTRL LED 12 1 4 CS DO DI SK VDD 8 6 7 5 C 13 VDD 3 2 U3 PE PRE VSS VSS 22 GND VDD GND R22 GND 8 VIN VDD U4 VOUT 1 VDD C 14 J1 V IN GND Tx ON MUTE CTRL TONE OUT LED ALERT SIGNAL IN PTT IN QUIET/OPEN CALL BUSY CONFIG 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 BUSY Fig.3 CM1481 Circuit Diagram Lay CM1481 PCB Layout J1/1 J1/13 D U1 Note the position of the on-board LINK on the underside of the printed circuit board. If Alert Levels are to be fed to an external audio amplifier it is recommended that the LINK is removed so that the ALERT output can drive a high impedance stage. LINK X1 + U2 U3 LINK IN will drive an external loudspeaker. LINK OUT will drive an external amplifier U4 IN OUT -AUDIO SWITCH CM1481 Top View Fig.4 PCB Layout CM1481 Underside View Component U1 U2 U3 U4 T1 T2 T3 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Value Component R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 Value 10.0k 10.0k 330 47.0k 47.0k 47.0k 2.2M Component R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 C1 C2 Value 47.0k 47.0k 470k 10.0k 10.0k 10.0k 22.0 2.0k LINK 100k Note 1 Note 1 39.0pF 22.0pF Component C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 X1 Value 0.1F 0.1F 68HC705C8 FX803LS 93CO6 LM2931-5 BCX19 BCX19 BSR41 4.7M 100k not used 10.0k 10.0k not used 0.1F not used 22.0pF not used 22.0F 0.1F 0.1F 0.1F 0.1F 0.1F 4.0MHz not used 100k 100k 47.0k 10.0k 470k 470k Table 2 Components List Notes 1. Pads are made available on the CM1481 PCB for resistors R30 and R31 (not installed on this version) for future hardware upgrades. 2. The pads to the audio switch are available for use with system audio. This switch operates in conjunction with the Quiet/Open function. Refer to Radio Interface pin functions. 7 Configuration Module Configuration The operating parameters and functions of the CM1481 are programmed to the module (in its CONFIG mode) via the Configuration Interface Connector from a PC running CML Configuration software. The CM1481 is supplied, initially, configured to the DEFAULT settings as shown in the example menu below. Over Air Re-Configuration will enable the changing of the following: Tx Address Transpond Mode Rx Address ANI Address Transpond Address ANI Mode To make changes to any other parameters a base-conducted configuration operation must be carried out. The following pages and diagrams describe the Configuration operation. Configuration Interface Connector Illustrated below is the termination information for the construction of the Configuration Interface Connector. 13-Way SIL CM1481 Connector J1 - 13 J1 - 12 J1 - 8 J1 - 4 J1 - 3 J1 - 1 to to to to to LPT1 - 18* LPT1 - 13 LPT1 - 2 LPT1 - 1 LPT1 - 19* LPT1 - 20* 25-Way "D" PC Printer Port Configuration Function +ve Supply Input GND Data Out Data In Clock Config GND (0V Supply) Table 3 Configuration Interface Connector - Terminations * Pins LPT1 -18, -19 and -20 are connected to GND inside the PC. 8 Configuration ...... Configuration Instructions The CM1481 is configured using a PC running simple CM1481 menu-driven software via the Configuration Interface Connector between the PC Printer Port (LPT1) and the CM1481 Connector (J1). Using the menu, configuration parameters are defined in the PC and then written to the module. When configured the module will retain these parameters until re-configured by either: (a) Over-Air Re-Configuration, or (b) complete PC repeat configuration. A power supply of the relevant value is introduced via the Configuration Interface Connector for module power during configuration (see Table 3). The previous page details the construction and connections of the Configuration Interface Connector and shows an example screen of the DEFAULT software menu. Preparation and Configuration 1. With no power applied connect the CM1481 (J1) to the PC Printer Port (LPT1) via the configuration Interface Connector. 2. Start the computer. - CM1481 Configuration software will run under MS DOS versions: 3.2, 3.3, 4.01, and 5.0 3. With the CM1481 Configuration program disk inserted in the floppy drive, type : <(Drive): CM1481.EXE> 4. The CM1481 Configuration Main Menu will be displayed. Follow the initial instructions. 