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TB6548F/FG
TOSHIBA CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic
TB6548F/FG
Three-Phase Full-Wave PWM Sensorless Controller for Brushless DC Motors
The TB6548F/FG is a three-phase full-wave sensorless controller for brushless DC motors. The device supports voltage control by PWM signal input and is capable of PWM type sensorless driving when used in conjunction with the TA84005F/FG.
Features
* * * * * * * Three-phase full-wave sensorless drive PWM control (PWM signal is supplied from external sources) Turn-on signal output current: 20 mA Built-in protection against overcurrent Forward/reverse modes Built-in lead angle control function (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 degrees) Built-in lap turn-on function Weight: 0.32 g (typ.)
TB6548FG: The TB6548FG is a Pb-free product. The following conditions apply to solderability: *Solderability 1. Use of Sn-37Pb solder bath *solder bath temperature = 230C *dipping time = 5 seconds *number of times = once *use of R-type flux 2. Use of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder bath *solder bath temperature=245C *dipping time = 5 seconds *number of times = once *use of R-type flux
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Block Diagram
VDD 13 FG_OUT 6
14 OUT_UP PWM 3 PWM Control 17 OUT_VP SEL_LAP 8 Rotation Instruction Circuit Timing Control Turn-on Signal Forming Circuit 21 OUT_WP 15 OUT_UN 19 OUT_VN 22 OUT_WN LA0 1 LA1 2 Lead Angle Setting Circuit
CW_CCW 4
Overcurrent Protection Circuit
23 OC
Clock Generator Circuit
Position Detection Circuit 12 GND
24 WAVE
10 XT
11 XTin
Pin Assignment
LA0 LA1 PWM CW_CCW NC FG_OUT NC SEL_LAP NC XT XTin GND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
WAVE OC OUT_WN OUT_WP NC OUT_VN NC OUT_VP NC OUT_UN OUT_UP VDD
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Pin Description
Pin No. Symbol I/O Lead angle setting signal input pin 1 LA0 I * * * 2 LA1 I * * * 3 PWM I * * LA0 = Low, LA1 = Low: Lead angle of 0 degrees LA0 = High, LA1 = Low: Lead angle of 7.5 degrees LA0 = Low, LA1 = High: Lead angle of 15 degrees LA0 = High, LA1 = High: Lead angle of 30 degrees Built-in pull-down resistor Description
PWM signal input pin Inputs Low-active PWM signal Built-in pull-up resistor Disables input of duty-100% (Low) signal High for 250 ns or longer is required. High: Reverse (U W V) Low, Open: Forward (U V W) Built-in pull-down resistor
Rotational direction signal input pin 4 CW_CCW I * * * 5 6 7 NC FG_OUT NC O
Not connected Rotational frequency detection signal output pin * Equivalent to U-phase signal (except PWM)
Not connected Lap turn-on select pin
8
SEL_LAP
I
* * *
Low: Lap turn-on High: 120 degrees turn-on Built-in pull-up resistor
9 10 11 12 13
NC XT XTin GND VDD

Not connected Resonator connecting pin * Selects starting commutation frequency. 17 Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 x 2 )
Connected to GND. Connected to 5 V power supply. U-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
14
OUT_UP
O
* * * *
U-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
U-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 15 OUT_UN O U-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
16
NC
Not connected V-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
17
OUT_VP
O
* *
V-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
18
NC
Not connected V-phase lower turn-on signal output pin
19
OUT_VN
O
* *
V-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
20
NC
Not connected
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Pin No. Symbol I/O Description W-phase upper turn-on signal output pin 21 OUT_WP O * * * * * * * * W-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
W-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 22 OUT_WN O W-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
Overcurrent signal input pin 23 OC I High on this pin can put constraints on the turn-on signal performing PWM control. Built-in pull-up resistor
Positional signal input pin 24 WAVE I Inputs majority logic synthesis signal of three-phase pin voltage. Built-in pull-up resistor
Functional Description
1. Sensorless Drive
On receipt of the start instruction by PWM signal, the turn-in signal for forcible commutation (commutation irrespective of the rotor position of the motor) is output and the motor starts to rotate. The rotation of the motor causes induced voltage on the wirewound pin for each phase. When signals indicating positive or negative for pin voltage (including induced voltage) for each phase are input through their respective positional signal input pins, the turn-on signal for forcible commutation is automatically switched to the turn-on signal for the positional signal (induced voltage). Thereafter, the turn-on signal is formed according to the induced voltage contained in the pin voltage so as to drive the brushless DC motor.
