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Technical S pecification
NQ04T33VKA10
3.0-5.5V Input 0.9-3.3V Outputs 10 Amp Current Non Isolated
SIP
Single In-Line Package
The NiQor TM S I P D C / D C c o n v e r t e r i s a n o n - i s o l a t e d buck regulator, which employs synchronous rectification to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency. The NiQor family of converters are used predominately in DPA systems using a front end DC/DC high power brick (48Vin to low voltage bus). The non-isolated NiQor converters are then used at the point of load to create the low voltage outputs required by the design. The wide trim module can be programmed over a wide range of output voltages through the use of a single external resistor. RoHS 5/6 compliant (see page 17 ).
Operational Features
* Ultra high efficiency, up to 95% at full rated load * Delivers up to 10 Amps of output current with minimal derating - no heatsink required * Input Voltage Range : 3.0 - 5.5V * Programmable output voltages from 0.85 - 3.6V * On-board input and output filter capacitor * No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required
Non-Isolated
NQ04T33VKA10 wide trim module
Pr otection Features
* Input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input voltage conditions * Temperature compensated over-current shutdown protects converter from excessive load current or short circuits * Output over-voltage protection protects load from damaging voltages (>4.4V) * Thermal shutdown protects converter from abnormal environmental conditions
Mechanical Features
* Industry standard SIP pin-out configuration * Industry standard size: 2.0" x 0.55" x 0.29" (50.8 x 14 x 7.3mm) * Total weight: 0.30 oz. (9.4 g) * Open frame construction maximizes air flow cooling * Available in both vertical and horizontal mounting
Safety Features
* UL/cUL 60950 recognized (US & Canada) * TUV certified to EN60950 * Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives which facilitates CE Marking in user's end product * Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flammability requirements
Contr ol Features
* On/Off control * Output voltage trim (industry standard) permits custom voltages and voltage margining * Remote Sense (standard option)
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 1
Technical Specification
MECHANICAL DIAGRAM
Front View
2.00
(50.8)
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
Vertical Mount
Side View
0.288
(7.32)
0.185
(4.7)
0.315 Max
(8.0 Max)
0.197 Max
(5.0 Max)
0.550
(13.97)
0.050 Ref. 1 2 3 4 5 A 6 7 8 10 11 0.160
(4.06) (1.27)
0.050
(1.27)
0.040 PCB Ref.
(1.02)
0.120
(3.05)
0.025 + 0.003
(0.64 + 0.076)
0.000
(0.00)
0.100
(2.54)
0.200
(5.08)
0.300
(7.62)
0.400
(10.16)
1.300
(33.02)
1.400 1.500 1.600
(35.56) (38.10) (40.64)
1.800
(45.72)
1.900
(48.26)
SQ. Typ.
NOTES
1) All pins are 0.025" (0.64mm) +/- 0.003 (0.076mm) square. 2) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy Finish - Tin over Nickel plate 3) Vertical, horizontal, vertical with reverse pins and surface mount options (future) available. 4) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 6) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 7) Weight: 0.30 oz. (9.4 g) typical 8) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II
PIN DESIGNATIONS
Pin No. Name Function
1 2
Vout(+) Vout(+)
Positive output voltage Positive output voltage
Pin Connection Notes:
1. Pin 10 - for fixed resistors, connect between Trim and Common (Ground). 2. Pin 11 - see section on Remote ON/OFF pin for description of enable logic options.
3 4 5 A 6 7 8 10 11
SENSE(+) Vout(+) Common N/C Common Vin(+) Vin(+) TRIM1 ON/OFF2
Positive remote sense Positive output voltage No Connection
Positive input voltage Positive input voltage Output voltage trim (trim-up only) LOGIC input to turn the converter on and off.
Pins in Italics Shaded text are Optional
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 2
Technical Specification
MECHANICAL DIAGRAM
Front View
2.00
(50.8)
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
Horizontal Mount
Side View
0.288
(7.32)
0.185
(4.7)
0.315 Max
(8.0 Max)
0.197 Max
(5.0 Max)
0.550
(13.97)
0.025 + 0.003
(0.64 + 0.076)
0.050 Ref.
(1.27)
1
2
3
4
5
A
6
7
8
10 11
SQ. Typ.
0.050
(1.27)
0.128 Min
(3.25 Min)
0.040 PCB Ref.
(1.02)
0.330
(8.38)
0.000
(0.00)
0.100
(2.54)
0.200
(5.08)
0.300
(7.62)
0.400
(10.16)
1.300
(33.02)
1.400 1.500 1.600
(35.56) (38.10) (40.64)
1.800
(45.72)
1.900
(48.26)
See note on Thermal Considerations in Applications section.