5. Provide power to the module via the Configuration Interface Connector. 6. With reference to the function keys at the bottom edge of the screen -- 9 Menu CM1481 - Configuration Menu The table below indicates the functions of the CM1481 and the options that may be achieved via software configuration. Details in BOLD TYPE indicate DEFAULT settings. CM1481 CONFIGURATION PROGRAM Function Transmit Address: Receive Address: Transpond Address: ANI Address: Toneset: Tone Length: NOTONE Timer: Lead-In Delay: Lead-In Tone Length: Lead-In Tone Digit: Number of Called Alerts: PTT Time-Out: Pseudo Iterations: Timed Mute Reset: Extended Data Tone (Tx): Call When Quiet: Radio "Stunned": Operation: Start-Up State: ANI Mode: Transpond Mode: Tones per Address: Lead-In Gap: Over-Air Functions: Extended Group Tone (Tx): Open Mode: LED Call Memory: Beep Mute State: PTT In: ActivePTT Out: ActiveBusy: ActiveMute: ActiveLED: ActiveQuiet/Open: ActiveCall: Active- Default 0123 6789 2101 6543 ZVEI1 70ms 100ms 200ms OFF 0 15 OFF 32 OFF No No No Single Quiet OFF OFF 5 No Disabled No Unmute OFF Unmute LOW LOW LOW HIGH HIGH LOW LOW 4 0 8 2 Options 5 OR (6) VALID ADDRESS TONES CCIR EEA ZVEI1 ZVEI2 ZVEI3 PZVEI 30 to 150ms in 10ms steps 20 to 300ms in 20ms steps OFF, 0 to 2550ms in 10ms steps OFF, 0 to 2550ms in 10ms steps 123456789ABCDEF 0 to 15 in steps of 1 OFF, 10 to 248secs in 1sec steps 1 to 255 in steps of 1 OFF, 1 to 255secs in 1sec steps Yes or No Yes or No Yes or No Single or Dual -Button Quiet or Open OFF, Lead, Trail or Lead & Trail (both) OFF, Address or Beep 5 or 6 Yes or No Disabled or Enabled Yes or No Unmute or Transparent On or OFF Mute HIGH or LOW HIGH or LOW HIGH or LOW LOW or LOW LOW or LOW HIGH or LOW HIGH or LOW Table 4 Configuration Options Further information on CM1481 functions is given in the Functional Descriptions section of this manual. CM1481 Configuration Software, Module firmware and documentation provided are supplied `as is'. Under this condition CML makes no warranty, express or implied, of the saleability of this media or its fitness for a particular purpose. Under no circumstances whatsoever will CML be liable for ANY damage, loss of profits, or any consequential loss arising from the use of this media, even if CML has been advised of the possibility of such loss. CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any of the circuitry described. No circuit patent licences are implied and CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry. 10 Configuration ...... Error and Status Messages Error and/or Status Messages as described below will appear on-screen, in the area above the Function Key menu, during the operation of the Configuration Software. Checking Module Communications: A READ/WRITE/READ/WRITE action to confirm communications between the PC and the Module. Error in Module Communications: Writing Module Setup: Problems encountered when communication attempted with module. Check for correct connections and power supply. WRITING to the Module. Error in Writing to File: Verifying Module Setup: Cannot write due to insufficient disk space, Write Protect, Read Only, etc. ...... Comparing the WRITTEN setup with the screen version. Setup not Verified: A comparison of the screen setup and the module written setup have produced a disparity. Use a The current screen setup has been WRITTEN then READ; versions are the same. Successful WRITE action. READING the configured module setup to the screen. Verify OK: Writing Complete And Verified: Reading Module Setup: Error in Opening File: Error in Reading from File: Reading Complete: Reading Firmware Information: Firmware Information Recovered: File name not recognized or located. . File open but cannot be READ from. READ action successful. READING `version' information to the screen. Firmware information displayed is correct. Incorrect Address Length: Invalid Address Characters: Invalid Module Setup: Too few elements in the setup. Re-enter the correct address. Invalid characters used in setup. Re-enter the correct address. [WRITE current setup to module first]: The parameters entered will not produce a valid Selcall setup. The screen will revert