2. Starting Commutation Frequency (resonator pin and counter bit select pin)
The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start is determined by the resonator's frequency and the number of counter bits (within the IC). + Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 x 2 (bit 3)) bits = 14 The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start can be adjusted using the inertia of the motor and the load. * The forcible commutation frequency should be set higher as the number of magnetic poles increases. * The forcible commutation frequency should be set lower as the inertia of the load increases.
3. PWM Control
The PWM signal can be reflected in the turn-on signal by supplying the PWM signal from external sources. The frequency of the PWM signal should be set adequately high with regard to the electrical frequency of the motor and in accordance with the switching characteristics of the drive circuit. Because positional detection is performed in synchronization with the falling edges of the PWM signal, positional detection cannot be performed with 0% duty or 100% duty.
Duty (max) 250 ns Duty (min)
250 ns
Even if the duty is 99%, the duty of the voltage applied to the motor is 100% owing to the storage time of the drive circuit.
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4. PWM Control
Upper turn-on signal (OUT-P)
Lower turn-on signal (OUT-N)
Output voltage of the TA84005F/FG
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5. Positional Variation
Since positional detection is performed in synchronization with the PWM signal, positional variation occurs in connection with the frequency of the PWM signal. Take particular care if using the IC for high-speed motors. Variation is calculated by detecting at two consecutive rising edges of the PWM signal. 1/fp < Detection time variation < 2/fp fp: PWM frequency
PWM signal
Output voltage of the TA84005F/FG
Reference voltage Pin voltage
Positional signal
Ideal detection timing
Actual detection timing
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6. Lead Angle Control
The lead angle is 0 degrees during the starting forcible commutation and, when normal commutation is started, automatically changes to the lead angle that has been set using LA0 and LA1. However, if both LA0 and LA1 are set for High, the lead angle is 30 degrees in the starting forcible commutation as well as in normal commutation.
Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
U
V
W
30 degrees PWM control
PWM control 22.5 degrees PWM control PWM control PWM control 15 degrees
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
(3) Lead angle: 15 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control
(4) Lead angle: 30 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control PWM control
7. Lap Turn-on Control
When SEL_LAP = High, the turn-on electrical angle is 120 degrees. When SEL_LAP = Low, Lap Turn-on Mode starts. In Lap Turn-on Mode, the time between zero-cross point and the 120-degree turn-on timing becomes longer (shaded area in the below chart) so as to create some overlap when switching turn-on signals. The lap time varies depending on the lead angle setting.
Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
U
V
W
PWM control
PWM control
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control PWM control
(3) Lead angle: 15 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control
(4) Lead angle: 30 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
PWM control PWM control PWM control
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8. Start/Stop Control
Start/Stop is controlled using the PWM signal input pin. A stop is acknowledged when the PWM signal duty is 0, and a start is acknowledged when the ON-signal of a frequency four times higher than the resonator frequency or greater is input continuously.