Vertical Mount Reversed Pins
Front View
2.00
(50.8)
Side View
0.288
(7.32)
0.185
(4.7)
0.315 Max
(8.0 Max)
0.197 Max
(5.0 Max)
0.550
(13.97)
1
2
3
4
5
A
6
7
8
10 11
0.050 Ref. 0.160
(4.06) (1.27)
0.050
(1.27)
0.040 PCB Ref.
(1.02)
0.120
(3.05)
0.025 + 0.003
(0.64 + 0.076)
0.000
(0.00)
0.100
(2.54)
0.200
(5.08)
0.300
(7.62)
0.400
(10.16)
1.300
(33.02)
1.400 1.500 1.600
(35.56) (38.10) (40.64)
1.800
(45.72)
1.900
(48.26)
0.058 +.008
(1.47 +.20)
SQ. Typ.
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 3
Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
Vin=3.3Vdc and 5.0Vdc except 3.3Vout units where Vin=5.0V; TA=25C, airflow rate=300 LFM unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40C to +105C ambient temp with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - NQ04T33VKA10 Series
Parameter
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Operating Transient Protection Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Voltage at ON/OFF input pin (N, O options) Voltage at ON/OFF input pin (P option) INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range1 " Input Under-Voltage Lockout1 Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Maximum Input Current (3.0Vin\4.5Vin) " " " " " " No-Load Input Current (3.3Vin) No-Load Input Current (5.0Vin) " Disabled Input Current " Inrush Current Transient Rating Response to Input Transient (3.3Vin) " Response to Input Transient (5.0 Vin) " Input Reflected-Ripple Current (3.3Vin) " Input Reflected-Ripple Current (5.0Vin) " " Input Terminal Ripple Current (3.3Vin) " Input Terminal Ripple Current (5.0Vin) " " " Recommended Input Fuse Input Filter Capacitor Value Input Ripple Voltage (3.3Vin) " Input Ripple Voltage (5.0Vin) " " Recommended External Input Capacitance2
Setpoint
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Notes & Conditions
All All All All All All All 0.9-2.5V 3.3V 0.9-2.5V 3.3V 0.9-2.5V 3.3V 0.9V 1.0V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 0.9-2.5V 0.9-2.5V 3.3V 0.9-2.5V 3.3V All 0.9V 2.5V 0.9V 3.3V 0.9-1.8V 2.5V 0.9,1.0V 1.2,3.3V 1.5-2.5V 0.9-1.8V 2.5V 0.9,1.0V 1.2,1.5V 1.8,2.5V 3.3V All All 0.9,2.5V 1.0-1.8V 0.9-1.2V 1.5,1.8V 2.5,3.3V All
3.0 -40 -55 -3 -0.5 3.0 4.5 1.9 4.1 1.9 3.5 3.3-5.0 5.0 2.4 4.3 2.3 3.7
6.0 5.5 7.0 105 125 6.5 Vin + 0.3 5.5 5.5 2.85 4.5 2.85 4.0 3.9\2.6 4.3\2.9 5.0\3.4 5.9\4.0 7.0\4.7 9.3\6.3 8.1 105 130 105 25 20 0.1
V V V C C V V V V V V V V A A A A A A A mA mA mA mA mA A 2s mV/V mV/V mV/V mV/V mA mA mA mA mA A A A A A A A F mV mV mV mV mV F
Continuous Continuous 100ms transient
Negative/Open logic Positive/Open logic See notes on Page 6 "
100% Load, full temp range, for all voltages " " " " " 3.3Vout at 4.5Vin only
80 100 80 15 10 130 250 75 200 134 84 109 125 147 2.0 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.0
50mV/s input transient (all) "
20 40 84 94 75 88 94 200
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Peak to peak through 1H inductor " Peak to peak through 1H inductor " " RMS; 200F/50m input cap. " RMS 200F/50m input cap. " " " Fast blow external fuse recommended Internal ceramic
RMS, full load, 200F/50m input cap.
"
RMS, full load, 200F/50m input cap.