to the previous setup; this must be written to the module before continuing. Error Messages will FLASH on the screen and are cancelled by using the relevant Function Key. Status Messages indicate operational progress and remain steady on the screen during the action that they refer to. 11 Functional Descriptions Receive Call Operation Individual Selcall Receive Sequence Unit's Rx Selcall Address is decoded i If Transpond configured the unit transponds ii Audio Open; "Open" Alert is output iii "Call Received" Alert is output; LED output is pulsed i Alert beeps stop Alert cancelled by 'blip' of PTT, Call or Quiet/Open buttons, or Time-Out Conversation takes place; Conversation complete Radio is muted by: push-button/Timed Mute Reset /Remote Reset GROUP Selcall Receive Sequence A GROUP-call with the unit's Rx Selcall Address is decoded i ii No transpond can take place for a GROUP-Call "GROUP-Call" Alert is output; this alert is self cancelling i Unit "Closed" Alert is output. Radio is Closed. The calling party transmits the message/s The CM1481 can only reply to an originator whose Tx Address is configured, and not to the other GROUP members - Conversation complete. Radio is Closed by: push-button/Timed Mute Reset /Remote Reset i Unit "Closed" Alert is output. Radio is Closed. Fig.5 Rx Call Operation Transmit Call Operation Normall Selcall Transmit Sequence Unmute the radio by push-button operation (see Single/DualButton operation) - or employ 'Muted Call' initiation Method i Unit "Open" Alert is output. ii Radio squelch circuitry released to normal operation Monitor the channel. Transmit the (Tx Address) Selcall by push-button operation Note that if the BUSY input is active, a call cannot be transmitted (PTT Lockout) A B i "Call Transmitted" Alert is output ii Tx ON is active; the Selcall is output at TONE OUT If the system is 'No Transpond', when the called station's reply is received the converstaion may continue. If the system is 'Transpond', await the transpond action then conversation may continue. i PTT Timer started Start Conversation Conversation complete Radio is Closed by: push-button/Timed Mute Reset /Remote Reset i Unit "Closed" Alert is output. Radio is Closed. Fig.6 Tx Call Operation LED Drive A polarity programmable LED drive output is available if a visual indication of a received Selcall is required. It is recommended that, under LED conditions, this output is configured as an "active high" and an external LED is connected directly to GND (0V). With due regard to the specified current limits, this output may be used to activate mobile horn-honk/indicator driver circuits. LED Call Memory If the `Selcall Received Alert' has been activated but not cancelled, the module can be configured so as to leave the LED illuminated as a Call Memory. The use of any push-button function will cancel this LED action. Configured as LED Call Memory: 12 Functional Descriptions ...... Audio Alerts The CM1481 will provide 'alert' output signals to be used in an audio system to indicate and highlight certain operations; these are described below. The alert output signal takes the form of a square-wave at the frequencies and durations described. It is recommended that the Alert output is introduced to the receiver audio amplifier stages after the squelch gate and with due regard to any audio powersave functions. To facilitate either loudspeaker or amplifier operation, a removable LINK is provided on the CM1481 PCB. To drive a loudspeaker, leave the LINK in place. To interface with an external amplifier, remove the LINK (see PCB Layout, Figure 4). Cause of Alert Alert Description Frequencies 1 x 200ms at 250Hz 1 x 200ms at 1kHz Entering `Quiet' condition Short duration low-pitch beep Entering `Open' condition Short duration high-pitch beep Selcall Received A train of rapid mid-pitch beeps (`n' configured as "Called Alerts") cancelled by a PTT, CALL or QUIET/OPEN action `n' x 200ms at 1.25kHz [+ activation of LED output.] See LED Call Memory 3 short duration mid-pitch beeps Short duration mid-pitch beep Short duration high-pitch beep Continuous low-pitch tone Continuous low-pitch tone 3 x 200ms at 750Hz 1 x 100ms at 500Hz 