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LM317M Three-Terminal Adjustable Output Positive Voltage Regulator
The LM317M is an adjustable three-terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 500 mA over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow-out proof. The LM317M serves a wide variety of applications including local, on-card regulation. This device also makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317M can be used as a precision current regulator. * Output Current in Excess of 500 mA * Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V * Internal Thermal Overload Protection * Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting * Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation * Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications * Eliminates Stocking Many Fixed Voltages
Simplified Application
Vin Vout R1 240 * Cin 0.1F IAdj Adjust ** +C O 1.0F
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Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2
1
2
3
TO-220AB T SUFFIX CASE 221A
1 2 3
SOT-223 ST SUFFIX CASE 318E
Vin
LM317M
Vout
DPAK DT SUFFIX CASE 369A
1
2 3
Heatsink Surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2.
R2
PIN ASSIGNMENT
1 * = Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** = CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response. Vout 2 3 Adjust Vout Vin
+ 1.25 V 1 ) R2 ) IAdj R2 R1
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet.
Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 A, the error associated with this term is negligible in most applications.
(c) Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 1999
1
November, 1999 - Rev. 6
Publication Order Number: LM317M/D
LM317M
MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.)
Rating Input-Output Voltage Differential Power Dissipation (Package Limitation) (Note 1) Plastic Package, T Suffix, Case 221A TA = 25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Plastic Package, DT Suffix, Case 369A TA = 25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Plastic Package, ST Suffix, Case 318E TA = 25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Symbol VI-VO Value 40 Unit Vdc
PD JA JC PD JA JC PD JA JC TJ Tstg
Internally Limited 70 5.0 Internally Limited 92 5.0 Internally Limited 245 15 - 40 to +125 - 65 to +150
C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C C
NOTE: 1. Figure 23 provides thermal resistance versus pc board pad size.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI-VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.1 A, TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1], unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristics Line Regulation (Note 2) TA = 25C, 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V Load Regulation (Note 2) TA = 25C, 10 mA IO 0.5 A VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change 2.5 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IL 0.5 A, PD Pmax Reference Voltage 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IO 0.5 A, PD Pmax: Line Regulation (Note 2) 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V Load Regulation (Note 2) 10 mA IO 0.5 A VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V Temperature Stability (Tlow TJ Thigh) Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI-VO = 40 V) Maximum Output Current VI-VO 15 V, PD Pmax VI-VO = 40 V, PD Pmax, TA = 25C RMS Noise, % of VO TA= 25C, 10 Hz f 10 kHz Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 3) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F Long-Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 4) TA= 25C for Endpoint Measurements Figure 1 2 Symbol Regline Regload - - 3 1,2 3 1 2 IAdj IAdj Vref 1.200 Regline Regload - - 3 3 3 TS ILmin Imax 0.5 0.15 - 4 N RR - 66 3 S - 65 80 0.3 - - 1.0 %/1.0 k Hrs. - 0.9 0.25 0.003 - - - % VO dB - - 20 0.3 0.7 3.5 70 1.5 - 10 mV % VO % VO mA A - 1.250 0.02 1.300 0.07 %/V - - 5.0 0.1 50 0.2 25 0.5 100 5.0 mV % VO A A V Min - Typ 0.01 Max 0.04 Unit %/V
NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0 to +125C for LM317M Tlow to Thigh = - 40 to +125C for LM317MB 2. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. 3. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 4. Since Long-Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot.