" " Net 50m ESR
09/06/05 Page 4
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ04T33VKA10 Series
Parameter
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point6 (50% load) " " " " " " Output Voltage Regulation Over Line Over Load " Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range " " " " " " Output Voltage Ripple & Noise (3.3Vin) Output Voltage Ripple & Noise (5.0Vin) Operating Output Current Range Output DC Over-Current Shutdown3 Maximum Output Capacitance2,4 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection (3.3Vin) " Input Voltage Ripple Rejection (5.0Vin) " Output Voltage during Load Current Transient For a Step Change Iout=0.1A/s (3.3Vin\5Vin) For a Step Change Iout=3A/s (3.3Vin\5Vin) Settling Time (3.3Vin\5Vin) Turn-On Transient Turn-On Time Start-Up Delay Time " Start-Up Rise Time " Output Voltage Overshoot EFFICIENCY 100% Load (3.3Vin\5Vin) " " " " " "
Setpoint
0.9V 1.0V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V All 0.9V 3.3V All 0.9V 1.0V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V All All All All All 0.9V 2.5V 0.9V 3.3V All All All All 0.9V 3.3V 0.9V 3.3V All 0.9V 1.0V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V
Min.
0.884 0.984 1.181 1.477 1.773 2.461 3.242 -0.2
Typ.
0.900 1.000 1.200 1.500 1.800 2.500 3.300 +0.1 +0.5 +0.2
Max.
0.917 1.019 1.221 1.526 1.831 2.543 3.358 0.2
Units
V V V V V V V % % % % V V V V V V V mV A A F dB dB dB dB mV mV s
Notes & Conditions
See trim equation " " " " " Vin range 4.5V - 5.5V
With sense pin " With sense pin, over sample, line, load, temp & life (all) " " " " " " Peak to peak\RMS; full load, 20MHz bandwidth Figures 26 - 28
-2.3 0.859 0.957 1.150 1.438 1.727 2.397 3.152 15\6 25\9 0 11 18
1.2 0.940 1.044 1.250 1.563 1.875 2.605 3.444 35\12 60\20 10 25 4,000
Derate startup load current per Figure 25 120 Hz " 120 Hz " 10F, Figures 15 & 17 470F, Figures 16 & 18 To within 1.5% Vout nom., Figures 15 - 18 Load current & capacitance per Figure 25 Enable to Vout=100% nom., Figures 19 - 22 Enable to 10%, Figure 23 " 10% to 90%, Figure 24 " Resistive load, up to 4,000 F Figures 1 - 4 " " " " " "
51 37 56 39 90\70 70\60 140\40 5.5 2.9 1.5 1.7 2.6 6.8 4.0 2.5 2.5 3.9 8.5 5.9 4.3 3.9 5.7 0
ms ms ms ms ms % % % % % % % %
86\85 87\86 88\87.5 91\89 92.5\91 94.5\93 94.5
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 5
Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ04T33VKA10 Series
Parameter
EFFICIENCY (cont.) 50% Load (3.3Vin\5Vin) " " " " " " TEMP. LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING Semiconductor Junction Temperature5 Board Temperature5 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency Negative Logic (O logic) ON/OFF Control Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage Input Resistance Positive Logic (P) ON/OFF Control Logic Low Voltage Range Logic High Voltage Range (internal pullup) Logic Low sink current Logic High sink current (leakage) Output Voltage Trim Range1,6,8 Output Voltage Remote Sense Range1,7,8 Output Over-Voltage Protection8 Over-Temperature Shutdown Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) Field Demonstrated MTBF
ModuleP
0.9V 1.0V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All
Min.
Typ.
87.5\85 88\86 90.5\87.5 92\89 93\91 95\93 95
Max.
Units
% % % % % % %
Notes & Conditions
Figures 1 - 4 " " " " " " Package rated to 150C; Figures 5 - 14 UL rated max operating temp 130C May decrease by up to 30 kHz at -40C Figure A
125 125 265 1.5 -3 20 -0.2 2.2 300 0.85 3.75 4.05 120 5 10.1 6.6 1 Vin 550 10 3.6 +10 4.35 300 330 6.5 0.6
C C kHz V V k
Open collector/drain input; Figure A V V A A V % V C C
Vin/10K
Measured Vout+ to common pins; Table 1 Measured Vout+ to common pins Over full temp range Average PCB Temperature
106 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 15A load, 200LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 15A load, 200LFM, 40oC Ta 106 Hrs. See our website for details
Note 1: Maintain a minimum of 0.4V headroom between input and output voltage to meet performance specifications. Note 2: Tantalum or similar with additional ceramic as needed to reduce ripple current in external input capacitors. See Figure 26. When using more than 1000F of output capacitance, input filter inductor should be reduced to <0.3H or input capacitance should be increased to match output capacitance. Consult factory for more demanding applications. Also refer to Application Considerations section of this datasheet. Note 3: The over-current shutdown threshold for a short over-current pulse can be as high as 50A when trimming up a wide trim unit above 1.2V. Note 4: When trimming a 0.9V unit to less than 0.88V with more than 1000F of output capacitance, consult factory for trim circuit recommendations. This also applies to trimming a 1.0V unit below 0.95V. Note 5: Power derating curves are measured using an evaluation board consisting of 6 layers of 2 ounce copper. Note 6: Wide trim option unit has a setpoint of 0.753V and a trim range of 0.85V-3.6V. Note 7: In remote sense applications, when trimming down, the trim-down resistor should be connected to the sense pin for more accurate trimming results. Note 8: User should allow sufficient transient response headroom between the module's local output and the minimum OVP threshold.