1 x 100ms at 1.5kHz 347Hz 347Hz GROUP Call received Selcal transmitted Tx Time-out warning PTT action disabled CALL action disabled Table 5 Audio Alert Descriptions PTT Lockout An internal operation carried out by the CM1481 that will prevent the Tx On line being placed in an active condition irrespective of the state of the PTT In input. Conditions that cause a PTT Lockout are: * An active `BUSY' input. * The CM1481 in the `Quiet' (muted) condition. * PTT Timeout expired and not reset. Automatic REPEATTone If in any tone sequence (address or data) one tone character is identical to the preceding one, to prevent confusion at the decoder a REPEAT-tone (`E') must be transmitted in its place. At configuration the CM1481 addresses are entered using the code characters `0' thro `A' and identical characters entered as required. The PC software then processes the address inserting REPEAT-tones as necessary before writing the information to the module. The REPEAT-tone must not be used as the first character of a sequence; Address/Data tones received by the CM1481 must conform to the REPEAT-tone rule for complete decode accuracy. Example: Required Sequence 12335 Transmitted Sequence 123E5 Timed Mute Reset When configured this function will automatically close (re-mute) the CM1481, if in the Open mode, after the configured time-period of inactivity. Configured as Timed Mute Reset: 13 Functional Descriptions ...... Single or Dual Button Operation The CM1481 can be configured to one of two modes of user control. Dual Button mode. The `Quiet/Open' switch toggles the `Quiet/Open' (mute) function; the `Tx Call' switch initiates a Selcall `Tx Call'. If it is required to operate in a unit with no local means of `Quiet/Open' operation, this dual-button mode should be configured but the `Quiet/Open' input not connected internally. Single Button mode. A single switch (push-button) connected to either `Quiet/Open' or `Tx Call' inputs controls both Mute and Selcall operations. A "press" of less than 1-second will toggle the `Quiet/Open' condition; a "press" of more than 1-second will initiate a Selcall. Both inputs can be configured to active "High" or "Low" polarities; with reference to the CM1481, both inputs are connected, on-board, to the positive supply rail (VDD) via 47k pullup resistors. For an active "Low" input, the switches should be connected directly to 0V (GND). For an active "High" requirement, the on-board pullup resistors must be considered. Configured as Operation: +ve supply rail Quiet/Open Tx Call pullup resistors Fig.7 Operating Button Connections Automatic Number Identification (ANI) Each unit is assigned a unique ANI code which enables identification of a transmission. In the CM1481 this code is programmable, both by initial configuration and by over-air re-configuration, as the ANI address. When enabled the ANI code is transmitted at the beginning (leading) and/or the end (trailing) of a transmission. In the CM1481 the ANI operation is selectable by configuration to either OFF, Lead, Trail, or Lead and Trail. If the PTT Time-Out function is activated, a trailing ANI (if configured) is transmitted before shut-down. Configured as ANI Mode: and ANI Address: Mic key reset; signifying end of conversation PTT In (active "low") Tx remains keyed for ANI period Tx ON (active "low") Tone Out Leading ANI Trailing ANI Fig.8 ANI Functional Diagram 14 Functional Descriptions ...... Input/Output Polarities The following input and output activation polarities may be set at configuration. Function PTT In Tx On Busy Mute Ctrl LED Quiet/Open Tx Call Notes Input Output Input Output Output Input Input Pullup to VDD Pullup to VDD Pullup to VDD On-Board State Pullup to VDD Connected To - the microphone end of the radio PTT line - the PTT line to the Tx circuitry - Rx carrier detect circuitry - to operate the radio squelch gate - to drive an LED to provide a visual alert - to control the radio mute state - Selcall initiation Table 6 Input/Output Programmable Polarities Tx Timeout and Warning To prevent nuisance and to regulate transmissions to a reasonable period, the PTT Timeout function will disable all PTT Tx functions after a