Timing chart
PWM signal Detection timing
Start 512 periods at the resonator frequency PWM signal Detection timing
First detection
Second detection
Start
Stop 512 periods at the resonator frequency
First detection
Second detection and stop
Note: Take sufficient care regarding noise on the PWM signal input pin.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Characteristic Power supply voltage Input voltage Turn-on signal output current Power dissipation Operating temperature Storage temperature Symbol VDD Vin IOUT PD Topr Tstg Rating 5.5 -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 20 590 -30 to 85 -55 to 150 Unit V V mA mW C C
Recommended Operating Conditions (Ta = -30 to 85C)
Characteristic Power supply voltage Input voltage PWM frequency Oscillation frequency Symbol VDD Vin fPWM fosc Test Condition Min 4.5 -0.3 1.0 Typ. 5.0 16 Max 5.5 VDD + 0.3 10 Unit V V kHz MHz
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Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VDD = 5 V)
Characteristic Static power supply current Dynamic power supply current Symbol IDD IDD (opr) IIN-1 (H) Input current IIN-1 (L) IIN-2 (H) IIN-2 (L) VIN (H) Input voltage VIN (L) Test Circui t Test Condition PWM = H, XTin = H PWM = 50% Duty, XTin = 4 MHz VIN = 5 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP VIN = 0 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP VIN = 5 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1 VIN = 0 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1 PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW 3.5 WAVE_U, LA0, LA1 PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1 PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1 IOH = -1 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOL = 20 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOH = -20 mA OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN IOL = 1 mA OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN IOH = -0.5 mA FG_OUT IOL = 0.5 mA FG_OUT VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 0 V IL (H) OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN FG_OUT Output leak current VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 5.5 V IL (L) OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN FG_OUT Output delay time tpLH tpHL PWM-Output 0.5 0.5 1 1 s 0 10 0 10 GND 4.0 VDD GND 4.0 GND GND Min -75 -1 Typ. 0.1 1 0 -50 50 0 Max 0.3 3 1 75 5 V 1.5 A Unit mA mA
Input hysteresis voltage
VH
0.6
V
VO-1 (H)
4.3
VDD
VO-1 (L)
0.5
VO-2 (H) Output voltage VO-2 (L)
VDD V
0.5
VO-3 (H)
VO-3 (L)
0.5
A
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Application Circuit Example
VDD = 5 V VM = 20 V
VDD Positional detection signal WAVE PWM signal PWM OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP FG signal FG_OUT OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN IN_VN IN_WP RF IN_WN VISD1 OC GND Overcurrent detection signal ISD GND VISD2 0.01 F 1 IN_UP IN_UN IN_VP OUT_U OUT_V OUT_W COMP
M

Note 1: Utmost care is necessary in the design of the output, VCC, VM, and GND lines since the IC may be destroyed by short-circuiting between outputs, air contamination faults, or faults due to improper grounding, or by short-circuiting between contiguous pins. Note 2: The above application circuit and values mentioned are intended only as an example for reference. Since the values may vary depending on the motor to be used, appropriate values must be determined through experiment before use of the device.
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Package Dimensions
Weight: 0.32 g (typ.)
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Notes on Contents
1. Block Diagrams
Some of the functional blocks, circuits, or constants in the block diagram may be omitted or simplified for explanatory purposes. The equivalent circuit diagrams may be simplified or some parts of them may be omitted for explanatory purposes. Timing charts may be simplified for explanatory purposes. The application circuits shown in this document are provided for reference purposes only. Thorough evaluation is required, especially at the mass production design stage. Toshiba does not grant any license to any industrial property rights by providing these examples of application circuits. Components in the test circuits are used only to obtain and confirm the device characteristics. These components and circuits are not guaranteed to prevent malfunction or failure from occurring in the application equipment.
2. Equivalent Circuits
3. Timing Charts
4. Application Circuits
5. Test Circuits
IC Usage Considerations
Notes on handling of ICs
[1] The absolute maximum ratings of a semiconductor device are a set of ratings that must not be exceeded, even for a moment. Do not exceed any of these ratings. Exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. [2] Do not insert devices in the wrong orientation or incorrectly. Make sure that the positive and negative terminals of power supplies are connected properly. Otherwise, the current or power consumption may exceed the absolute maximum rating, and exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. In addition, do not use any device that is applied the current with inserting in the wrong orientation or incorrectly even just one time.
Points to remember on handling of ICs
(1) Back-EMF
When a motor rotates in the reverse direction, stops or slows down abruptly, a current flow back to the motor's power supply due to the effect of back-EMF. If the current sink capability of the power supply is small, the device's motor power supply and output pins might be exposed to conditions beyond maximum ratings. To avoid this problem, take the effect of back-EMF into consideration in system design.
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