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 6
Technical Specification
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
Parameter P
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
Notes
File # E194341 Certified by TUV test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance) Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding
UL/cUL 60950 EN60950 72/23/EEC 93/68/EEC Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) IEC 61000-4-2 GR-1089-CORE Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513
* An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website.
QUALIFICATION TESTING
Parameter P
QUALIFICATION TESTING
# Units
42 5 5 10 5 5 5 15 pins
Test Conditions
10-55Hz sweep, 0.060" total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis
Life Test Vibration Mechanical Shock Temperature Cycling Power/Thermal Cycling Design Marginality Humidity Solderability
95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours
100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis -40C to 100C, unit temp. ramp 15C/min., 500 cycles Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Tmin-10C to Tmax+10C, 5C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load 85C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, continuous Vin applied except 5min./day MIL-STD-883, method 2003
* Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply
robust, reliable product. Contact factory for official product family qualification document.
OPTIONS
SynQor provides various options for Packaging, Enable Logic, Pin Length and Feature Set for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the last page of this specification sheet for information on available options.
PATENTS
SynQor is protected under various patents, including but not limited to U.S. Patent numbers: 5,999,417; 6,222,742 B1; 6,594,159 B2; 6,545,890 B2.
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 7
Technical Specification
100 100
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
95
95
90
90
Efficiency (%)
85
Efficiency (%)
85
80
80
75
70
2.5 Vo 1.8 Vo 1.5 Vo 1.2 Vo 1.0 Vo 0.9 Vo
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
75
70
3.3 Vo 2.5 Vo 1.8 Vo 1.5 Vo 1.2 Vo 1.0 Vo 0.9 Vo
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
65
65
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
Figure 1: Efficiency at 3.3Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for all modules at 25C.
Figure 2: Efficiency at 5.0Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for all modules at 25C.
3.00 2.75 2.50
3.00
Power Dissipation (W)
2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Power Dissipation (W)
2.5 Vo 1.8 Vo 1.5 Vo 1.2 Vo 1.0 Vo 0.9 Vo
2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00
3.3 Vo 2.5 Vo 1.8 Vo 1.5 Vo 1.2 Vo 1.0 Vo 0.9 Vo
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Load Current (A)
Load Current (A)
Figure 3: Power dissipation at 3.3Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for all modules at 25C.
Figure 4: Power dissipation at 5.0Vin and nominal output voltage vs. load current for all modules at 25C.
10
10
8
8
Iout (A)
4
Iout (A)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
6
6
4
400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 2 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 0
2
300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0 0 25 40 55 70 85
0
25
40
55
70
85
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Figure 5: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temp for 0.9Vo to 1.8Vo units at 3.3Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vert mount).
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Figure 6: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temp for 0.9Vo to 1.8Vo units at 5.0Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vert mount).
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 8
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Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Figure 7: Thermal plot of 0.9Vo to 1.8Vo converters at 3.3Vin with 10 amp load current and 55C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vertical mount).
10
Figure 8: Thermal plot of 0.9Vo to 1.8Vo converters at 5.0Vin with 10 amp load current and 55C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vertical mount).
10
8
8
Iout (A)
4
Iout (A)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
6
6
4
400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 2 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 0
2
300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
0 0 25 40 55 70 85
0
25
40
55
70
85
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Figure 9: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for 2.5Vout unit at 3.3Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vert mount).
Figure 10: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for 2.5Vout unit at 5.0Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vert mount).
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Figure 11: Thermal plot of 2.5Vout converter at 3.3Vin with 10 amp load current and 55C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vertical mount).
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 12: Thermal plot of 2.5Vout converter at 5.0Vin with 10 amp load current and 55C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vertical mount).
