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19-2742; Rev 1; 5/03
High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23
General Description
The MAX4004/MAX4006 precision, high-side, current monitors are specifically designed for monitoring photodiode current in fiber applications. They offer a connection point for the reference current and a monitor output that produces a signal proportional to the reference current. The monitor output of the MAX4004 is a current proportional to the reference current. The monitor output of the MAX4006 is a voltage proportional to the reference current. The current monitors have six decades of dynamic range and monitor reference current of 250nA to 2.5mA with better than 5% accuracy. The photodiode current can be monitored from 10nA to 10mA with reduced accuracy. The MAX4004/MAX4006 accept a +2.7V to +22V supply voltage, suitable for PIN photodiode applications. (For higher voltage applications, refer to the MAX4007/ MAX4008 data sheet.) Internal current limiting (20mA, typ) protects the device against short-circuit-to-ground or excessive current conditions. A clamp diode protects the monitor output from overvoltage. Additionally, these devices feature thermal shutdown if the die temperature reaches +150C. The MAX4004/MAX4006 are available in tiny, spacesaving 6-pin SOT23 packages, and operate over the extended temperature range of -40C to +85C.
Features
o Wide Reference Current Dynamic Range Guaranteed 250nA to 2.5mA with 5% Accuracy Extended 10nA to 10mA with 10% Monitor Accuracy o Current (MAX4004) or Voltage (MAX4006) Monitor Output o Reference Current-Limit Protection (20mA, typ) o Voltage Clamp Protects Subsequent Output Circuitry o +2.7V to +22V Wide Voltage Range Operation o 6-Pin SOT23 Packages
MAX4004/MAX4006
Ordering Information
PART MAX4004EUT-T MAX4006EUT-T TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 6 SOT23-6 6 SOT23-6 TOP MARK ABNL ABNN
Applications
Photodiode Current-Monitoring Systems Portable Instrumentation Medical Instrumentation Laboratory Instrumentation Consumer Electronics Current-to-Voltage Conversion Level Translation
Pin Configuration Selector Guide
TOP VIEW
CLAMP 1 6 BIAS
PART MAX4004EUT-T MAX4006EUT-T
PIN-PACKAGE 6 SOT23-6 6 SOT23-6
INTERNAL TYPICAL RESISTOR ACCURACY None 10k 5% 1%
GND 2
MAX4004 MAX4006
5
N.C.
OUT 3
4
REF
Typical Operating Circuit appears at end of data sheet.
SOT23
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 MAX4004/MAX4006
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
CLAMP to GND ......................................................-0.3V to +25V BIAS, REF to GND ..................................................-0.3V to +25V OUT to GND .........................................-0.3V to (VCLAMP + 0.6V) Short-Circuit, REF to GND..........................................Continuous Current into any Pin ..........................................................30mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 6-Pin SOT23 (derate 8.7mW/C above +70C)............696mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VBIAS = 5V, GND = 0V, REF = Open, VOUT = 0V (MAX4004), CLAMP = Open, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Bias Voltage Range Bias Quiescent Current Reference Voltage Thermal Shutdown Engage Temperature Trip-Point Temperature Hysteresis Input Current Limit MAX4004 Output Current Noise SYMBOL VBIAS IBIAS VREF TSHDN THYS ILIM CONDITIONS Inferred from power-supply rejection test IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 2.5mA REF shorted to GND, junction temperature rising REF shorted to GND, junction temperature falling VREF = VBIAS - 5V f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz
iNOUT
MIN 2.7
TYP
MAX 22
UNITS V A mA V C C mA
40 3.6 VBIAS - 1.1 VBIAS - 0.8 150 5 20 IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA 0.3 63 9.2 1240 0.041 0.63 1.3 12.5 50 5 10 1 0 to VBIAS - 1.5 0 to VBIAS - 0.85
100 4
pARMS
f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz MAX4006 Output Voltage Noise eNOUT f = 0.1Hz to 10kHz MAX4004 MAX4006 Output Leakage Output Voltage Range VOUT REF = open
VRMS
G M k pA V
Output Resistance
ROUT
VBIAS = 2.7V to 22V, IREF = 0 to 1mA, MAX4004: IOUT/IOUT = 1%, MAX4006: VOUT/IOUT = 1%
2
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VBIAS = 5V, GND = 0V, REF = Open, VOUT = 0V (MAX4004), CLAMP = Open, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Output Clamp Voltage Output Clamp Leakage MAX4004 Current Gain IOUT/IREF SYMBOL VOUT VCLAMP VCLAMP = 0 to 22V IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 10mA, VBIAS = 12V MAX4006 Transimpedance Gain IREF = 250nA VOUT/IREF (IOUT/IOUT) /VBIAS (VOUT/VOUT) /VBIAS tS IREF = 2.5mA IREF = 10mA, VBIAS = 12V Power-Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) MAX4004: VBIAS = 2.7V to 22V MAX4006: VBIAS = 2.7V to 22V IREF = 250nA IREF = 1mA IREF = 1mA 0.9 0.95 0.09 0.094 CONDITIONS MIN TYP 0.6 1 0.099 0.095 0.098 0.995 0.998 0.992 50 50 50 7.5 90 1000 1000 1000 ms s ppm/V 1.1 1.05 V/mA 0.11 0.106 mA/mA MAX UNITS V pA
MAX4004/MAX4006
Power-Up Settling Time
IOUT settles within 0.1%, IREF = 250nA CIN = 10nF between IREF = 2.5mA REF and GND
Note 1: All devices are 100% tested at room temperature (TA = +25C). All temperature limits are guaranteed by design.
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 MAX4004/MAX4006
Typical Operating Characteristics
(TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
BIAS CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4004/6 toc01
BIAS CURRENT vs. REFERENCE CURRENT
MAX4004/6 toc02
BIAS CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
IREF = 2.5mA VBIAS = 5V
MAX4004/6 toc03
10 IREF = 2.5mA
10 VBIAS = 5V
10
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
1
1
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
1
0.1
IREF = 250nA
0.1
0.1 IREF = 250nA
0.01 2 8 14 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 20 26
0.01 10n 100n 1 10 IREF (A) 100 1m 10m
0.01 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
GAIN ERROR vs. REFERENCE CURRENT
MAX4004/6 toc04
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
0.5 0 GAIN ERROR (%) -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 -3.5 -4.0 IREF = 250nA IREF = 2.5A IREF = 250A IREF = 2.5A IREF = 5mA -40 -15 10 35 60 85 IREF = 10nA VBIAS = 5V
MAX4004/6 toc05
5 4 3 GAIN ERROR (%) 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 10n 100n 1 10 IREF (A) 100 1m VBIAS = 5V
1.0
10m
TEMPERATURE (C)
GAIN ERROR vs. BIAS VOLTAGE
0 -0.2 GAIN ERROR (%) -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 IREF = 5mA -1.4 2 7 12 VBIAS (V) 17 22 IREF = 2.5mA IOUT 0.1mA/div 0A IREF = 250nA IREF = 25A
MAX4004/6 toc06
TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VBIAS = 5V)
0.2
MAX4004/6 toc07
IREF 1.0mA/div 0A
400ns/div
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4004/MAX4006
STARTUP DELAY (VBIAS = 5V, IREF = 250nA)
MAX4004/6 toc08
STARTUP DELAY (VBIAS = 5V, IREF = 2.5mA)
MAX4004/6 toc09
CH1 0V