pre-determined (configured) time period. When the PTT is activated the PTT Timer will run for the configured interval giving an Audible Warning 6-seconds before the timeout. If the PTT is still active 6-seconds after the warning the transmission will be aborted at that time and all PTT functions completely disabled for a short period (6-seconds) to enable other users the opportunity to enter the channel. Although not recommended, if the the PTT is released and re-keyed frequently before the PTT Timeout Warning, the PTT Timer will be reset and the Tx Timeout will not be activated Under Tx Timeout conditions, the PTT must be released and will not be re-enabled for a predetermined period. The PTT Timeout period can be configured to OFF. Configured as PTT Time-Out: NOTONE Timer A configurable function incorporated to indicate the end of a tone or tone sequence to the on-board Controller. For optimum CM1481 performance it is recommended that this function be set to approximately 1.5 times the selected Tone Length. Configured as NOTONE Timer: Recommended NOTONES Toneset EEA CCIR ZVEI Tone Length 40ms 100ms 70ms NOTONE Period 60ms 160ms 100ms Transponding In reply to a Selcall the CM1481 can be configured to respond by transmitting either its Transpond Address (Tp) or a BEEP (tone F). This function can be re-configured over-air. Configured as Transpond Mode: and Transpond Address: 15 Functional Descriptions Lead-In Delay A configurable delay period between the operation of the PTT and the Selcall Tone output from the module. This function is available to allow sufficient time for the transmitter to stabilize before modulation. Configured as Lead-In Delay: Lead-In Delay PTT Out (active "low") Lead-In Delay Tone Out Selcall Tones Lead-In Tone with No Gap Tone Out Lead-In Tone Selcall Tones Lead-In Tone with Gap -- the gap is 1 tone-length Tone Out Lead-In Tone Selcall Tones Fig.9 Lead-In Tone and Delay Lead-In Tone To operate on and gain access to, repeater systems the Selcall address output of the module can be preceded by an extended tone. At configuration the tone operation, frequency and length can be set; if required a single Selcall tone-period gap between the lead-In tone and the Selcall address may be set. Configured as Lead-In Tone Length:, Lead-In Tone Digit: and Lead-In Gap: Quiet/Open Modes The CM1481 has two audio operational modes - `Quiet and Open' Open'. Quiet/Open operations are initiated by: (i) Pressing the Quiet/Open button (Dual Button operation) or a short press of the Operate button (Single Button operation). Quiet operations are initiated by: (i) A Timed Mute Reset operation. (ii) A Remote Reset command received. Quiet The radio Rx audio is muted. PTT (Tx) action is disabled. Selcalling can either be disabled or enabled via initial configuration. There are no operational alerts except for PTT and Call Action Disabled or Selcall Transmitted (if configured). Open Open modes can be configured to either Unmuted or Transparent states. If called in an "Open" mode received Selcall tones will be output at the loudspeaker. Configured as Open Mode: Unmuted: The radio is unmuted (MUTE CTRL inactive) and the loudspeaker (hash) is enabled. All functions are enabled and operate as configured. Transparent: The radio audio circuits act as if squelched; Audio output is dependant upon the presence of an RF carrier (BUSY input). MUTE CTRL is only inactive if the BUSY input is active. 16 Functional Descriptions `Muted' Call Initiation It is possible for the CM1481 to be embodied within a radio that has no local means of Quiet/Open control; the CM1481 will be configured to Dual button operation but the Quiet/ Open input not used. Such a system will require the base station to operate its mute system and open the squelch or re-mute with a Remote Reset command. In a radio that has no local means of opening its mute function, the operator must initiate a Selcall to the base; PTT Lockout will prevent any illegal voice transmission. The base must be so configured as to contact the CM1481 fitted radio and lift the mute function (and therefore allow normal operation) by replying with the unit's Receive Address. Reception