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 9
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Technical Specification
10
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
8
Iout (A)
6
4
400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 2 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s) 0 0 25 40 55 70 85
Semiconductor junction temperature is within 1C of surface temperature
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Figure 13: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for 3.3Vout unit at 5.0Vin. Airflow rates of 100 - 400 LFM with air flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vert mount).
Figure 14: Thermal plot of 3.3Vout converter at 5.0Vin with 15 amp load current and 55C air flowing at the rate of 200 LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 11 to pin 1 (vertical mount).
2.5Vout
2.5Vout
0.9Vout
0.9Vout
Figure 15: Output voltage response at 3.3Vin to step-change in load current (40% of Iout max; di/dt=0.1A/s). Load cap: 15F, 100m ESR tantalum and 10F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div).
Figure 16: Output voltage response at 3.3Vin to step-change in load current (40% of Iout max; di/dt=3A/s). Load cap: 470F, 25m ESR tantalum and 10F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div).
3.3Vout
3.3Vout
0.9Vout
0.9Vout
Figure 17: Output voltage response at 5.0Vin to step-change in load current (40% of Iout max; di/dt=0.1A/s). Load cap: 15F, 100m ESR tantalum and 10F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div).
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 18: Output voltage response at 5.0Vin to step-change in load current (40% of Iout max; di/dt=3A/s). Load cap: 470F, 25m ESR tantalum and 10F ceramic. Top: Vout (100mV/div), Bottom: Iout (5A/div).
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 10
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Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
3.3Vout
2.5Vout
2.5Vout
1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.9Vout 0.75Vout
1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.9Vout 0.75Vout
Figure 19: Turn-on transient at 3.3Vin and full load (resistive load) (2ms/div). Ch 1: ON/OFF input (2V/div). Ch 2-8: Vout (500mV/div)
Figure 20: Turn-on transient at 5.0Vin and full load (resistive load) (2ms/div). Ch 1: ON/OFF input (2V/div). Ch 2-8: Vout (500mV/div)
3.3Vout
2.5Vout
2.5Vout
1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.9Vout 0.75Vout
1.8Vout 1.5Vout 1.2Vout 1.0Vout 0.9Vout 0.75Vout
Figure 21: Turn-on transient at 3.3Vin and zero load (2ms/div). Ch 1: ON/OFF input (2V/div). Ch 2-8: Vout (500mV/div)
Figure 22: Turn-on transient at 5.0Vin and zero load (2ms/div). Ch 1: ON/OFF input (2V/div). Ch 2-8: Vout (500mV/div)
7
7
6
6
5
5
Delay Time (ms)
4
Rise Time (ms)
4
3
3
2
2
1
Max Delay Time Min Delay Time
1
Max Rise Time Min Rise Time
0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Output Voltage (V)
Output Voltage (V)
Figure 23: Minimum and Maximum Startup Delay Time (enable to 10%) over temperature versus output voltage (includes trimming).
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 24: Minimum and Maximum Startup Rise Time (10% to 90%) over temperature versus output voltage (includes trimming).
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 11
www.synqor.com
Technical Specification
10
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
8
source impedance
<1 H
Figs. 27-28
Iout (A)
6
iS
0.9V 1.0V 1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
iC
DC/DC Converter 10 F
VOUT
15 F,
4
VSOURCE
C*
2
0
* See values for recommended external input capacitance. Inductor optional as needed. Reduce to <0.3H for Cout > 1000F, unless Cin > Cout.
ceramic 100m ESR capacitor tantalum capacitor
Load Capacitance (uF)
Figure 25: Maximum Startup Load Current versus Load Capacitance. Derate the load during startup according to this figure to avoid the possibility of over-current shutdown.
Figure 26: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Output Voltage Ripple (Figs 27-28).
0.9Vout
0.9Vout 1.0Vout
1.0Vout
1.2Vout
1.2Vout 1.5Vout 1.5Vout 1.8Vout 1.8Vout 2.5Vout 2.5Vout 3.3Vout
Figure 27: Output Voltage Ripple at 3.3V input voltage and rated load current (10 mV/div). Load capacitance: 10F ceramic capacitor and 15F tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 26.
Figure 28: Output Voltage Ripple at 5.0V input voltage and rated load current (10 mV/div). Load capacitance: 10F ceramic capacitor and 15F tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 20 MHz. See Figure 26.
Figure 29: Load current (10A/div) as a function of time when a 3.3Vin, 0.9Vo unit attempts to turn on into a 10 m short circuit. Top trace (100s/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace.
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Figure 30: Load current (10A/div) as a function of time when a 5.0Vin, 0.9Vo unit attempts to turn on into a 10 m short circuit. Top trace (100s/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace.