VBIAS BIAS D.U.T. REF OUT R1
CH1 0V
CH1
CH1
VBIAS BIAS D.U.T. REF OUT
CH2 0V
CH2 RREF 13pF RTEST
CH2 0V
R1 CH2 RREF 13pF RTEST
40ms/div RREF = 16.8M R1 = 118M RTEST = 1.67M CH1: 2V/div CH2: 10mV/div RREF = 1.68k R1 = 0 RTEST = 14.0k CH1: 2V/div CH2: 1V/div
4ms/div
STARTUP DELAY (VBIAS = 2.7V, IREF = 250nA)
MAX4004/6 toc10
STARTUP DELAY (VBIAS = 2.7V, IREF = 2.5mA)
MAX4004/6 toc11
SHORT-CIRCUIT RESPONSE (VBIAS = 5V)
TA = +148C
MAX4004/6 toc12
CH1
CH1 A B C CH1
CH2 RREF 13pF RTEST RTEST
0V
CH1
VBIAS BIAS D.U.T. REF OUT R1 CH2
0V
CH1
VBIAS BIAS D.U.T. REF OUT R1
CH2 0V
RREF 13pF
CH2 0V
0A
10ms/div RREF = 8.8M R1 = 0 RTEST = 8.1M CH1: 1V/div CH2: 50mV/div RREF = 794 R1 = 0 RTEST = 4.01k CH1: 1V/div CH2: 200mV/div
10ms/div
20ms/div CH1: IBIAS, 10mA/div A: REF SHORTS TO GND B: CURRENT LIMIT ACTIVE C: THERMAL SHUTDOWN
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 MAX4004/MAX4006
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHORT-CIRCUIT RESPONSE (VBIAS = 22V)
MAX4004/6 toc13
VOLTAGE DROP vs. REFERENCE CURRENT
VBIAS = 2.7V 1.20 1.00
MAX4004/6 toc14
1.40
TA = +120C
A
B
VBIAS - VREF (V)
C
0.80 A 0.60 0.40 0.20 0 B C D A: TA = -40C B: TA = +25C C: TA = +85C D: TA = +100C 1 10 100 1m 10m
CH1 0A
10ms/div CH1: IBIAS, 10mA/div A: REF SHORTS TO GND B: CURRENT LIMIT ACTIVE C: THERMAL SHUTDOWN
100n
REFERENCE CURRENT (A)
Pin Description
PIN MAX4004 1 2 3 4 5 6 -- MAX4006 1 2 -- 4 5 6 3 NAME CLAMP GND OUT REF N.C. BIAS OUT FUNCTION Clamp Voltage Input. External potential used for voltage clamping of VOUT. Ground Current-Monitor Output. OUT sources a current of 1/10th IREF. Reference Current Output. REF provides the source current to the cathode of the photodiode. No Connection. Not internally connected. Bias Voltage Input. Bias voltage for photodiode. Current-Monitor Output. OUT presents a voltage proportional to IREF at 1V/mA. An internal 10k resistor connects OUT to GND (see Functional Diagram).
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23
Functional Diagrams
BIAS BIAS
MAX4004/MAX4006
MAX4004
CURRENT MONITOR 10x 1x CURRENT MONITOR 10x 1x
MAX4006
CLAMP CURRENT CLAMP REF GND OUT CURRENT CLAMP REF 10k GND
CLAMP OUT
Detailed Description
The MAX4004/MAX4006 are versatile current monitors intended for monitoring DC photodiode current in fiber applications (see the Functional Diagram). The MAX4004 output is a current that is exactly one-tenth of the reference current. The MAX4006 outputs a voltage that is proportional to the reference current with a transimpedance gain of 1V/mA achieved by a factorytrimmed, internal 10k resistor. Both current devices have six decades of dynamic range and monitor reference current ranging from 250nA to 2.5mA, the nominal operating range, with better than 5% accuracy across the entire reference current, bias voltage, and temperature ranges. The corresponding monitor outputs produce 25nA to 0.25mA (MAX4004) and 0.25mV to 2.5V (MAX4006). When the reference currents are extended to the broader range of 10nA to 10mA, an accuracy of less than 10% is maintained. Internal current limiting (20mA, typ) protects the device against short-circuit-to-ground conditions, and a thermal shutdown feature reduces both the reference current and the monitor current to zero if the die temperature reaches +150C. The MAX4004/MAX4006 accept a +2.7V to +22V supply voltage, suitable for PIN photodiode applications. A clamping diode, shown in the Functional Diagram, is provided to protect subsequent output circuitry from an overvoltage condition.