of its receive address Selcall will cause an alert beep sequence at the CM1481; operation of the PTT will halt the alert and unmute the radio; normal operation may take place. Upon completion of the conversation the unit's operation will be reset (muted) by the base with a Remote Reset command. Configured as Call When Quiet: Power-Up 'Quiet'/'Open' The CM1481 can be configured to assume one of two mutes conditions upon power-up. Quiet -- The audio output is muted; a Quiet/Open operation is required to monitor channel activity. Open -- The audio output is active; the channel can be monitored to ascertain activity and correct operation. Configured as Start-Up State: Over-Air Functions (a) Remote Reset (b) `Re-Configuration' (c) `Stun' (d) `Release' The above operations may be carried out from a suitably configured remote station (the controlling base) to: (a) Mute a Radio: Using a "C" or "D" tone appended to the units Rx Selcall address. See Figure 13. (b) `Re-Configure' the following parameters: Tx Address ANI Address Transpond Address Rx Address ANI Mode Transpond Mode (c) `Stun' a Radio: To completely disable a CM1481 fitted radio unit. Rx audio is permanently muted; PTT line is disabled; Selcall transmission is inhibited. (d) `Release' a Radio: To release the CM1481 fitted radio from the `Stun' mode and allow normal operation. Over-Air function operation is enabled and disabled at Configuration as Over-Air Function: 17 Functional Descriptions ...... Security Checks To prevent unauthorised or `accidental' over-air operations, items (b), (c) and (d), described on the previous page are carried out using a secure authentication protocol based upon the synchronization of two pseudo-random number generators, one in the base, one in the CM1481 unit. Figure 10 shows an operational security transaction. BASE transmits Over-Air Request 1 BASE transmits SEED for Security Check Generates KEY KEY comparison Correct comparison = Action Complete Transmits Comfirmation 2 BASE uses SEED to generate KEY Transmits KEY Security Check is allowed 15secs 3 4 BASE CM1481 Fig.10 An Over-Air Security Transaction Over-Air Functions On reception of an over-air request [1] the CM1481 will produce, and transmit, a random SEED (random number) [2] which will set the start-count position for both pseudo-random generators; under the control of the configured "Iterations" parameter both generators will produce the KEY. Correct KEY comparison will allow the over-air operation to be completed and confirmed [3]. Each over-air operation requires its Security Check to be completed within a preset time period of 15 seconds. Failure to complete the transaction in the pre-determined time or an incorrect KEY comparison will result in the cancellation and failure of the relevant operation. Due to the covert manner of this operation the CM1481 will not produce an "OPEN" or "Selcall Received" alert during these transactions. Neither ANI or Transpond functions are available during Over-Air operations. 18 Functional Descriptions ...... Example Over-Air Transactions Figure 11 (below) shows, in diagrammatic form, the sequence of tones for an Over-Air Re-Configuration of the Tx Address between the controlling base station and the CM1481. Figure 13 shows the complete range of tone sequences to be used with the CM1481. For Over-Air transactions follow the steps illustrated in Figure 11 substituting the required action in STEP 1 with the required request and confirmation from Figure 13. Note the use of the Data Prefix tone "B" in the data field; all operations must conform to the HSC Operational Rules which are described on the following pages. STEP 1 Over-Air Re-Configuration Request (Tx Address) Rx Address Tones DA Pre TA fix PA FU RA N TOCTIO TO MET NE N NE ER - from base New Tx Address Tones + Data Prefix B B Tone 1 Tone 2 Tone 3 Tone 4 Tone 5 4 0 Tone 1 Tone 2 STEP 2 Security Check (SEED) Old Tx Address Tones - from CM1481 SEED Tones s1, s2, s3 s1 s3 s2 Data Tone 3 Tone 4 Tone 5 Prefix B STEP 3 Security Reply (KEY) Rx Address Tones B STEP 4 Configuration Confirm New Tx Address Tones B 2 - from base KEY Tones k1, k2, k3 k1 k3 k2 3 - from CM1481 8 Fig.11 