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 12
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Technical Specification
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
Figure 31: Load current (10A/div) as a function of time when a 3.3Vin, 2.5Vo unit attempts to turn on into a 10 m short circuit. Top trace (100s/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace.
Figure 32: Load current (10A/div) as a function of time when a 5.0Vin, 3.3Vo unit attempts to turn on into a 10 m short circuit. Top trace (100s/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the bottom trace.
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
Phone 1-888-567-9596
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 13
Technical Specification
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The NiQor series non-isolated converter uses a buck converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The NiQor modules employ synchronous rectification for very high efficiency. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink or metal baseplate for operation. The NiQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a single PCB substrate. The NiQor series of SIPs and SMT converters uses the established industry standard footprint and pin-out configurations.
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
between Pin 10 (TRIM) and the Common Ground Pins. To achieve a desired output voltage Vout, the value of the resistor should be:
Rtrim =
21070 VOUT
_ 0.7525
_ 5110
()
For example, to program an output voltage of 3.3V, the Rtrim resistor value is calculated as follows:
Rtrim = (21070/(3.3 - 0.7525)) - 5110 = 3.16 k
Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of Vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range.
CONTROL FEATURES
REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 11): The ON/OFF input, Pin 11, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. There are currently two options available for the ON/OFF input described in the table below. (contact factory for other options)
Pin-Open Option Description Converter state Pin Action O Logic Negative/Open On Pull High = Off P Logic Positive/Open On Pull Low = Off
PROTECTION FEATURES
Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled "Input System Instability". When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Over Current Shutdown: The converter uses the control (high-side) MOSFET on-resistance to detect short circuit or excessive over-current conditions. The converter compensates for the temperature variation of the MOSFET on-resistance, keeping the overcurrent threshold roughly constant over temperature. Very short (<1mS) over-current pulses will see a slightly higher apparent threshold than longer duration overcurrent events. This makes the converter less susceptible to shutdown from transient load conditions. However, once the overcurrent threshold is reached the converter ceases PWM operation within microseconds. After an over-current shutdown, the converter will remain off for an inhibit period of 18 to 32 milliseconds, and then attempt a soft-start. Depending on the impedance or current level of the overload condition, the converter will enter a "hiccup mode" where it repeatedly turns on and off at a frequency of 25 to 50 Hz, until the overload or
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 14
Figure A is a schematic view of the internal ON/OFF circuitry.
Vin 10K ON/OFF 20K PWM Enable ON/OFF 1K
20K
Negative Logic (O) Positive Logic (P)
PWM Enable 15K
Figure A: Simplified Schematic of internal ON/OFF circuitry
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 10): The TRIM input permits the user to adjust the output voltage according to the trim range specifications by using an external resistor. If the TRIM feature is not being used, leave the TRIM pin disconnected. TRIM (wide trim output unit): The output voltage of the NQ04T33 module can be programmed to any voltage from 0.85 to 3.6V by connecting a single external resistor Rtrim
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596
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Technical Specification
short circuit condition is removed. Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After 2-4 ms, the converter will automatically restart. Note the wide trim model has a typical OVP threshold of 4.1V. Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the Over-Temperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value.