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LM317M
Representative Schematic Diagram
Vin 300 300 300 3.0k 300 70 6.8V 6.8V 350 18k
8.67k 130 5.1k 200k
500 400
6.3V
180
180
2.0k
6.0k
10 pF 10 pF
60
1.25
Vout 2.4k 12.8k 50
Adjust
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LM317M
Figure 1. Line Regulation and IAdj/Line Test Circuit
VCC Line Regulation (%/V) = * VIH VIL Vin Vout LM317M VOH - VOL x 100 VOL VOH VOL
Adjust Cin 0.1F IAdj
R1
240 1% CO
RL + 1.0F
* Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
R2 1%
Figure 2. Load Regulation and IAdj/Load Test Circuit
Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) -VO (max Load) Load Regulation (% VO) = Vin Vin Vout VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) VO (min Load) X 100 VO (min Load) VO (max Load)
LM317M
IL RL (max Load) * + CO 1.0F
Adjust Cin 0.1F IAdj
R1
240 1%
RL (min Load)
R2 1%
* Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
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LM317M
Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit
Vin Vout
LM317M
IL
Adjust VI Cin 0.1F ISET R2 1% R1 IAdj
240 1%
Vref + CO 1F
RL VO
*Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
To Calculate R2: Vout = ISET R2 + 1.250 V Assume ISET = 5.25 mA
Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit
24V 14V f = 120 Hz Vin LM317M Vout Vout = 10 V
Adjust Cin 0.1F
R1
240 1%
D1 * 1N4002 + CO 1.0F
RL VO
R2
1.65K 1%
** CAdj
+ 10F
* D1 Discharges CAdj if Output is Shorted to Ground. **CAdj provides an AC ground to the adjust pin.
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LM317M
Figure 5. Load Regulation
90 V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 Vin = 10 V Vout = 5.0 V IL = 5.0 mA to 100 mA RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) Vin = 45 V Vout = 5.0 V IL = 5.0 mA to 40 mA
Figure 6. Ripple Rejection
80
Without CAdj = 10 F
70
60
50
IL = 100 mA f = 120 Hz Vout = 10 V Vin = 14 V to 24 V -50 -25
Without CAdj
0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C)
150
Figure 7. Current Limit
V in -Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) 1.0 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) 50 TJ = 125C TJ = 25C 2.5
Figure 8. Dropout Voltage
Iout , OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
2.0 IL = 100 mA
IL = 500 mA
1.5
1.0
0.5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150
Figure 9. Minimum Operating Current
5.0 IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 4.5 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) TJ = 125C TJ = 25C 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10
Figure 10. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency
IL = 40 mA Vin = 5.0 V 1.0 VPP Vout = 1.25 V
100
1.0 k
10 k 100 k 1.0 M f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
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LM317M
Figure 11. Temperature Stability
IAdj, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( A) 1.260 Vref, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 80 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) Vin = 6.25 V Vout = Vref IL = 10 mA IL = 100 mA
Figure 12. Adjustment Pin Current
1.250
1.240
1.230
Vin = 4.2 V Vout = Vref IL = 5.0 mA
1.220
Figure 13. Line Regulation
Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 4.0 -50 -25 Vin = 4.25 V to 41.25 V Vout = Vref IL = 5.0 mA
Figure 14. Output Noise
Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz NOISE VOLTAGE ( V) 10
8.0
6.0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C)
Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V)
Figure 15. Line Transient Response
Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 t, TIME (s) Vin 30 40 Vout = 10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25C CL = 1.0 F
Figure 16. Load Transient Response
CL = 1.0 F; CAdj = 10 F Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V INL = 50 mA TJ = 25C
Vin , INPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (V)
CL = 0.3 F; CAdj = 10 F
CL = 0
I L , LOAD CURRENT (A)
IL
10
20 t, TIME (s)
30
40
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LM317M
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Basic Circuit Operation External Capacitors
The LM317M is a three-terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM317M develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The regulated output voltage is given by:
Vout
+ Vref 1 ) R2 ) IAdj R2 R1
Since the current from the terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM317M was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 A and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM317M is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible.
Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration
Vin Vout LM317M + R1 Adjust Vref IPROG Vout IAdj R2
A 0.1 F disc or 1.0 F tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 F capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. Although the LM317M is stable with no output capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 F tantalum or 25 F aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this effect and insures stability.
Protection Diodes
When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 18 shows the LM317M with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 F, CAdj > 5.0 F). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from discharging through the IC during an input short circuit.
Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes
D1 1N4002 Vin LM317M + Cin Adjust R2 R1 D2 CO Vout Vout
Vref = 1.25 V Typical
Load Regulation
The LM317M is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation.