Example Over-Air Re-Configuration Tone Transaction PseudoRandom Number Information The figure below shows the pseudo-random number generation in diagrammatic form. The base unit controller's software and circuitry will require to emulate this function. The SEED is a random 8-bit number produced by the CM1481. The SEED is loaded into the register and shifted right by the amount of steps configured as: Pseudo Iterations. Note the Exclusive-OR functions. The result is the KEY. s1/k1 s2/k2 Parallel "SEED" s3/k3 / Parallel "KEY" 3 2 1 0 LSB 7 MSB 6 5 4 Ex-OR Feedback Register Shifted Right 1 Step per Configured Iteration-Step Fig.12 An 8-Stage Pseudo-Random Counter Employing Exclusive-OR Feedback 19 Functional Descriptions ...... Over-Air Tone Information Over-Air Re-Configuration Request (Rx Address) Rx Address Tones Tone 1 Tone 2 Tone 3 Tone 4 Tone 5 - from base New Rx Address Tones + Data Prefix B Tone 1 Tone 2 Data Tone 3 Tone 4 Tone 5 Prefix PA FU RA N DA T ME TOCTIO Pre TA NE N ONE TER fix B 4 1 Over-Air Re-Configuration Request (Transpond [Tp] Address) Rx Address Tones B 4 2 - from base New Tp Address Tones + Data Prefix B Over-Air Re-Configuration Request (ANI Address) Rx Address Tones B 4 - from base New ANI Address Tones + Data Prefix 3 B Over-Air Re-Configuration Request (Transpond [Tp] Mode) Rx Address Tones B Over-Air Re-Configuration Request (ANI Mode) Rx Address Tones B Over-Air STUN Request from base 4 5 4 4 - from base m= = = = 0 1 2 3 = = = = OFF Tp Address Reserved BEEP m - from base m= = = = 0 1 2 3 = = = = OFF Leading Trailing Leading & Trailing m FUNCTION Tones Rx Address Tones B Over-Air STUN Confirm from CM1481 1 0 1 2 3 4 B 6 5 6 7 8 B 5 Reserved STUN Request Security Check Security Reply CONFIGURE Request RELEASE Request STUN Confirm RELEASE Confirm CONFIGURE Confirm Reserved Tx Address Tones Over-Air RELEASE Request Rx Address Tones - from base 9, A, B, C, D, F, PARAMETER Tones Over-Air RELEASE Confirm Tx Address Tones - from CM1481 0 1 2 Tx Address Rx Address Transpond (Tp) Address ANI Address Transpond (Tp) Mode ANI Mode Reserved Reserved B Remote Reset from base C or D 7 3 4 5 Rx Address Tones 6, 7, 8, 9 A, B, C, D, F Fig.13 Tone Sequence Information 20 Functional Descriptions ...... HSC Hexadecimal Sequential Code An in-band audio signalling system used for the communication of Address and Data information using sequential tone signalling. Sequential tone signalling has been adopted to national and international standard tonesets. The CM1481 will operate to any one of the following tonesets in both frequency and tonelength. The required toneset is selected at initial configuration from the selection shown below. Tone No (Hex) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F EEA 1981 1124 1197 1275 1358 1446 1540 1640 1747 1860 1055 930 2247 991 2110 2400 CCIR 1981 1124 1197 1275 1358 1446 1540 1640 1747 1860 2400 930 2247 991 2110 1055 ZVEI 1 2400 1060 1160 1270 1400 1530 1670 1830 2000 2200 2800 810 970 885 2600 680 PZVEI 2400 1060 1160 1270 1400 1530 1670 1830 2000 2200 970 810 2800 885 2600 680 ZVEI 2 2400 1060 1160 1270 1400 1530 1670 1830 2000 2200 885 810 740 680 970 2600 ZVEI 3 \DZVEI 2200 970 1060 1160 1270 1400 1530 1670 1830 2000 825 740 2600 885 2400 680 Table 7 Tone Frequencies (in Hz) Operational Rules To ensure all-system compatibility, the CM1481 has been designed to operate to the following rules. Base and other units working with the CM1481 must conform to these rules. 1 All calls, commands and interrogations to, and calls from, the CM1481 are prefixed with a 5 (or 6)-tone HSC format Selcall Address. 2 Full international group-calling is possible to more than one user group via GROUP and REPEAT tones. 3 A DATA FUNCTION tone "B" is appended after the Selcall address. No more than 4 adjacent DATA tones are allowed; if more than 4 are required, a DATA FUNCTION tone should be inserted after every fourth DATA tone. 4 The DATA FUNCTION tone may be lengthened to twice the chosen toneset length under the control of the Extended Data Tone command at initial configuration. 5 If in any tone sequence (address or data) one tone character is identical to the preceding one, to prevent confusion at the decoder a REPEAT-tone [`E'] must be transmitted in its place. 