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
In this example, at full load, that would stress the tantalum input capacitor to about 3A rms ripple current, possibly beyond its rating. Placing an additional 40F of ceramic in parallel with that capacitor would reduce the ripple current to about 1.5A, probably within its rating at 85oC. The input ripple current is proportional to load current, so this example should be scaled down according to the actual load current. Additional input capacitance equal to half of the output capacitance is recommended when operating with more than 1000uF of output capacitance on lower voltage outputs when trimming down by more than half of the trim-down allowance (e.g., further than -2.5% on a 0.9V, or -5% on a 1.2V). Input inductance should be reduced for maintaining input stability when operating with large output capacitance (>1000F). Reducing input inductance to <0.3H provides for good phase margin with up to the 4000F maximum output capacitance. If the input inductance must be increased up to 1H even with large output capacitance (>1000F), an input capacitance equal to or greater than the output capacitance may be needed to compensate the input impedance. If no inductor is used to isolate the input ripple of the NiQor converters from the source or from inputs of other NiQor converters, then this external capacitance might be provided by the DC/DC converter used as the power source. SynQor's PowerQor series converters typically have tantalum and ceramic output capacitors that would provide the damping. An input inductor would help isolate the ripple currents and voltages from the source or other NiQor style converters on the voltage supply rail. If an input inductor is used, the recommended capacitance should guarantee stability and control the ripple current for up to 1.0H of input inductance. The input inductor need not have very high inductance. A value of 250 nanohenries would equate to almost 500 miliohm of series impedance at the switching frequency of 300 kHz. This would be working against an assumed capacitive ESR of 30m on the supply side of the inductor, providing significant isolation and ripple reduction. No external capacitance is required at the output, however, the ripple voltage can be further reduced if ceramic and tantalum capacitors are added at the output. Since the internal output capacitance is about 50F, approximately that amount of ceramic capacitance would be needed to produce a noticeable reduction in output ripple. The value of the tantalum capacitors is both to provide a high capacitance for pulsed loads and to provide damping of the distribution network with their inherent ESR, which is low, but higher than ceramics. Additional output
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 15
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
Input and Output Filtering: SynQor recommends an external input capacitor of either a tantalum, polymer or aluminum electrolytic type on the input of the NQ03/NQ04 series nonisolated converters. This capacitance and resistance primarily provides damping of the input filter, reduces the source impedance and guarantees input stability (see SynQor application note "Input System Instability"). The input filter is formed by any source or wiring inductance and the converter's input capacitance. The external capacitance also provides an additional benefit of ripple voltage reduction. A modest sized capacitor would suffice in most conditions, such as a 330F, 16V tantalum, with an ESR of approximately 50 m. The NiQor family converters have an internal ceramic input capacitor to reduce ripple current stress on the external capacitors. An external ceramic capacitor of similar size (330F) with a series resistor of approximately 50 m would also suffice and would provide the filter damping. Additional ceramic capacitance may be needed on the input, in parallel with the tantalum capacitor, to relieve ripple current stress on the tantalum capacitors. The external capacitance forms a current divider with the 40F internal ceramic capacitance. At 300 kHz., the impedance of the internal capacitance is about 15m capacitive. At that frequency, an SMT 330F tantalum capacitor would have an impedance of about 50m resistive, essentially just the ESR.
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Technical Specification
capacitance in the range of 300-500F is beneficial for reducing the deviation in response to a fast load transient. Input Over-Voltage Prevention: The power system designer must take precautions to prevent damaging the NiQor converters by input overvoltage. This is another reason to be careful about damping the input filter so that no ringing occurs from an underdamped filter. The voltage must be prevented from exceeding the absolute maximum voltage indicated in the Electrical Specifications section of the data sheet under all conditions of turn-on, turn-off and load transients and fault conditions. The power source should have an over voltage shutdown threshold as close as reasonably possible to the operating point. Additional protection can come from additional input capacitance, perhaps on the order of 1,000F, but contingent on the source inductance value. A large source inductance would require more capacitance to keep the input voltage below the absolute maximum, if the load current were interrupted suddenly. This can be caused by either a shutdown of the NiQor from a fault or from the load itself, for example when a card is hot-swapped out, suddenly dropping the load to zero. This is further justification for keeping the source inductance low, as mentioned above. When the power source is configured with remote sensing, the series resistance of the filter inductor and any other conductors or devices between the source and the sense point will result in a voltage drop which, in the event of a load current interruption, would add to the NiQor input voltage. A TVS device could also be used to clamp the voltage level during these conditions, but the relatively narrow range between operating voltage and the absolute maximum voltage restrict the use of these devices to lower source current levels that will not drive the transient voltage suppressor above the voltage limit when all the source current is flowing into the clamp. A TVS would be a good supplemental control, in addition to careful selection of inductance and capacitance values. Equivalent Model for Input Ripple: A simple but reasonably accurate model of input ripple is to treat the NiQor input as a pulsed AC current source at 300 kHz.in parallel with a very low ESR capacitor, see Figure B. The peak-to-peak current of the source model is equal to the NiQor load current, representing the peak current in the NiQor's smoothing choke. The capacitor represents the 40F input ceramic capacitance of the NiQor converter, with a nearly negligible ESR of less than 1 m. A further refinement can be made by setting the duty cycle of the pulsed source to the output voltage divided by the input voltage.