Applications Information
Clamping the Monitor Output Voltage
CLAMP provides a means for diode clamping the voltage at OUT, thus VOUT is limited to VCLAMP + 0.6V. CLAMP can be connected to either an external supply, to BIAS, or can be left floating if voltage clamping is not required.
Using PIN Photodiodes in Fiber Applications
When using the MAX4004/MAX4006 to monitor PIN photodiode currents in fiber applications, several issues must be addressed. In applications where the photodiode must be fully depleted, keep track of voltages budgeted for each component with respect to the available supply voltage(s). The current monitor requires as much as 1.2V between BIAS and REF, which must be considered as part of the overall voltage budget. Additional voltage margin can be created if a negative supply is used in place of a ground connection, as long as the overall voltage drop experienced by the MAX4004/MAX4006 is less than or equal to 22V. For this type of application, the MAX4004 is suggested so the output can be referenced to "true" ground and not the negative supply. The MAX4004's output current can be referenced as desired with either a resistor to ground or a transimpedance amplifier. Take care to ensure that output voltage excursions do not interfere with the required margin between BIAS and OUT.
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 MAX4004/MAX4006
In many fiber applications, OUT is connected directly to an ADC that operates from a supply voltage that is less than the voltage at BIAS. Connecting the MAX4004/MAX4006's clamping diode output, CLAMP, to the ADC power supply helps avoid damage to the ADC. Without this protection, voltages can develop at OUT that can destroy the ADC. This protection is less critical when OUT is connected directly to subsequent transimpedance amplifiers (linear or logarithmic) that have low-impedance, near-ground-referenced inputs. If a transimpedance amp is used on the low side of the photodiode, its voltage drop must also be considered. Leakage from the clamping diode is most often insignificant over nominal operating conditions, but grows with temperature. To maintain low levels of wideband noise, lowpass filtering the output signal is suggested in applications where only DC measurements are required. Determining the required filtering components is straightforward, as the MAX4004 exhibits a very high output impedance (>5M), while the MAX4006 exhibits an output resistance of 10k. In some applications where pilot tones are used to identify specific fiber channels, higher bandwidths are desired at OUT to detect these tones. Consider the minimum and maximum currents to be detected, then consult the frequency response and noise typical operating curves. If the minimum current is too small, insufficient monitor bandwidth could result, while too high of a current could result in excessive monitor noise across the desired bandwidth. See the MAX4009 family for devices intended for fiber applications using pilot tones.
Bypassing and External Components
In applications where power-supply noise can interfere with DC diode measurements, additional filtering is suggested. Such noise is commonly seen when switching power supplies are used to generate the photodiode bias voltage. As shown in the typical operating circuit, a pi filter (two 0.22F capacitors and one 2.2H inductor) greatly suppress power-supply switching noise. If such a filter is already present in the bias-generating circuit, only a simple bypass capacitor at the BIAS pin is suggested. The output lowpass filter, a 10k resistor and a 10nF capacitor, further reduce permeating power-supply noise as well as other wideband noise that might otherwise restrict measurements at low signal levels. Again, reducing the bandwidth of the OUT signal can affect performance of pilot-tone systems. To restrict high-frequency photodiode signals from affecting the current monitor and BIAS power supply, an RF choke and 10nF capacitor can be added. The capacitance presented to REF should not exceed 10nF; larger values increase startup time and could cause the thermal shutdown circuit to activate during startup.
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23
Typical Operating Circuit
+2.7V TO +22V 2.2H
MAX4004/MAX4006
0.22F
0.22F
BIAS CURRENT MONITOR 10x 1x CLAMP
+5V
+5V
CURRENT CLAMP
OUT
ADC 10k
REF
MAX4004
GND
10nF
PIN PHOTODIODE TIA HIGH-SPEED DATA PATH TO LIMITING AMPLIFIER
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 195 PROCESS: BiCMOS
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High-Accuracy, High-Side Current Monitors in SOT23 MAX4004/MAX4006
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
6LSOT.EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT-23, 6L
21-0058
F
1
1
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
10 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2003 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

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