21 Functional Descriptions ...... Tone Allocations Character 0 thro' 9 A B C D E F Function Decimal digits in the address or data fields. GROUP character in the address field or "AHEX" in the data field. Data prefix tone or "BHEX" in the data field. REMOTE RESET character address code suffix or "CHEX" in the data field REMOTE RESET character address code suffix or "DHEX" in the data field REPEAT character "FHEX" in the data field Table 8 Tone Allocations International GROUP CALL The international standard for calling a specific group of units by inserting the GROUPTone (`A') into a Selcall. The GROUP-Tone (`A') represents all tone digits from 0 to 9. Any character in the Selcall address can be replaced by a GROUP-Tone (`A'); a second consecutive GROUP-Tone should be replaced by a REPEAT-Tone. The flexibility of placing GROUP-Tones within a Selcall Address allows more user-groups to be set-up. Example: Address Sequence 1 1 1 1 234A 2A45 A34A 2AEA Addressed Units 12340 12045 10340 12000 to to to to 12349 12945 19349 12999 NonInternational GROUP CALL To provide compatibility with Selcall systems where the only characters permitted to follow a GROUP-Tone (`A') in a sequence are other GROUP- or REPEAT-Tones. Under this protocol, the first GROUP-Tone is extended to 3 times the normal system length. To transmit to such a system as opposed to an International system, the Extended GROUP-Tone (Tx) option must be selected at initial configuration. This method restricts the number of Groups available. Example: Address Sequence 1234A 123AE 12AEA 1AEAE AEAEA Addressed Units 12340 12300 12000 10000 00000 to to to to to 12349 12399 12999 19999 99999 The CM1481 is able to transmit and respond to both International and Non-International GROUP-Calls. The Transpond facility (Tp) is not available for GROUP-Calls. The GROUP-Call character can be configured into any address set-up. 22 Specification Absolute Maximum Ratings Exceeding the maximum rating can result in module damage. Operation of the module outside the operating limits is not implied. Supply voltage 6.0V to 26.0V Operating temperature range: CM1481 CM1481 Storage temperature range: 0C to +70C -20C to +85C Operating Limits All module characteristics are measured under the following conditions unless otherwise specified: VIN = 6.0V to 12.0V, TOP = 0C to +70C. Characteristics Supply Voltage (VIN) Operating Current (Tx/Rx) Standby Current LED Drive Current Current Limits (PTT and Mute O/Ps) Input Sensitivity Tone Out Level Tone Out Accuracy Alert-Tone Output Level Tone Decode Bandwidths CCIR EEA ZVEI Signal -to-Noise Performance Logic "1" In Logic "0" In LED Logic "1" Out LED Logic "0" Out Audio Switch Signal Alert Output Impedance Signal Input Impedance Signal Output Impedance Configuration Clock Rate On-Board Xtal Frequency Notes 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. See Note Min. 6.0 31.0 3.5 0 4.2 - Typ. 9.5 2.5 308 250 2.30 2.30 3.80 100 Max. 26.0 15.0 50.0 0.1 13.8 1.0 0.4 5.0 1.0 - Unit V mA mA mA mA mVrms mVrms % mV p - p % fc (Hz) % fc (Hz) % fc (Hz) % V V V V Vp-p k M k kHz MHz 7 1 2 3 6 6 4 5 140 100 20.0 10.0 4.0 Under pure-tone conditions. The `Alert' square-wave driving an 8 load with on-board LINK in position (see Figure 4). At -4.0dBs S/N (using a 100ms CCIR signal at 248 mVrms). With on-board LINK in position. With on-board LINK removed. PTT, CALL, QUIET/OPEN, BUSY, CONFIG. Inputs. The standy condition is when the CM1481 is in the Quiet mode. 23 Ordering Information Ordering Information CM1481 CK1481 Non-Predictive Selcall Module [Module + Radio Interface] Configuration Kit [Configuration Interface Connector + Software {51/4 & 31/2" disks} ] CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described. No circuit patent licences are implied and CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry. MICROCIRCUITS CONSUMER MICROCIRCUITS LIMITED 1 WHEATON ROAD WITHAM - ESSEX CM8 3TD - ENGLAND (c) 1992 Consumer Microcircuits Limited Telephone: (0376) 513833 Telex: 99382 CMICRO G Telefax: (0376) 518247 |
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