1N4002 CAdj
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LM317M
Figure 19. Adjustable Current Limiter
+25V Vin Adjust * To provide current limiting of IO to the system ground, the source of the current limiting diode must be tied to a negative voltage below - 7.25 V. R2 Vref IDSS LM317M Vout R1 1.25k D1 1N914 D2 1N914 Vin Vin LM317M + 120 Adjust MPS2222 720 1N5314 1.0k TTL Control 1.0F VO IO
Figure 20. 5 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator
D1 1N4002 Vout Vout
R2 500
Vref R1 = IOmax + IDSS VO < POV + 1.25 V + VSS ILmin - IP < IO < 500 mA - IP As shown O < IO < 495 mA
VSS*
Minimum Vout = 1.25 V
D1 protects the device during an input short circuit.
Figure 21. Slow Turn-On Regulator
Vin Vout LM317M 240 Adjust R2 MPS2907 50k + 10F Vout 1N4001
Figure 22. Current Regulator
R1 LM317M Vout Adjust IAdj V ^ R1.25R2 1+ R2 Iout
Vin
Ioutmax =
Vref R1 + R2
+ IAdj
5.0 mA < Iout < 100 mA
R JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE, JUNCTION-TO-AIR ( C/W)
Figure 23. DPAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length
100 90 80 70 60 50 RJA 40 0 5.0 10 15 20 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) Minimum Size Pad Free Air Mounted Vertically PD(max) for TA = 50C 2.0 2.4
Figure 24. SOT-223 Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length
280 240 200 160 120 80 RJA 0 40 0 5.0 10 15 20 Minimum Size Pad Free Air Mounted Vertically PD(max) for TA = 50C 1.25 2.0 oz. Copper L 2.50 PA ON P A PO ER
L
1.2 0.8 0.4
25
30
L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm)
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IIII IIII IIII IIII
L 25 30
III III III III
2.0 oz. Copper L
1.6
0.83 0.63 0.50 0.42 0.35
LM317M
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device LM317MT LM317MDT LM317MDTRK LM317MSTT3 LM317MBT LM317MBDT LM317MBDTRK LM317MBSTT3 Operating Temperature Range TJ = 0C to 125C TJ = 0C to 125C TJ = 0C to 125C TJ = 0C to 125C TJ = -40C to 125C TJ = -40C to 125C TJ = -40C to 125C TJ = -40C to 125C Package TO-220 DPAK DPAK SOT-223 TO-220 DPAK DPAK SOT-223 Shipping 50 units/rail 75 units/rail 2500 units/Tape & Reel 4000 units/Tape & Reel 50 units/rail 75 units/rail 2500 units/Tape & Reel 4000 units/Tape & Reel
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A-09 ISSUE Z -T- C T
4 SEATING PLANE NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 --- --- 0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 1.15 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 --- --- 2.04
S
Q
123
A U K
H Z L V G D N R J
(SOT-223) ST SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 318E-04 ISSUE J A F
4
NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
S
1 2 3
B
D L G J C 0.08 (0003) H M K
INCHES DIM MIN MAX A 0.249 0.263 B 0.130 0.145 C 0.060 0.068 D 0.024 0.035 F 0.115 0.126 G 0.087 0.094 H 0.0008 0.0040 J 0.009 0.014 K 0.060 0.078 L 0.033 0.041 M 0_ 10 _ S 0.264 0.287
MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 6.30 6.70 3.30 3.70 1.50 1.75 0.60 0.89 2.90 3.20 2.20 2.40 0.020 0.100 0.24 0.35 1.50 2.00 0.85 1.05 0_ 10 _ 6.70 7.30
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LM317M
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
(DPAK) DT SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 369A-13 ISSUE Z -T- B V R
4 SEATING PLANE NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. INCHES MIN MAX 0.235 0.250 0.250 0.265 0.086 0.094 0.027 0.035 0.033 0.040 0.037 0.047 0.180 BSC 0.034 0.040 0.018 0.023 0.102 0.114 0.090 BSC 0.175 0.215 0.020 0.050 0.020 --- 0.030 0.050 0.138 --- MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 5.97 6.35 6.35 6.73 2.19 2.38 0.69 0.88 0.84 1.01 0.94 1.19 4.58 BSC 0.87 1.01 0.46 0.58 2.60 2.89 2.29 BSC 4.45 5.46 0.51 1.27 0.51 --- 0.77 1.27 3.51 ---
C E
A S
1 2 3
Z U
K F L D G
2 PL
J H 0.13 (0.005) T
DIM A B C D E F G H J K L R S U V Z
M
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LM317M
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LM317M/D

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