Product # NQ04T33VKA10 Phone 1-888-567-9596
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
The only error in this simplified model is that it ignores the ripple current in the choke, usually less than 20% of the load current, and it ignores the resistive losses inside the NiQor converter, which would alter the duty cycle very slightly. The model is a good guide for calculating the effects of external input capacitors and other filter elements on ripple voltage and ripple current stress on capacitors. High Capacitance Loads with Backdrive: When using two or more NiQor converters with high capacitance loads
40F
INPUT
I p-p I p-p = I Load
<1m
Figure B: Equivalent model for input ripple
(greater than 1,000F), special consideration must be given to the following condition. If a back-drive source is feeding voltage back to a NiQor output, perhaps through some ASIC or other load device, and the back-driving source is greater than 60% of the input voltage to the NiQor that has not been enabled yet, an overcurrent condition may exist on startup. This condition could prevent a proper startup when the second NiQor is enabled. The condition is caused by the second NiQor having to ramp the voltage to a high duty cycle with a high capacitance load, which can trip the overcurrent shutdown, preventing a startup. The following remedies for this situation can be applied: 1) Limit output capacitance on higher voltage outputs to 1,000F. OR, 2) Prevent back-drive conditions that raise the off-state output voltage to more than 60% of the input voltage. Thermal Considerations: For vertical mount applications at elevated temperatures that call for forced air cooling (see thermal derating curves - measured using 6 layer 2oz copper board), the preferred airflow direction is from pin 11 to pin 1, as indicated in the thermal images provided. If airflow is in the opposite direction (pin 1 to pin 11) the power devices will run hotter by about 5 OC (corresponding to an additional 1 ampere of load derating at conditions where derating occurs). For horizontal mount applications (NQ0xxxxHKA parts), where the inductor and power devices are facing down, the preferred
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 16
www.synqor.com
Technical Specification
airflow direction is into the leading edge opposite the pin header edge, such that air flowing under the NiQor PCB flows out between the pins and the inductor. With this airflow direction, and with the inductor firmly contacting the application board, the user can apply the thermal derating curves provided herein (measured using 6 layer 2oz copper board) for vertical mount with airflow from pin 11 to pin 1. Airflows in other directions across the horizontally mounted NiQor will result in temperatures that are higher by about 5 OC with pin 11 to pin 1 airflow and about 10 OC with pin 1 to pin 11 airflow. Also, temperature increases of up to 10 OC (2 Amp lower derating) can be expected if the inductor thermal interface does not make good contact to the customer's circuit board. Layout Suggestion: When using a fixed output NiQor converter, the designer may chose to use the trim function and would thus be required to reserve board space for a trim resistor. It is suggested that even if the designer does not plan to use the trim function, additional space should be reserved on the board for a trim resistor. This will allow the flexibility to use the wide output voltage trim range NiQor module at a later date. Any trim resistor should connect to the ground or output node at one of the respective pins of the NiQor, so as to prevent the trim level from being affected by load drops through the ground or power planes.
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. SynQor products are currently 5/6 RoHS compliant with lead being the exception. For more information please visit our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free Initiative web or e-mail us at rohs@synqor.com.
OPTIONAL FEATURES
REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pin 3 - Optional): The optional SENSE(+) input corrects for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converter's output pins to the load. Pin 3 should be connected to Vout(+) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a voltage drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is
Vout(+) - SENSE(+) < Sense Range % x Vout
Pin 3 must be connected for proper regulation of the output voltage. If these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified value. Note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage across the output (pins 1, 2 and 4) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter's sense lead (pin 3).
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A
09/06/05
Page 17
Technical Specification
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor's NiQor DC/DC converters follows the format shown in the example below.
NQ 04 T33 V K A 10 O R S Options (see Ordering Information) Output Current Thermal Design Performance Level Packaging Input Voltage Product Family
Packaging: p
Packaging
(see Ordering Information)
Input: Outputs: Current: Package:
ORDERING INFORMATION
3.0 - 5.5V 0.9 - 3.3V 10A SIP
The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options.
Model Number NQ04T33p KA10xyz* Input Voltage Output Max Output Voltage Current 3.0 - 5.5 V 0.85-3.6V 10 A
Output Voltage
The following option choices must be included in place of the p x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above.
Options Description: x y z
Enable Logic Pin Style R - 0.160" V - Vert. Mount SIP H - Horz. Mount SIP O - Neg./Open P - Pos./Open
(Standard)
Feature Set
The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. Although there are no default values for packaging, enable logic, pin length and feature set, the most common options are vertical mount SIP (V), Negative/Open logic (O), 0.160" pins (R) and Sense feature set (S). These part numbers are more likely to be readily available in stock for evaluation and prototype quantities.
V - 0.160"
(Vert Reversed)
S - Sense (Std.) N - None
Application Notes
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from our website.
Contact SynQor for further information:
Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address:
978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 power@synqor.com www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor.
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor.
Doc.# 005-2NV4T3F Rev. A 09/06/05 Page 18
Product # NQ04T33VKA10
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